肠易激综合征：罗马III标准与我国共识意见解读

肠易激综合征在我国的发病率逐年升高，2003年我国制定的IBS的共识意见已不适用，因此2007年我国肠易激综合征共识意见进行了重新修订，称为长沙共识意见。长沙共识意见借鉴了国际公认的罗马III标准，在IBS的诊断所需的时间，IBS的亚型分型等方面做了较大的修订。并强调了随诊在IBS诊断中的重要性。长沙共识意见同时指出罗马III标准是基于西方国家的研究资料制定的，并不完全适用于我国。我国在IBS的诊断中应结合国人的发病特点进行诊断。长沙共识意见在IBS的治疗方面就我国现状提出了治疗流程。     

肠易激综合征相关致病因素及发病机制研究进展

肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种以腹痛或腹部不适伴有大便性状及排便习惯改变为主要症状的肠道功能性疾病。诊断主要依靠罗马Ⅲ诊断标准,且需除外肠道器质性疾病。目前IBS的发病机制尚不明确,相关研究表明其发病可能与遗传、性别、胃肠道运动障碍、内脏高敏感性、脑肠轴调节异常、肠道感染、肠道菌群失调、饮食及社会心理等因素有关。本文就其可能致病因素及发病机制的最新研究进展作一综述。     

生物反馈治疗对肠易激综合征患者情绪及胃肠道症状疗效的Meta分析

目的:应用Meta分析评价生物反馈治疗对肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)的疗效。方法:计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普(VIP)、生物医学、Pubmed、Web of Science及Embase数据库,收集2019年5月31日以前国内外关于生物反馈干预肠易激综合...     

重新审视肠易激综合征

肠易激综合征(IBS)作为新近日益受到重视的疑难疾病,以其固有的复杂性冲击着西医传统的疾病观。以其高发病率和对人类生活质量的严重影响促使复杂性探索研究在医学中应用并促进东方整体观在现代医学中复兴,从而用于解决诸如肠易激综合征等的医学疑难。重新审视IBS这种典型的心身相关特点显著的功能性疾病,促进对医学疑难问题研究和认识中观念的更新,特别是促进整体观在医学研究中的深化,从而有助于寻找到更有效的医学疑难病的解决方法。     

肠易激综合征发病机制研究中的几个问题

肠易激综合征是一种肠道功能性疾病,是目前消化病领域的研究热点,近10年来肠易激综合征发病机制的研究没有突破性进展,本文从哲学基本原理的视角对肠易激综合征发病机制研究中的困惑进行思考与分析,希望给今后的肠易激综合征发病机制研究带来一些启示。     

感染后与非感染后肠易激综合征的多维特点

探讨感染后(PI)与非感染后肠易激综合征(NPI-IBS)的临床,精神心理,组织学特点。取IBS患者和正常人进行问卷调查,了解其多维特点。分别检测肥大细胞的数目。结果显示:(1)PI-IBS与NPI-IBS患者临床、心理特征不同;(2)IBS两组患者肥大细胞的数目无差异,与对照组比较差异明显。因此认为PI-IBS和NPI-IBS有特征差异,对临床治疗有一定指导意义。     

肠易激综合征发病机制研究中的几个问题

肠易激综合征是一种肠道功能性疾病,是目前消化病领域的研究热点,近10年来肠易激综合征发病机制的研究没有突破性进展,本文从哲学基本原理的视角对肠易激综合征发病机制研究中的困惑进行思考与分析,希望给今后的肠易激综合征发病机制研究带来一些启示.     

感染后与非感染后肠易激综合征的多维特点

探讨感染后(PI)与非感染后肠易激综合征(NPI-IBS)的临床,精神心理,组织学特点.取IBS患者和正常人进行问卷调查,了解其多维特点.分别检测肥大细胞的数目.结果显示:(1)PI-IBS与NPI-IBS患者临床,心理特征不同;(2)IBS两组患者肥大细胞的数目无差异,与对照组比较差异明显.因此认为PI-IBS和NPI-IBS有特征差异,对临床治疗有一定指导意义.     

