肿瘤数据库及组织库的建设

随着肿瘤研究的日益深入,肿瘤组织库的重要性逐渐显现,世界各地都建立了肿瘤组织库。作为肿瘤组织库管理系统和肿瘤临床资料收集、管理者的肿瘤数据库在组织库建设以及肿瘤研究中具有重要的作用。近十年来,我国的肿瘤数据库和组织库开始出现,仍处于起步阶段,存在着诸多问题,建立标准化数据库和组织库具有十分重要的意义。     

针对软骨组织工程研究发展的几点思考

简述软骨组织工程研究发展的新成果,软骨组织工程种子细胞的研究更加广泛深入,出现一些性能卓越的新型组织工程生物材料,更加优化的环境因素更有利于构建组织工程软骨.初步探讨了一些技术性问题,组织工程软骨还存在种子细胞的大规模扩增、软骨退化、软骨表型不稳定等一些技术性问题.探讨了软骨组织工程在临床应用方面的一些医学伦理学问题和对策,展望了我国软骨组织工程的发展前景.     

外科病理学超越自我发展的思考

病理学是一门以组织形态学研究为基础的学科,经历了二百多年的发展历程。外科病理学作为病理学的重要部分,密切联系临床,以临床需要为方向,在医疗活动中充当着重要的角色,发挥着重要作用。随着免疫组织技术、基因芯片及组织芯片技术、图像分析技术、数字化图像技术、网络技术、流式细胞学技术等出现和应用,外科病理学在医疗活动中的权重日益增加,其中很多内容已远远超出病理形态学本身,向细胞分子,DNA,基因改变方向发展。     

囊虫病诊断技术的发展与临床应用

囊虫病是一种由猪囊尾蚴寄生于人体组织内主要引起脑、眼等重要器官或组织损害的常见寄生虫病.目前时其诊断的实验技术研究已发展到高层水平,但被临床应用的并不多.本文从多个方面较全面地分析和回答了出现此现象的原因,并提出了拟解决临床问题的见解与探索思路.     

肿瘤数据库及组织库的建设

随着肿瘤研究的日益深入,肿瘤组织库的重要性逐渐显现,世界各地都建立了肿瘤组织库.作为肿瘤组织库管理系统和肿瘤临床资料收集、管理者的肿瘤数据库在组织库建设以及肿瘤研究中具有重要的作用.近十年来,我国的肿瘤数据库和组织库开始出现,仍处于起步阶段,存在着诸多问题,建立标准化数据库和组织库具有十分重要的意义.     

外科病理学超越自我发展的思考

病理学是一门以组织形态学研究为基础的学科,经历了二百多年的发展历程.外科病理学作为病理学的重要部分,密切联系临床,以临床需要为方向,在医疗活动中充当着重要的角色,发挥着重要作用.随着免疫组织技术、基因芯片及组织芯片技术、图像分析技术、数字化图像技术、网络技术、流式细胞学技术等出现和应用,外科病理学在医疗活动中的权重日益增加,其中很多内容已远远超出病理形态学本身,向细胞分子,DNA,基因改变方向发展.     

LKB1蛋白在食管鳞癌组织中的表达及意义

为了探讨肝激酶B1（LKB1）蛋白在食管鳞癌组织中的表达水平及其与食管鳞癌临床特征及生存期的关系,应用免疫组化方法检测120例食管鳞癌患者组织中LKB1蛋白表达情况并对诸多临床特征进行相关性分析研究,发现LKB1蛋白在食管癌旁正常组织的阳性表达率高于癌组织;LKB1蛋白表达与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、病变长度及浸润深度无关而与分化程度、淋巴结转移及临床分期（TNM）相关,且LKB1蛋白阴性组预后较阳性组差.可见LKB1视为抑癌基因影响食管鳞癌的预后,可能成为食管鳞癌新型的临床预后指标之一.     

严重脓毒症——评价指标带给我们的启示

目前,严重脓毒症的诊断指标已对脓毒症导致的临床情况作出较好的诠释,进一步寻找相关的指标将更有助于临床判断。我们评价了血流动力学和组织灌注参数,免疫紊乱、凝血障碍的相关参数以及前降钙素等指标在临床上的价值。目前所采用的一些指标确实有助于严重脓毒症的诊断,但是,我们需要更特异的指标来指导临床工作。     

带腓肠神经腓骨复合组织瓣移植修复前臂尺侧缺损

观察以带腓肠神经的腓骨复合组织瓣移植修复前臂尺侧缺损的临床效果。对15例前臂尺侧复合组织缺损的患者实行带腓肠神经的腓骨复合组织瓣移植修复术。结果15例组织瓣全部成活,前臂功能恢复良好。应用带腓肠神经的腓骨复合组织瓣移植修复前臂尺侧缺损,是一种治疗复合组织缺损的有效手术方法。     

专业学术组织在抗疫心理援助中的工作范式——以临床心理学注册工作委员会为例

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情发生以来,各专业组织以及专业人员积极投入到心理援助的工作中。文章探讨和总结了中国心理学会临床心理学注册工作委员会作为专业学术组织在抗疫心理援助中的工作实践,主要包括做好顶层设计,找准抗疫工作定位,搭建组织框架,确立工作模式,整合资源整体性运作,利用专家资源就抗疫心理援助向国家政府建言献策,制定和发布...     

