Self Perceptions and Perceptions of Group Climate as Predictors of Individual Innovation at Work

L'impact relatif de la motivation, des facteurs de personnalité et de la perception de l'ambiance du groupe dans la prédiction de l'innovation individuelle au travail a été mesure dans un échantillon de 435 personnes au cours des trois phases d'une étude longitudinale de 17 mois. L'échantillon comprenait un large éventail de spécialités relevant du service public de santé britannique. Les facteurs de personalité se sont révélés les plus prédictifs alors que le vecu de l'ambiance règnant dans le groupe n'a pas pu rendre compte d'une part significative de la variance. Les résultats laissent supposer que l'innovation dans la conduite professionnelle relève davantage des facteurs de personnalité ou de la créativité personnelle que de la perception des encouragements reçus ou du vécu de l'environnement social.
The relative power of personality, motivational, and perceived group climate factors in predicting individual innovation at work was tested in a sample of 435 people, in a three stage longitudinal study (17 months). The research sample included people from a wide range of occupations within the UK National Health Service. Personality factors were most consistent in predicting change in innovation, while perceptions of group climate did not significantly predict any additional variance in individual innovation. The results suggest that individual workrole innovation may be due more to individual personality factors or creativity than to people's perceptions of the supportiveness or otherwise of their social environment.     

Selective encoding in the interpretation of topographic maps

In two experiments, practised adult map users compared three-dimensional landsurface drawings against previously and separately studied contour maps. In the first experiment, adding extra contour levels, or marked drainage patterns, led to increased map study and decreased judgement times, whereas adding both led to no further increase or decrease respectively. In the second experiment, removing minor surface details from the drawings produced no overall variation in judgement times. These findings were taken as suggesting that map users selectively encode features from the map in task-determined fashion.