创伤外科医患冲突原因分析及换位思考的应用

医患关系是医疗人际关系中的关键。当今医患关系不和谐的现象时有发生,创伤外科领域尤甚,医患双方缺乏相互之间的沟通、交流与理解、信任是导致不和谐的主要因素,当今社会因素和媒体的影响也在一定程度上激化了医患之间的矛盾。如果在矛盾发生时,医患双方能够进行适时的角色互换,诸多医疗纠纷将迎刃而解,医患关系也将更加和谐。     

浅谈外科手术在重度肥胖治疗中的作用

目前在重度肥胖治疗中存在着孤立地,片面地看待疾病,对主要矛盾注意不够的问题,且过度依赖内科治疗。而外科手术对病态肥胖有着良好的效果,是去除代谢综合征(MS)主要致病因素的有效手段。但由于人们观念陈旧,临床上很少有人接受手术治疗。因此转变人们的观念是提高重度肥胖治疗效果的关键和必需的一步。     

Body image and cosmetic medical treatments

Cosmetic medical treatments have become increasingly popular over the past decade. The explosion in popularity can be attributed to several factors—the evolution of safer, minimally invasive procedures, increased mass media attention, and the greater willingness of individuals to undergo cosmetic procedures as a means to enhance physical appearance. Medical and mental health professionals have long been interested in understanding both the motivations for seeking a change in physical appearance as well as the psychological outcomes of these treatments. Body image has been thought to play a key role in the decision to seek cosmetic procedures, however, only recently have studies investigated the pre- and postoperative body image concerns of patients. While body image dissatisfaction may motivate the pursuit of cosmetic medical treatments, psychiatric disorders characterized by body image disturbances, such as body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders, may be relatively common among these patients. Subsequent research on persons who alter their physical appearance through cosmetic medical treatments are likely provide important information on the nature of body image.     

Blame it on patriarchy: More sexist attitudes are associated with stronger consideration of cosmetic surgery for oneself and one's partner

In the present work, we examined associations between oppressive, sexist beliefs and consideration of cosmetic surgery for oneself and also endorsement of cosmetic surgery for one's romantic partner. A total of 554 German‐speaking volunteers from the community, mainly in Austria, completed measures of consideration of cosmetic surgery and three measures of sexist attitudes, while a subset of participants in romantic relationships completed a measure of endorsement of cosmetic surgery for their partners along with the measures of sexism. Preliminary analyses showed that women and single respondents were more likely to consider having cosmetic surgery than men and committed respondents, respectively. Further analyses showed that consideration of cosmetic surgery for oneself was significantly associated with sexist attitudes, particularly hostile attitudes to women. In addition, among participants in a relationship, sexist attitudes were associated with endorsement of cosmetic surgery for one's partner. These results indicate that attitudes to cosmetic surgery for oneself and one's partner are shaped by gender‐ideological belief systems in patriarchal societies. Possible implications for understanding the motivations for having cosmetic surgery, among both single respondents and couples, are discussed.     

塑形文化与颌面外科——社会身份认同的基础外形需求

100多年来,明星文化（电影带来的影述文化）,精神分析学说和整形外科三大现象相互作用,形成了塑形文化,在个人与社会之间的身份认同中,不断提高着个人的呈现价值,处于世界文化发展的核心位置。在塑形文化中,整形外科直接影响着人的形象,其中,颌面整形外科占据着整形外科最重要的位置。其中的硬组织整形,即正颌外科,为人进行正常的面部骨骼塑形和重建,是建立面部美容的基础,也是个人社会身份认同的外形基础。     

外科手术在ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌治疗中的作用

ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌治疗方式存在争议,对于N1期患者,外科手术被广泛接受,对于N2期患者,国内外存在一定的分歧。对于N2期患者,外科手术治疗的效果主要取决于纵隔淋巴结转移情况,微灶转移和单站淋巴结转移患者,外科手术治疗效果比较满意,多站淋巴结转移患者外科手术治疗效果较差,而是需要做行根治性的放化疗。     

肺癌外科治疗方法和观念的演变

人类采用外科方法治疗肺癌已有100余年的历史.肺癌的外科治疗从最初非解剖性的肿瘤烧灼切除,发展到了全肺切除以及肺叶、支气管袖式肺叶、支气管肺动脉袖式肺叶切除、气管隆突切除重建等多种术式.近来,体外循环和微创技术也被应用到了肺癌的外科治疗领域,使肺癌的外科治疗技术有了极大发展.肺癌外科治疗中有关规范化手术、淋巴结清扫以及外科在小细胞肺癌中的地位等观念也有了澄清和转变.在今天肺癌外科治疗方法的发展已几近极致,而肺癌的外科治疗水平又裹足不前的情况下,回顾肺癌外科治疗方法和观念的演变、探讨未来的发展就有较为重要的现实意义.     

一个有待探索的新概念:心性脑病

从共性与个性、整体与局部的哲学观点以及临床上探讨心性脑病的存在,为基础研究和临床治疗提供理论依据.     

Anxiety sensitivity in smokers with indicators of cardiovascular disease

There is growing recognition of the importance of understanding the nature of the associations between anxiety and cardiovascular disease (CVD), although limited research has examined mechanisms that may explain the anxiety-CVD link. Anxiety sensitivity (fear of anxiety-relevant somatic sensations) is a cognitive-affective risk factor implicated in the development of anxiety psychopathology and various behavioral risk factors for CVD, although has not been examined among individuals with CVD. Adult daily smokers (n = 619; 50.9% female; M_age = 44.0, SD = 13.67) completed an online survey that included the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). The presence of CVD was assessed via the presence of ≥1 of the following: heart attack, heart murmur, positive stress test, heart valve abnormality, angina, and heart failure. Smokers with CVD indicators (n = 66, 10.7%) had significantly higher scores on the ASI-3 (M = 33.5, SD = 22.15), relative to smokers without CVD (M = 22.0, SD = 17.92; Cohen’s d = .57). Those with CVD were significantly more likely to have moderate or high anxiety sensitivity (66.7%) relative to those without CVD (49.4%). Physical and social concerns about the meaning of somatic sensations were common among smokers with CVD.     

微创手术治疗肺癌面临问题的思考

作为一种新兴技术,微创外科手术治疗肺癌备受争议.运用唯物辩证法的基本原理,分析这种技术产生的背景、临床应用价值及发展前景,并与传统手术方法作了客观辨证的比较.认为微创外科治疗肺癌,在临床应用有其积极意义,值得肯定.