功能性消化不良的生理病理和心理社会因素研究

功能性消化不良 (FunctionalDyspepsia,FD)在以前有很多的定义和命名 ,如原发性消化不良、非器质性消化不良等。1999年 ,罗马委员会经过多次会议 ,制定了胃肠功能紊乱的诊断标准 ,该标准被称为罗马Ⅱ标准[1] ,使世界各国对此有一个共识 ,有助于诊断的规范和国际交流。FD的诊断标准是 :持续或反复发作的上腹正中的疼痛或不适症状在近 12个月内至少出现 12周 ,无需连续 ;无器质性疾病可解释的症状以及症状与排便无关。按FD的临床表现 ,可将之归入中医学“痞满”、“胃痛”、“胃缓”等证范畴 [2 ] 。FD是常见病 ,其发病机制目前还不完全清…     

幽门螺杆菌治疗进展——兼国际新共识解读

为了推动和规范H.Pylori相关疾病的防治,自2000年以来国际和国内先后制定了若干共识.最近几年来,国际上又先后举行了一些H.Pylori感染处理的共识会议,包括第二次亚太共识、世界胃肠病组织(WGO)发展中国家的共识、第四次Maastricht共识.我国今年已召开了第四次共识会议.这些新共识对我们目前的临床工作和明年国内共识的修订均有一定参考价值.为此,结合我国的国情对这些新共识进行解读,重点是何种方案治疗最合适.     

Neuroscientific Evidence About the Distinction Between Short- and Long-Term Memory

ABSTRACT— What have neuroscientific techniques contributed to the development of psychological theory about short- and long-term memory? We argue that the contributions have been varied: In some cases, data about brain mechanisms have been vital to the advancement of psychological theory; in other cases, neuroscientific data and behavioral data from normal participants have made equal contributions; and in yet other cases, the data from neuroscientific approaches have actually led psychological theory astray. We illustrate these various contributions by focusing on the relationship of short- to long-term memory.     

On the molecular genetics of flexibility: The case of task-switching,inhibitory control and genetic variants

The adjustment of behavior to changing goals and environmental constraints requires the flexible switching between different task sets. Cognitive flexibility is an endophenotype of executive functioning and is highly heritable, as indicated by twin studies. Individual differences in global flexibility as assessed by reaction-time measurement in a task-switching paradigm were recently related to a single nucleotide polymorphism in the vicinity of the dopamine d2 receptor gene DRD2. In the present study, we assessed whether the DRD2 gene is related to backward inhibition, a control mechanism that contributes to cognitive flexibility by reducing proactive interference by no longer relevant task sets. We found that carriers of the DRD2 A1+ variant who have a lower striatal dopamine d2 receptor density than A1– carriers show a larger backward inhibition effect. This is in line with previous results demonstrating increased behavioral flexibility in carriers of this genetic variant. The discussion relates the present finding to those of previous studies assessing the neurogenetic foundations of inhibitory control.     

CONTIME: Continuous-Time Analysis of Parallel Streams of Behavior

The accurate assessment of model fit has emerged as a vital area of research in the advancement of structural equation modeling. Two recent indices of fit, the Relative Noncentrality Index (RNI, McDonald &; Marsh, 1990) and the Comparative Fit Index (CFI, Bentler, 1990), constitute major progress in this regard. This research demonstrates that the RNI and CFI are algebraically equivalent in most applications but. identifies one condition in which the indices will not be identical. In this condition, it is suggested ithat the RNI may be advantageous for model comparison purposes whereas the CEI may be preferred with respect to efficiency of estimate. Additionally, two cautions pertaining tcc the incremental approach to fit underlying both indices are discussed and appropriate recommendations are provided.     

MAOA基因与抑郁的关系

抑郁的发生具有遗传基础。近年来, 随着分子遗传技术的发展, 对抑郁遗传机制的研究已经深入到分子水平。既有研究表明, MAOA基因在抑郁的发生发展中发挥着十分重要的作用。MAOA基因与抑郁间存在紧密的直接关联, 而且MAOA基因与环境及其他基因亦交互作用于抑郁, 然而, 既有相关研究结论尚存分歧。未来研究应更加关注MAOA基因与多种环境因素及其它基因间的复杂交互作用, 考察MAOA基因的年龄效应, 揭示MAOA基因作用于抑郁的脑机制。     

A survival analysis of the impact of boundary crossings on managerial career advancement up to midcareer

Although managers and professionals still compete in a career tournament for advancement and pay, the career boundaries that they cross in order to compete have changed. Traditionally, such individuals came up through the ranks within the same company by specializing in one functional area and changing, as needed, the geographic location of work in order to advance their careers. However, in the current era of less constrained, boundary-crossing careers, they are more apt to cross several boundaries, including functional, organizational, geographic, and family, as they pursue career opportunities. Using survival analysis with data from the career histories of 760 managers and professionals who collectively made 3917 moves up to midcareer, we examined the impact of the rate of crossing each boundary on the subsequent likelihood of advancement. In addition, over this span of career, we examined the extent to which more rapid advancement contributed to the rate of growth in annual salary. Our findings suggest that crossing functional, organizational, and geographic boundaries more often significantly increased the likelihood of advancement, whereas the duration of family boundary crossings had a negative impact. Moreover, as expected, advancement had a long-term impact on salary growth.     

