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采用大学生生活满意度问卷、乐商问卷和心理韧性问卷,以466名大学生为被试,分析大学生乐商问卷的组成信度、收敛效度和区别效度以验证问卷的信效度。应用非参数Bootstrap法探究乐商与生活满意度的关系及心理韧性的中介作用。结果表明:(1)大学生乐商问卷信效度良好;(2)乐商、心理韧性与生活满意度相关显著;(3)心理韧性在乐商对生活满意度的影响中起中介作用。 相似文献
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问题的提出儿童的记忆能力是不断发展的,记忆策略在能力发展中起着巨大的作用.儿童个体之间在记忆能力上的差异,在很大程度上就是策略方面的差异.记忆策略包括有心理的或身体的活动,是主体在有意控制之下的、可以用来提高记忆操作的认识活动或行为活动.儿童在记忆活动的各个阶段(如对信息的编码、储存、提取等),都有可能使用一定的策略.弗拉韦尔等人对儿童记忆储存策略的应用进行了研究,发现儿童开始向主动应用储存策略过渡.本研究试图通过实验,观察比较学龄前和学龄初儿童记忆储存的特点. 相似文献
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针对以往研究对工作投入短期波动的影响因素缺乏关注的局限,本研究从个体内部和动态视角采用经验取样法探讨了工作投入短期波动的影响因素。通过对65个研究对象连续测量15个工作日的调查,获得了975份个体内数据。HLM分析结果显示:(1)在个体内水平,每日发展机会和乐观对当天工作投入均有显著正向影响;(2)每日乐观部分中介当天发展机会与工作投入之间的正向关系;(3)个体任务责任心正向调节每日乐观与当天工作投入之间的正向关系,并且还能调节每日乐观的中介效应。最后,我们对研究的理论贡献、实践启示和研究局限进行了讨论。 相似文献
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思维品质是在个体思维活动中智力特征的表现,它主要包括敏捷性、灵活性、深刻性、独创性和批判性五个方面,这五个方面反映了人与人之间思维的个性差异,是判断智力层次,确定一个人智力是正常、超常或低常的主要指标发展思维品质是发展智力的重大突破口,是减轻学生负担提高教学质量的好途径.自1986年开始,通过参加北京师范大学林崇德教授主持的《中学生数学能力的发展与培养》的教改实验,我们体会到在众多的培养学生思维品质的办法中,开展编题活动是一个简便易行收效快的好办法.在实践中我们摸索出一条通过编题活动促进学生思维品质发展的路子. 相似文献
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长久以来,人们习惯于凭智力测验对一个人的能力做出判断,并用之预测个体未来成就的高低。本文介绍了斯腾伯格(R.J.Stemberg)最近提出的“发展中的专门知识技能说”,认为智力测验和任何学业或职业成就测验一样,测的也是个体正在发展中的某种专门知识技能的暂时水平,其测验结果并不能说明一个人的能力,也不能用作预测。最后讨论了该学说对教育的启示。 相似文献
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Most clinical research assumes that modulation of facial expressions is lateralized predominantly across the right-left hemiface. However, social psychological research suggests that facial expressions are organized predominantly across the upper-lower face. Because humans learn to cognitively control facial expression for social purposes, the lower face may display a false emotion, typically a smile, to enable approach behavior. In contrast, the upper face may leak a person’s true feeling state by producing a brief facial blend of emotion, i.e. a different emotion on the upper versus lower face. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that upper facial emotions are processed preferentially by the right hemisphere under conditions of directed attention if facial blends of emotion are presented tachistoscopically to the mid left and right visual fields. This paper explores how facial blends are processed within the four visual quadrants. The results, combined with our previous research, demonstrate that lower more so than upper facial emotions are perceived best when presented to the viewer’s left and right visual fields just above the horizontal axis. Upper facial emotions are perceived best when presented to the viewer’s left visual field just above the horizontal axis under conditions of directed attention. Thus, by gazing at a person’s left ear, which also avoids the social stigma of eye-to-eye contact, one’s ability to decode facial expressions should be enhanced. 相似文献
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Past research has demonstrated that the presence of attitudinal diversity within a person’s social network increases his or her openness to attitude change. The current research explores whether this increased openness to attitude change is the result of relatively thoughtful or nonthoughtful processes. A nationally representative sample of US adults was exposed to a counter-attitudinal persuasive message that contained either strong or weak arguments. Attitudinal diversity within participants’ social networks was associated with greater argument quality differentiation: people embedded in networks that included a variety of views were more likely than those in attitudinally homogenous networks to carefully scrutinize attitude-relevant information, modifying their attitudes in response to strong but not weak arguments. 相似文献
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Amber McLarney-Vesotski Frank Bernieri Daniel Rempala 《Journal of research in personality》2011,45(4):398-400
Many personality traits have been proposed to predict a person’s ability to judge another. The predictive abilities found for these traits have been inconsistent. Funder and others (e.g.,
[Gilbert, 1989] and [Trope, 1986]) suggested that social knowledge, motivation to read others, and the ability to multitask are essential components of accurate judgment. In this study, we manipulated participants to be high or low in each of these characteristics and examined the impact of these manipulations on IPT-15 performance. As predicted, participants manipulated to be high in social knowledge, motivation to read others, and multitasking showed superior performance on the IPT-15 compared to participants in the corresponding low conditions. These results support Funder’s “good judge” construct as a predictor of judgmental accuracy. 相似文献
