人格、社会支持与老年人需要的关系

本研究采用老年人需要问卷、艾森克人格问卷和领悟社会支持量表对天津市270名社区低龄老年人的需要及其满足度进行了调查,并采用相关、回归和路径分析的方法,考察人格、社会支持与老年人心理需要满足度的关系。研究结果显示:多数老年人的经济、人际、亲情、保健、尊重、认知、价值等需要得到了较好的满足;来自家人、朋友及他人的社会支持对老年人各种需要的满足度均有显著的正向预测作用;外向性人格对老年人的需要满足度有显著的正向预测作用,其影响以直接作用为主;神经质人格对老年人的需要满足度有显著的负向预测作用,其影响以社会支持为中介。     

社会支持与老年人受骗倾向的关系:一个有中介的调节模型

旨在考察社会支持与老年人受骗倾向的关系,以及孤独感、人际信任在其中的调节与中介作用。采用社会支持评定量表、情绪-社交孤独问卷、人际信任量表和自编的老年人受骗倾向问卷对198名老年人进行了调查。结果表明:(1)社会支持可以预测老年人的受骗倾向;(2)孤独感在社会支持与老年人受骗倾向的关系中有调节作用;(3)人际信任在孤独感调节社会支持与老年人受骗倾向的关系中起部分中介作用。这表明,改善老年人的孤独感、减少盲目信任他人可以有效降低老年人上当受骗的风险。     

社会支持对老年人社会幸福感的影响机制:希望与孤独感的中介作用

基于积极心理学,采用问卷调查法,对859名老年人进行调查,探讨社会支持对老年人社会幸福感的影响机制,并检验希望与孤独感的中介效应模型及其模型适用性,借此构建四个变量之间的关系模型,探索促进老年人心理健康发展的内在机制。结果表明:(1)社会支持、希望、孤独感与社会幸福感之间两两相关显著,社会支持、希望和孤独感是影响老年人社会幸福感的重要因素;(2)社会支持通过希望对社会幸福感影响的中介效应显著;(3)社会支持通过孤独感对社会幸福感影响的中介效应显著;(4)在同时检验希望和孤独感在社会支持影响社会幸福感的多重中介效应时,二者在社会支持和社会幸福感间均起部分中介作用。研究结果证实了社会支持影响社会幸福感及希望和孤独感部分中介作用的心理机制,为提高老年人心理健康水平提供了参考建议。     

优抚医院疗养对象的社会支持与幸福感的关系:心理健康的中介作用

考察优抚医院疗养对象的幸福感现状,探讨其心理健康、社会支持与幸福感的关系。采用老年人心理健康问卷、社会支持评定量表、纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表对103名平均年龄82.43岁的优抚医院疗养对象进行调查。结果表明:(1)优抚医院疗养对象的幸福感与全国常模无显著差异,心理健康水平与社会支持状况都显著低于对照组;(2)优抚医院疗养对象的社会支持、心理健康水平和幸福感各维度之间存在显著正相关;(3)心理健康在社会支持对幸福感的影响中起中介作用;心理健康的情绪体验维度在客观支持对幸福感的影响中起部分中介作用。     

大学生网络社会支持与网络人际信任的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

从社会认知理论的视角来探讨网络社会支持和网络人际信任的关系,并在此基础上提出了一个有调节的中介模型,考察网络社交效能的中介作用以及自尊的调节作用.采用整群抽样法对432名大学生进行问卷调查,结果表明:(1)网龄对网络人际信任有显著的负向预测作用;网络社会支持对网络人际信任具有显著正向预测作用;(2)网络社交效能在网络社会支持与网络人际信任的关系中起部分中介作用;(3)网络社会支持通过网络社交效能对网络人际信任的间接效应受到自尊的调节.对高自尊个体而言,网络社交效能起部分中介作用;对低自尊个体而言,网络社交效能的中介效应不显著,网络社会支持对网络人际信任只有直接作用.     