COMT基因多态性与攻击行为的关系

攻击行为的发生具有重要的遗传学基础。近年来, 随着分子遗传学的发展, 对攻击行为发生机制的研究已经深入到分子水平, COMT基因成为攻击行为遗传学研究的候选基因之一, 然而以人类为被试的研究结论尚存在分歧, 甚至相互矛盾。通过回顾、梳理既有关于COMT基因多态性与个体攻击行为关系的研究, 剖析了研究结论尚存在分歧和矛盾的原因, 并在此基础上从SNP标记、被试群体、研究设计、神经生物机制等几个方面展望了未来研究的方向。     

The Slow Creation of Humanity

The concept of “humanity”—the belief that “all humanity is one undivided and indivisible family”—has been created slowly in human consciousness since the fifteenth century. Humanity has found increasing expression in international law through the ending of slavery, the creation of “crimes against humanity,” and the advancement of human rights. This slow creation of humanity is described by reviewing the vital contributions of Bartolomé de Las Casas, Granville Sharp, Edmund Dene Morel, H. G. Wells, and Eleanor Roosevelt. Still, the creation of humanity is incomplete. The author's research on “identification with all humanity” is summarized. Finally, speculation is offered on the social and psychological foundations of identification with all humanity, on factors that undermine it, and on how it might be enlarged.     

Effects of task performance and contextual performance on systemic rewards

Evidence from 2 samples of Air Force mechanics supported the hypothesis that contextual performance affects employees' career advancement and rewards over time. Results of hierarchical regressions controlling for experience showed task performance and contextual performance each predicted systemic rewards. Each facet explained separate variance in promotability ratings over 2 years. In both samples, contextual performance explained separate variance in informal rewards but task performance did not. Task performance explained incremental variance in career advancement 1 year later but contextual performance did not. Analyses using correlations corrected for unreliability suggest these results cannot be attributed to measurement error. Contextual performance still explained separate variance in informal rewards, and task performance explained distinct variance in career advancement a year later.     

论中国传统医学与西方医学发展的不同道路

中国传统医学建立在整体论、有机论范式的基础上,难以与近现代科学融为一体,具有封闭性,总体上更接近于经验医学.西方医学是建立在现代科学范式基础上的技术医学,以现代科学成果为依托,并以大众的广泛参与为基础,具有开放性和发展性.     

How to consistently link extraversion and intelligence to the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene: on defining and measuring psychological phenotypes in neurogenetic research

The evidence for associations between genetic polymorphisms and complex behavioral/psychological phenotypes (traits) has thus far been weak and inconsistent. Using the well-studied Val158Met polymorphism of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene as an example, we demonstrate that using theoretical models to guide phenotype definition and measuring the phenotypes of interest with a high degree of specificity reveals strong gene-behavior associations that are consistent with prior work and that would have otherwise gone unnoticed. Only after statistically controlling for irrelevant portions of phenotype variance did we observe strong (Cohen's d = 0.33-0.70) and significant associations between COMT Val158Met and both cognitive and affective traits in a healthy male sample (N = 201) in Study 1: Carriers of the Met allele scored higher in fluid intelligence (reasoning) but lower in both crystallized intelligence (general knowledge) and the agency facet of extraversion. In Study 2, we conceptually replicated the association of COMT Val158Met with the agency facet of extraversion after partialing irrelevant phenotype variance in a female sample (N = 565). Finally, through reanalysis of a large published data set we showed that Met allele carriers also scored higher in indicators of fluid intelligence after partialing verbal fluency. Because the Met allele codes for a less efficient variant of the enzyme COMT, resulting in higher levels of extrasynaptic prefrontal dopamine, these observations provide further support for a role for dopamine in both intelligence and extraversion. More importantly, the present findings have important implications for the definition of psychological phenotypes in neurogenetic research.