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21.
Ines Schindler Veronika Zink Johannes Windrich Winfried Menninghaus 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(1):85-118
Admiration and adoration have been considered as emotions with the power to change people, yet our knowledge of the specific nature and function of these emotions is quite limited. From an interdisciplinary perspective, we present a prototype approach to admiration and what has variously been labelled adoration, worship, or reverence. Both admiration and adoration contribute to the formation of personal and collective ideals, values, and identities, but their workings differ. We offer a detailed theoretical account of commonalities and differences in the appraisal patterns and action tendencies associated with the two emotions. This analysis reveals that admiration motivates the internalisation and emulation of ideals embodied by an outstanding role model. Adoration motivates adherence to the teachings and expectations of a meaning maker and benefactor perceived as superhuman or sacred. Thus, the primary function of admiration is to promote individual learning and change, whereas adoration primarily serves to bind communities together. 相似文献
22.
Meike C. Shedden Mora Dipl.-Psych. Gaby Bleichhardt Daniel Weber Andreas Neff Winfried Rief 《Psychotherapeut》2010,55(3):217-224
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a painful condition present in 3% of the population. The aim of the present study was to develop a biofeedback-based cognitive-behavioral treatment for chronic TMD (BFB-KVT) and to evaluate its effectiveness compared to dental treatment. A total of 26 patients suffering from chronic TMD were randomly assigned to either BFB-KVT (n=15) or occlusal splint treatment (n=11). Preliminary data showed that both treatments reduced pain intensity and jaw disability. Greater improvement of pain-related disability was found for BFB-KVT, and its acceptance by the patients was higher. The proposed protocol appears to be an effective treatment for chronic TMD. The evaluation in a larger sample and of long-term efficacy will follow. 相似文献
23.
Tania M. Lincoln Stephanie Mehl Michael Ziegler Marie-Luise Kesting Cornelia Exner Winfried Rief 《Behavior Therapy》2010,41(2):187-197
The assumption that a low sense of self-worth can give rise to paranoid delusions is relevant from a therapeutic perspective, but research has been inconsistent. The present study sought to investigate how interpersonal self-concepts and global self-worth relate to psychotic and depressive psychopathology in persons with psychosis. Participants with psychosis (n = 83) and healthy controls (n = 33) were assessed for global self-worth, interpersonal self-concepts, and dysfunctional beliefs using the Frankfurt Self-Concept Scale and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale. Symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory, the Paranoia Checklist, and the Beck Depression Inventory. We hypothesized that perceived threat to self-worth, as expressed in dysfunctional acceptance beliefs and negative interpersonal self-concepts, would be uniquely associated with persecutory delusions. In contrast, low global self-worth would be strongly associated with symptoms of depression. Multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the association between symptoms and self-concepts. As expected, low global self-worth was associated with depression, whereas the more specific perception of not being accepted by relevant others was most clearly related to psychotic symptoms. Almost half of the variance in paranoia scores was explained by negative interpersonal self-concepts and the interaction between negative interpersonal self-concepts and dysfunctional acceptance beliefs. Thus, cognitive interventions for delusions might be improved by focusing more on interpersonal self-concepts. 相似文献
24.