父母依恋对大学生人际适应的影响

应用自编大学生父母依恋问卷、亲子联结问卷、自尊量表、信任他人量表、人际能力问卷、领悟社会支持量表对251名大学生施测,对自编依恋问卷进行构想效度分析,并建立父母依恋影响大学生人际适应的路径模型。结果表明：1）大学生父母依恋问卷构想效度良好;2）父母依恋对人际能力、社会支持感知既有显著的直接效应,又以自尊、信任他人为中介产生间接效应;3）父母依恋对大学生人际适应有显著影响,依恋的内部工作模型理论具有跨文化适应性。     

领悟社会支持在老年人的居住地情感认同和控制感之间的中介作用：一个纵向模型

本研究以281名老年人为研究对象，探讨了城市变迁中的老年人居住地情感认同、领悟社会支持和控制感的关系。研究使用居住地情感认同问卷、领悟社会支持问卷和控制感问卷为研究工具，采用每次间隔6个月，共3次的纵向追踪设计。结果发现：老年人的居住地情感认同可以正向预测领悟社会支持，老年人的领悟社会支持可以正向预测控制感，老年人的领悟社会支持在居住地情感认同和控制感之间起纵向中介作用。本研究结果揭示了城市老年居民的居住地情感认同对控制感的影响机制，也对提升城市老年居民的控制感具有一定的实践意义。     

大学生网络社会支持与网络利他行为的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

以武汉三所高校大一至大四491名全日制大学生为被试,采用《大学生网络社会支持问卷》、《自尊量表》、《网络空间人际信任问卷》和《大学生网络利他行为量表》进行问卷调查,对大学生的网络利他行为、网络社会支持、自尊以及网络人际关系情况进行调查,探讨自尊是否在网络社会支持和网络利他行为之间存在中介作用,以及这个过程是否受到网络人际信任的调节。结果显示： （1）大学生网络社会支持能够显著正向预测网络利他行为;（2）自尊在网络社会支持和网络利他行为的关系之间起部分中介作用;（3）网络人际信任在网络社会支持与自尊之间起调节作用。即在高网络人际信任水平下,网络社会支持能正向影响个体自尊水平;在低网络人际信任水平下,网络社会支持对个体自尊的影响不显著。     

共情对灾后青少年亲社会行为的影响：感恩、社会支持和创伤后成长的中介作用

以雅安地震极重灾区芦山县的542名中学生为被试, 在地震发生3.5年后, 采用人际反应指数量表测查被试的共情能力, 并在震后4.5年采用感恩问卷、社会关系网络问卷、创伤后成长问卷和亲社会行为问卷测查被试的感恩、社会支持、创伤后成长(posttraumatic growth, PTG)和亲社会行为, 从追踪的视角考察地震后青少年的共情能力对亲社会行为的影响, 并探讨感恩、社会支持和创伤后成长(PTG)在其中的中介作用。结果显示, 共情可直接正向预测亲社会行为; 共情对亲社会行为的预测可分别通过感恩、社会支持和PTG的中介进行; 共情还可以分别通过感恩经社会支持、感恩经PTG、社会支持经PTG、感恩经社会支持再经PTG的链式中介对亲社会行为起到正向预测作用。这一发现提示, 未来的创伤后心理辅导工作应更加关注青少年的积极心理和社会行为的发展。     

父母行为控制、心理控制与高中生消极社会适应的关系：人际自立和校园排斥的序列中介作用

基于自我决定理论和人与环境互动理论,研究考察了父母行为控制、心理控制与高中生消极社会适应的关系,以及人际自立与校园排斥的中介效应。采用父母控制问卷、青少年人际自立量表、青少年校园排斥问卷、消极社会适应问卷对辽宁省3所中学的1209名高中生进行施测。结果发现:(1)父母行为控制对高中生消极社会适应无明显预测作用,心理控制对消极社会适应具有正向预测作用;(2)人际自立和校园排斥在父母控制与消极社会适应之间发挥中介作用。具体而言,父母行为控制只能通过人际自立的单独作用以及人际自立与校园排斥的序列中介作用预测高中生消极社会适应;父母心理控制既能直接预测消极社会适应,还能分别通过人际自立和校园排斥的单独作用,以及人际自立与校园排斥的序列中介作用预测高中生消极社会适应。研究最终梳理出一条“父母教养→人格发展→人际反馈→适应结果”的理论作用机制。     

An Investigation of Quality of Life of the Elderly in South Africa, with Specific Reference to Mpumalanga Province

