几种色光呈现条件下人眼红、绿光感受性的变化

采用阈值法探讨了人眼在红、橙、绿、蓝4种色光适应条件下红、绿光感受性的变化及机制。结果表明:当背景及目标均为稳光时,在不同的背景光条件下,人眼554nm(绿)及656nm(红)光感受性的变化显示了明显的感觉颉抗性效应,且不受色觉适应的影响;如果所呈现的背景光是稳态光,目标先是闪烁光,除辨别是现在554nm背景光上的656nm(红)目标,在其余条件下,均未发现颜色感觉颉抗效应;如果背景光是闪烁光,目标光为稳态光时,在不同的背景光条件下,人眼对554nm(绿)及656nm(红)波长的辨别结果有感觉颉抗效应存在,并且辨别感受性也明显提高。     

灵长动物初级抽象概括能力的比较实验研究(Ⅰ)金丝猴对实物、照片和画片的概括

本实验的目的是研究金丝猴对于从三维客体到其二维的照片及图片的概括能力。实验在三只未成年金丝猴身上进行。在基础训练中,训练动物辨别墨水瓶模型和小房子模型。然后用它们的照片和图画进行测验。实验表明三只金丝猴都不能把对客体的辨别迁移到照片和图画上去。     

豚尾猴(Macaca nemestrina)等灵长类动物反转学习的比较研究

不同种类猿猴脑高级机能的比较生理心理研究的资料很少,并且意见不完全一致。和(1997)曾报道黑猩猩较阿拉伯狒有较大的推断能力。Shell和Riopelle(1958)报道阔鼻猴蜘蛛猴(Ateles geoffroyi),卷尾猴(Cebus albifrons)     

身体正直及倾斜不同角度定位的实验研究

本文探讨了身体正直及倾斜不同角度(0°—90°)的定位。结果表明:(1)在暗室排除视觉的条件下,身体正直姿势的定位平均误差值在1.2°—1.61°范围;在亮室有视觉参与条件下,平均误差值为0.88°、不超过1°。(2)在暗室排除视觉条件下,“语言一身体”条件的各个角度定位的准确性最差,其次是“视觉—身体”条件,“身体—身体”条件的结果最好。这种情况表明,身体角度定位明显受信息的传入方式及信息转换和输出的难易程度的影响,相同感觉道在信息传入、处理和输出上具有更大的优越性。     

复杂视觉图形辨认的实验研究

实验材料是取样规则不同的两组(有限制组和无限制组)矩阵图形和离散度不同的两组(大离散度组和小离散度组)矩阵图形。每个图形以两种速度及在三个距离上呈现。被试者的任务是从比较图形中再认出先前呈现的那个图形。结果表明:被试者再认无限制组图形的成绩优于有限制组的成绩,小离散度组的成绩也优于大离散度组的成绩。速度因素对辨认的影响大于距离因素的影响。由取样规则所带来的关系参数和离散度这个物理的参数可用于预测图形辨认的成绩。     

马克思主义和人本心理学

美国人本主义心理学,就其关于人的价值的观点而论,可以说主要是从心理学角度对人的本质及其实现问题的研究。这当然并不是一个新问题。早在一个多世纪以前,马克思就曾从哲学、心理学和经济学角度对此进行过系统的探讨。     

Friendship patterns of overseas students: A functional model1

The respondents were 30 foreign students at the University of Hawaii (6 each from Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Thailand), and 6 host national (American) students, balanced for sex. The subjects identified their 5 best friends, and the 5 people with whom they spend most of their time. The subjects were then presented with a list of 15 activities, and identified a preferred companion for each of the situations. The data were used to test a functional model of the academic sojourn, which predicts that foreign students will belong to three social networks, in descending order of salience: a) a conational network whose function is to affirm and express the culture of origin; b) a network with host nationals, whose function is the instrumental facilitation of academic and professional aspirations; and c) a multinational network whose main function is recreational. The results confirmed the existence, predicted differential function, and salience hierarchy of these three social networks, and reconciled previous conflicting reports regarding the social relations of foreign students.     

The sex by race interaction in cognitive measures

Data consisting of 79 cognitive measures from Project TALENT for 100,000 white and black high school students have been analyzed for possible race by sex interactions. Control variables included geographical area, grade in high school, and socio-economic class. Race by sex interactions are largest when socioeconomic class is controlled and are highly related to the size of the main effect of sex as well. White boys and girls differ more than black boys and girls whether the overall sex difference favors males or females. Sex by grade and, to a lesser extent, sex by area interactions were also moderately large and consistent with the size of the main effect of sex. Since there are no consistent relationships with other main effects, and since the measures producing sex differences also tend to produce the interactions, it is concluded that sex differences and the interactions with sex share the same causes. Differences between these results and those of Jensen are also discussed.     

注意促进效应的ERP研究

近期发现，采用目标探测任务作为二级任务时，目标探测条件不仅不会削弱，甚至会提高记忆成绩，产生注意促进效应（ABE）。为进一步探究目标探测的作用机制，研究采用事件相关电位（ERP）技术，对比目标与分心条件在编码和提取过程中所诱发的ERP差异。结果表明，两类条件在再认过程中所诱发的ERP差异不仅表现在早期与知觉加工相关的ERP成份上，并且一直持续到了后期与细节提取相关的ERP成分上。由此推测，ABE不仅体现在编码早期的知觉加工阶段，更会延续到后期的复述与精加工。     

The experience requirement on well-being

Philosophical Studies - According to the experience requirement on well-being, differences in subjects’ levels of welfare or well-being require differences in the phenomenology of their...