Dipl.-Psych. Dr. Philipp Hammelstein Britta Jäntsch Winfried Barnett 《Psychotherapeut》2003,48(4):260-263
The paruretic disorder, a special subtype of social phobia, is presented. It has been almost completely neglected by German research. The disorder manifests in an inability to urinate in public rest rooms. The corresponding fears concern the loss of visual and/or acoustic privacy. Based on considerations about its etiology and pathogenesis a cognitive behavior-therapeutic intervention is recommended. This is illustrated by a case vignette of a 29-year-old male patient. 相似文献
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Memory impairment is a frequent effect of many different forms of brain dysfunction. Memory impairment is also a frequent focus of treatment interventions, and there have been many different treatment methods suggested. The suggested methods include direct retraining, the use of spared skills in compensating for the impairment (alternate functional systems), and the use of behavioral strategies to circumvent the manifest memory dysfunction (behavioral prosthetics). Unfortunately, there are very few studies comparing the various suggested treatment methods. The present paper evaluates the empirical evidence related to the treatment of memory dysfunction and suggests directions for future investigations. Although the evidence is not conclusive, it appears that some forms of treatment may be helpful in remediating certain types of memory impairment. An approach likely to be productive would include some consideration of the impaired neurological and psychological mechanisms responsible for the manifest memory deficit as well as a consideration of the etiology of the injury thought to be causally related to the memory deficit. As yet, there have been no rigorous empirical evaluations of these considerations. 相似文献
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Matthias Conradt Jan-Michael Dierk Pia Schlumberger Elisabeth Rauh Johannes Hebebrand Winfried Rief 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(3):317-327
In this article, we present the evaluation of the psychometric properties of a new self-report measure of Weight- and Body-Related Shame and Guilt (WEB–SG). The main purpose of the study was to measure shame and guilt feelings separately in obese individuals and investigate differing behavioral and emotional correlates of these emotions. Altogether, 331 obese participants completed the WEB–SG and other established self-report measures. A subset of the participants completed a 6-month follow-up. The WEB–SG proved to be internally consistent and temporally stable over a 6-month period. Regarding the factorial structure, a two-factor conceptualization was supported. The construct validity of the WEB–SG subscales was evidenced by a substantial overlap of common variance with related measures. The subscales Shame and Guilt showed differential correlation patterns to other scales. The WEB–SG is a brief, psychometrically sound measure for assessing body shame and guilt concerning weight control in obese individuals. 相似文献
29.
Winfried Rief Stefan G. Hofmann Yvonne Nestoriuc 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2008,2(4):1624-1637
Although placebo pills are supposed to have no pharmacological activity, people taking placebo pills describe a variety of positive (i.e., placebo phenomenon) and negative (i.e., nocebo phenomenon) reactions. This has major clinical implications. Placebo reactions account for a substantial part of improvement when treating patients with hypertension, mental disorders, and even after surgical procedures. The nocebo phenomenon on the other hand is responsible for non‐compliance and discontinuation of many pharmaceutical interventions. Mechanisms that underlie the placebo and nocebo effects may be related to expectation and/or classical conditioning, but some methodological issues should also be considered. Most experimental studies investigating the placebo effect have used paradigms to induce ‘placebo analgesia’, the reduction of pain perception after receiving an inert substance and an instruction that this medication would relieve pain. This paradigm allows investigators to examine the neurobiological circuitry of the placebo response using neuroimaging techniques. 相似文献
30.
Zusammenfassung Somatoforme Störungen sind für das Gesundheitssystem sowohl wegen ihrer hohen Prävalenz und auch wegen der intensiven Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Leistungen von großer Bedeutung. Auch bei psychotherapeutischen Interventionen muss dies berücksichtigt werden, da eine Normalisierung des Inanspruchnahmeverhaltens ein zentrales Behandlungsziel sein sollte. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Häufigkeit ambulanter Arztbesuche und Variablen des Inanspruchnahmeverhaltens untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 295 Allgemeinarztpatienten mit mindestens zwei organisch nicht hinreichend begründbaren Beschwerden in die Studie aufgenommen. Psychische Störungen und die Inanspruchnahme des Versorgungssystems wurden mit einem strukturierten Interview erhoben; daneben wurden zahlreiche Fragebögen eingesetzt. Die Mehrheit (82%) der untersuchten Patienten erfüllte die Kriterien von mindestens einer somatoformen Störung. Die Anzahl der Arztbesuche in den letzten 6 Monaten belief sich im Mittel auf 15 Kontakte. Sie korrelierten mit der Anzahl somatoformer Symptome, dem Alter, Gesundheitsängsten, genereller Angst und Depressivität. Die Regressionsanalyse bestätigt nur die Symptomanzahl und das Alter als signifikante Prädiktoren des Inanspruchnahmeverhaltens. Implikationen für die Therapie dieser Patientengruppe unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Hausarztes werden diskutiert. 相似文献