Derivation of the antiphase-boundary energy of L1 2 long-range-ordered precipitates from measurements of the minimum size of stable dislocation loops

In an alloy that is strengthened by long-range-ordered particles, a matrix dislocation generates an antiphase boundary (APB) when it cuts through such a particle. The specific energy n APB of this APB has been measured for two fcc alloys with spherical coherent L12 ordered particles: an Al-7.5at.%Li-alloy and the commercial Ni-base superalloy Nimonic PE16. Peak-aged specimens have been deformed and Orowan loops searched for using transmission electron microscopy. n APB has been derived from the radii of the smallest dislocation loops which have been left behind around particles. Such an approach had been used previously, for example, by Raynor and Silcock and by Nembach et al . Here an improved evaluation method has been applied; it is based on the results of computer simulations of the equilibrium configurations of dislocation loops.     

Increased response time of primed associates following an “episodic” hypnotic amnesia suggestion: A case of unconscious volition

Following a hypnotic amnesia suggestion, highly hypnotically suggestible subjects may experience amnesia for events. Is there a failure to retrieve the material concerned from autobiographical (episodic) memory, or is it retrieved but blocked from consciousness? Highly hypnotically suggestible subjects produced free-associates to a list of concrete nouns. They were then given an amnesia suggestion for that episode followed by another free association list, which included 15 critical words that had been previously presented. If episodic retrieval for the first trial had been blocked, the responses on the second trial should still have been at least as fast as for the first trial. With semantic priming, they should be faster. In fact, they were on average half a second slower. This suggests that the material had been retrieved but blocked from consciousness. A goal-oriented information processing framework is outlined to interpret these and related data.     

Shifting attention into and out of objects: evaluating the processes underlying the object advantage

Visual cuing studies have been widely used to demonstrate and explore contributions from both object- and location-based attention systems. A common finding has been a response advantage for shifts of attention occurring within an object, relative to shifts of an equal distance between objects. The present study examined this advantage for within-object shifts in terms of engage and disengage operations within the object- and location-based attention systems. The rationale was that shifts of attention between objects require object-based attention to disengage from one object before shifting to another, something that is not required for shifts of attention within an object or away from a location. One- and two-object displays were used to assess object-based contributions related to disengaging and engaging attention within, between, into, and out of objects. The results suggest that the "object advantage" commonly found in visual cuing experiments in which shifts of attention are required is primarily due to disengage operations associated with object-based attention.     

Long-term memory for calls of relatives in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus)

Recognition of relatives is important for dispersing animals to avoid inbreeding and possibly for developing cooperative, reciprocal relationships between individuals after dispersal. We demonstrate under controlled captive conditions that cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) have a long-term memory for long calls of relatives from which they had been separated for periods ranging from 4 to 55 months. Tamarins responded with lower levels of arousal behavior to playbacks of long calls from current mates and from separated relatives compared to calls of unfamiliar, unrelated tamarins. Four tamarins had been out of contact with relatives for more than 4 years and still showed recognition as evidenced by low levels of arousal. Results could not be explained in terms of proximity to former relatives. Long-term memory for vocal signatures of relatives is adaptive and may be much more common than has been demonstrated.     

Careers education and counselling in Northern Ireland: A historical outline

Vocational guidance services have been developing in Northern Ireland for about thirty years. Recently the careers service has been transferred from an education to a manpower services base, while the schools have been given greater opportunity, and responsibility, for the provision of careers education. The changes have given considerable impetus to careers teacher training, and to the appointment of schools' careers staffs. The possibility of further development of the partnership between careers officers and careers teachers is examined.     

Editorial introduction

Health Psychology has been with us “officially” for about a decade and its development has been rapid and influential. With any new area, particularly one which has developed so quickly, it becomes necessary to take stock in order to assess progress and to identify critical issues. To some extent, this task has been attempted in the United States (see Stone er al.,1987) but there has been no systematic attempt to look at international developments in health psychology. I was therefore particularly pleased when Mary Jansen, Gerda Methorst and Ad Kerkhof offered to act as guest editors for a special issue on this topic.

