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排序方式: 共有93条查询结果,搜索用时 296 毫秒
81.
Laura H. Schopp Cheryl L. Shigaki Brick Johnstone Heather A. Kirkpatrick 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2001,8(3):181-188
This study examined gender differences in cognitive and emotional status after traumatic brain injury (TBI) among 262 men and 140 women with TBI referred for neuropsychological evaluations. In this cross-sectional study, cognition was measured in terms of both absolute level of functioning (i.e., raw/standard scores) and estimated decline from premorbid levels expressed as z-deficit scores in the following domains: intelligence [Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS-R)], memory and attention [Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised (WMS-R)], processing speed (Trails A), and cognitive flexibility (Trails B). Emotional functioning was measured in terms of depression (Beck Depression Inventory) and general emotional distress (Brief Symptom Inventory). Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric one-way ANOVAs indicated that women and men differed significantly on 2 of 8 raw/standard cognitive scores [men demonstrated lower WMS-R General Memory (p < .05) and Trails B scores (p < .0001) and 4 of 8 relative decline scores [women demonstrated more estimated change in VIQ (Verbal IQ) [p < .0001], FSIQ (Full Scale IQ) [p < .01], and Attention (p < .01)]; men demonstrated greater estimated z-decline scores on Trails B (p < .01)]. Women reported significantly higher levels of depression (p < .01), but men endorsed significantly greater general psychological distress (p < .05). Research and assessment recommendations are suggested. 相似文献
82.
Leslie A. Brick Colleen A. Redding Andrea L. Paiva Lisa L. Harlow Wayne F. Velicer 《Multivariate behavioral research》2017,52(4):485-498
The transition from childhood to adolescence is a crucial period for the development of healthy behaviors to be sustained later in life. With obesity a leading public health problem, the promotion of healthy behaviors has the potential to make a huge impact. The current study evaluated Stage of Change progression in a large (N = 4158) computer-delivered, Transtheoretical Model-tailored intervention focusing on physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption (FV). Markov models were used to explore stage transitions and patterns of discrete change from sixth to ninth grade. Nested model comparisons examined the consistency of these patterns across time and intervention condition. Major findings supported models in which participants were free to transition forward and backward to any of the stages, but higher probabilities were observed for remaining in the same stage or for transitioning one or two stages forward. Participants in the intervention group had higher probabilities of transitioning toward Maintenance, with more change occurring relative to the comparison group during transitions from grades six to eight but not for grades eight to nine. 相似文献
83.
Neuropsychology,genetic liability,and psychotic symptoms in those at high risk of schizophrenia 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Byrne M Clafferty BA Cosway R Grant E Hodges A Whalley HC Lawrie SM Owens DG Johnstone EC 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2003,112(1):38-48
Neuropsychological assessments were compared among individuals at enhanced genetic risk of schizophrenia (n = 157) and controls (n = 34). The relationship between cognitive impairments and the presence of psychotic symptoms and measures of genetic risk was explored in the high-risk subjects. Neuropsychological differences were identified in many areas of function and were not accounted for by the presence of psychotic symptoms. Genetic liability was not associated with neuropsychological performance or with psychotic symptoms, but exploratory analysis showed some tests were associated with both liability measures. These results suggest that what is inherited is not the disorder itself but a state of vulnerability manifested by neuropsychological impairment, occurring in many more individuals than are predicted to develop the disorder. 相似文献
84.
Previous research indicates that increased religiosity/spirituality is related to better health, but the specific nature of
these relationships is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between physical health and spiritual
belief, religious practices, and congregational support using the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality
and the Medical Outcomes Scale Shortform-36. A total of 168 participants were surveyed with the following medical disorders:
Cancer, Spinal Cord Injury, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Stroke, plus a healthy sample from a primary care setting. The results
show that individuals with chronic medical conditions do not automatically turn to religious and spiritual resources following
onset of their disorder. Physical health is positively related to frequency of attendance at religious services, which may
be related to better health leading to increased ability to attend services. In addition, spiritual belief in a loving, higher
power, and a positive worldview are associated with better health, consistent with psychoneuroimmunological models of health.
Practical implications for health care providers are discussed. 相似文献
85.
Carien van Reekum Tom Johnstone Rainer Banse Alexandre Etter Thomas Wehrle Klaus Scherer 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(5):663-688
A computer game was used to study psychophysiological reactions to emotion‐relevant events. Two dimensions proposed by Scherer (1984a, 1984b) in his appraisal theory, the intrinsic pleasantness and goal conduciveness of game events, were studied in a factorial design. The relative level at which a player performed at the moment of an event was also taken into account. A total of 33 participants played the game while cardiac activity, skin conductance, skin temperature, and muscle activity as well as emotion self‐reports were assessed. The self‐reports indicate that game events altered levels of pride, joy, anger, and surprise. Goal conduciveness had little effect on muscle activity but was associated with significant autonomic effects, including changes to interbeat interval, pulse transit time, skin conductance, and finger temperature. The manipulation of intrinsic pleasantness had little impact on physiological responses. The results show the utility of attempting to manipulate emotion‐constituent appraisals and measure their peripheral physiological signatures. 相似文献
86.
87.
The American Journal of Psychoanalysis - 相似文献
88.
89.
A stationary vertical test grating appears to drift to the left after adaptation to an inducing grating drifting to the right, this being known as the motion aftereffect (MAE). Pattern-specific motion aftereffects (PSMAEs) induced by superimposed pairs of gratings in which the component gratings drift up and down but the observer sees a single coherent plaid drifting to the right have been investigated. Two experiments are reported in which it is demonstrated that the PSMAE is tuned more to the motion of the pattern than to the orientation and direction of motion of the component gratings. However, when subjects adapt to the component gratings in alternation, aftereffect magnitude is dependent upon the individual grating orientations and motion directions. These results can be interpreted in terms of extrastriate contributions to the PSMAE, possibly arising from the middle temporal area, where some cells, unlike those in striate cortex (V1), are tuned to pattern motion rather than to component motion. 相似文献
90.