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Building on the assumption that interpersonal similarity is a form of social distance, the current research examines the manner in which similarity influences the representation and judgment of others’ actions. On the basis of a construal level approach, we hypothesized that greater levels of similarity would increase the relative weight of subordinate and secondary features of information in judgments of others’ actions. The results of four experiments showed that compared to corresponding judgments of a dissimilar target, participants exposed to a similar target person identified that person’s actions in relatively more subordinate means-related rather than superordinate ends-related terms (Experiment 1), perceived his or her actions to be determined more by feasibility and less by desirability concerns (Experiment 3), and gave more weight to secondary aspects in judgments of the target’s decisions (Experiment 2) and performance (Experiment 4). Implications for the study of interpersonal similarity, as well as social distance in general, are discussed. 相似文献
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Jennifer A. Chatman Alicia D. Boisnier Sandra E. Spataro Cameron Anderson Jennifer L. Berdahl 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2008
Being in the numeric minority (e.g., being a solo woman in a group of men) influences how well a person performs within a work group. But being the solo member is only one way in which people can be atypical in a group; a person can also represent a social or demographic category that has not typically been associated with the task that the group is working on. Using a design with four categories of group composition (minority, balanced, majority, homogeneous) and two categories of tasks (sex-typical, sex-atypical) we found that the sex composition of the group interacted with the sex typicality of the task to influence both positive deferrals by group members and individual performance in groups. But, rather than consistently reducing performance as prior research has suggested, being numerically atypical enhanced individual performance when the task was typical for that person’s sex. Further, positive deferrals mediated between the interaction of numeric composition and task typicality in influencing individual performance suggesting that both majority group members and the solo member affect one another’s performance in groups. We conclude by discussing why understanding the interplay between these two sources of stereotyping, numeric composition and task typicality, is important for understanding the social nature of individual performance in groups. 相似文献
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A crucial task in social interaction involves understanding subjective mental states. Here we report two experiments with toddlers exploring whether they can use statistical evidence to infer the subjective nature of preferences. We found that 2-year-olds were likely to interpret another person’s nonrandom sampling behavior as a cue for a preference different from their own. When there was no alternative in the population or if the sampling was random, 2-year-olds did not ascribe a preference and persisted in their initial beliefs that the person would share their own preference. We found similar but weaker patterns of responses in 16-month-olds. These results suggest that the ability to infer the subjectivity of preferences based on sampling information begins to emerge between 16 months and 2 years. Our findings provide some of the first evidence that from early in development, young children can use statistical evidence to make rational inferences about the social world. 相似文献
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Guido Peeters Marie-France Cammaert Janusz Czapinski 《International journal of psychology》1997,32(1):23-34
Using a variant of Weinstein's (1980) technique for the measurement of unrealistic optimism, subjects were classified as optimistic, realistic, or pessimistic about their chances of being confronted in the future with problems such as divorce, nervous breakdown, etc. On the basis of previous theory and research on cognition and affect, it was hypothesized that, across problems, subjects would alternate optimism with realism rather than with pessimism. Cross-cultural data obtained from 19 samples of Belgian, Moroccan, and Polish subjects not only confirmed the hypothesis but also showed high agreement about the nature of the problems that were selectively associated with optimism, realism and pessimism. 相似文献
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Jeffrey H. Boyd 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(3):366-385
Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to a person’s ability to understand that another person has his or her own unique way of thinking
and feeling. ToM is a well-known and rapidly expanding field of research in the neurosciences, cognitive, social sciences,
evolution, and brain imaging. This review article expands ToM into areas where there has not yet been research. We propose
that ToM could illuminate the relationship between religion/spirituality and health, and could provide the lingua franca for
the hundreds of schools of psychotherapy. We discern two different kinds of spirituality: personal versus impersonal. Empathy
is central to ToM research and is also central to mental health training and practice. ToM illuminates familiar topics in
a new light. For example ToM reveals a close link between psychology and spirituality in self-efficacy and locus of control
research. 相似文献