Any collection of papers which attempts the task of an international overview is bound to be selective. Although the present collection is no exception in this respect, certain key themes are explored very successfully. These include the nature of the development of the discipline and the professional perspective, as revealed in the emergence of different types of training program. Added to this there is a most valuable opportunity to compare the development and application of health psychology in contrasting countries around the world. In addition to ensuring that the papers cover an appropriate range of areas, the guest editors have been particularly fortunate in obtaining contributions from a very impressive collection of authors from many countries and professional contexts.

At present health psychology holds many promises both as a research area and as an emerging profession. The planning of good quality research and of appropriately structured training programs is necessary to convert the promises into a reality. In our attempts to do this, we will need to cooperate and to learn from each other and this collection of papers provides an excellent basis for this. I am extremely grateful to the contributing authors and to Mary Jansen, Gerda Methorst and Ad Kerkhof for all their hard work.     

The future of psychotherapy outcome research: science or political rhetoric?

Although the relationship between research and clinical psychology has at times been conflicted, it has also been productive. Psychologists from both specialties have benefited from each others' work. The area of psychotherapy outcome research represents an important interface between the fields of clinical and research psychology. In an era of scarce resources and demands for accountability, there is pressure for researchers to justify the value of clinical practices. Recently, numerous articles have appeared recommending changes to the way psychotherapy research is conducted. The authors of these articles emphasize with urgency the importance of conducting and reporting research in a manner that will influence the decisions of policymakers and sanction funding for psychotherapy services. This article is an exploration of the impact of these recommendations, whose objective appears to be the promotion of psychological techniques for inclusion in clinical practice guidelines. It is argued that such recommendations may be in conflict with the philosophy and methods of science and may adversely affect public perception, perhaps leading psychologists to be seen as political lobbyists rather than clinicians and researchers.     

Role of participation in the evaluation and implementation of development projects

There has been an emphasis in the development and research literature on the participation of beneficiaries in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of projects. Initially, approaches were described as facilitating participation. However, in more recent years the term participatory has been used. As this trend has occurred there has been an increasing advocacy of the participatory approach as a prerequisite for projects. The analysis starts with an identification of the differences between participation and participatory approaches to planning and evaluation. The importance of recognizing when participation may be appropriate as opposed to more participatory approaches is outlined. Conditions for the success of participatory approaches are noted and a set of criteria are recommended. The analysis is illustrated with examples from diverse geographic and subject-matter backgrounds.     

A neuroanatomical model of passivity phenomena

Any attempt to elucidate the nature and mechanism of passivity phenomena, i.e., experiences that one's conscious actions or thoughts have not been 'willed' by oneself, requires an integrative philosophical-neurobiological approach. The model proposed here adopts some fundamental positions that have long been advocated by philosophers and theoretical psychologists and have now found support from functional neuroanatomy. First, we experience our actions not from the standpoint of the executive but through the perception of its effects. Second, the 'self' is not an agent of behaviour. Third, behaviour is energized and integrated by basic drives (instincts). Fourth, the view that the experience of an acting self is related to drive reduction associated with voluntary actions is perhaps less well developed. The model thus proposes that passivity phenomena are actions that are induced by the perception of salient events but that are not integrated with or conducive to the overall motivational state of the organism. It has been suggested that, following the perception of salient events, competition arises between automatic response tendencies seeking expression. The prefrontal cortex appears to play an important role not only in determining which events are to be perceived but also which of the corresponding response dispositions is to be selected and actualized in overt behaviour. Thus, action selection is the outcome of competition between response tendencies in the context of prefrontal biasing signals that represent drives and strivings for goals. Action selection may be uncoupled from drives and strivings as a result of a lowering of the threshold for action selection--as is suggested to be the case in schizophrenic passivity phenomena--or due to disconnection from prefrontal regions--as may be the case in the alien limb syndrome.     

Reflecting on a journey of resilience in children’s blood and cancer nursing

Reflective practice is recognised as an integral part of being a highly skilled and successful health care professional. Many benefits have been identified from being a reflective practitioner including the opportunity for critical thinking, growing self-awareness and supporting individual resilience. There is a growing body of literature recognising the negative emotional impact that caring for children with cancer and blood disorders can have on health professionals. Currently there is an emerging interest in a more strengths-based approach focused on maintaining staff wellbeing. Resilience has been suggested as a framework for coping and maintaining wellbeing in areas, like children’s oncology and has been used as a term to describe the ‘surviving’ health professional. This paper explores the first author’s (GA) experiences of being a children’s oncology nurse and paediatric palliative care nurse specialist in the context of existing empirical and theoretical literature, with a particular focus on how GA developed resilience. Reflective examples of practice are used within the context of themes identified from a recent literature review exploring how resilience is defined within empirical literature.