This paper is based on a research study that investigated the quality of life of elderly persons (aged 60 years and over) in South Africa in the wake of population aging, HIV/AIDS, the process of modernization which ushered in new challenges and the legacy of apartheid. A combination of all these factors among others has played a major role in lowering the quality of life of senior citizens in South Africa. For effective measurement purposes, a conceptual framework of broad categories of quality of life indicators for this proportion of the population are identified as: household structure, social inclusion, care of older persons and care burden on the elderly. Under these broad categories we investigate such specific indicators as: general health; satisfaction with basic needs of food, clothing and housing; emotional well-being; and their environmental harmony regarding access to amenities of transport, sanitation, safe water and security. The influence of socio-demographic factors on the above indicators is also examined. The long term goal of the study is to provide guidance for more creative policies including strategies of poverty reduction, housing older people in a dignified way and providing a wide range of options that facilitate healthy aging, in so doing, catering for the best interests and needs of senior citizens in South Africa. A representative sample of size 900 randomly selected elderly persons in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa is used. Structured interviews and direct observation are used to collect data, and bivariate statistical analyses performed.     

城市退休老年人居家养老消费心理研究

针对当前我国老龄化社会所面临的养老方式难题:家庭养老基础不再牢靠,社会机构养老补充不够充分,推行社区居家养老仍有一定困难;就宁波市退休老年人对居家养老服务的消费心理现状进行了问卷调查和访谈调查。结果发现:退休老年人对居家养老服务的消费意愿不强、消费预期也不容乐观。研究认为,应认真分析这一问题的原因,并加强退休老年人对居家养老服务消费心理的引导。     

中国城镇低龄退休老年人工作与幸福感的关系

为探讨老年人工作与幸福感的关系,并对其机制作出解释,本研究利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,选取具有城镇户籍、60~69周岁的男性和50~69周岁的女性,形成3406人的样本,通过独立样本t检验和回归发现,我国城镇低龄退休老年人工作与幸福感负相关;交互效应分析指出这种关系随着老年人社会地位的提高逐渐弱化;工作对幸福感的中介效应分析结果显示,经济收入、人际交往、积极心态中介效应不显著,闲暇活动中介效应显著。因此,由前三者构成的工作对幸福感的正效应无法抵消因为闲暇损失所造成的负效应。     

Leisure Satisfaction Mediates the Relationships between Leisure Settings,Subjective Well-Being,and Depression among Middle-Aged Adults in Urban China

This study examined the role played by leisure satisfaction in the relationship between leisure settings (built and natural), subjective well-being, and depression among midlife residents of urban China. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze this conceptual model, exploring data taken from a representative sample of 663 Chinese urban middle-aged citizens included in the 2014 Chinese Leisure Study. Additionally, leisure satisfaction was tested as a mediator between leisure in nature and subjective well-being. The results indicate that leisure satisfaction mediates the relationship between specific leisure settings (i.e., leisure in nature and outdoor recreation), subjective well-being, and depression. The results therefore contribute to the literature by providing evidence of the relationship between leisure settings, subjective well-being, and depression through identification of the positive effects of leisure on nature. Future health interventions should therefore highlight the advantages of urban green spaces.

     

Life Care Ministry:

As St. John's Lutheran Church in Stamford, Connecticut recognized that senior citizens comprised about 18% of its membership, the congregation decided to hire a full-time staff person to develop and direct a ministry program with the elderly. The program offers group meetings, information and referral, direct services, and visitation. It provides spiritual, educational, and fellowship opportunities, and supports the elderly's independence. Instruction about aging, and involvement of younger members in this ministry, has drawn the congregation together with a sense of understanding, community, and mutual responsibility. St. John's approach demonstrates the important role churches can have in the support network of the elderly.     

Urban American Indian Community Perspectives on Resources and Challenges for Youth Suicide Prevention

American Indian (AI) youth have some of the highest rates of suicide of any group in the United States, and the majority of AI youth live in urban areas away from tribal communities. As such, understanding the resources available for suicide prevention among urban AI youth is critical, as is understanding the challenges involved in accessing such resources. Pre‐existing interview data from 15 self‐identified AI community members and staff from an Urban Indian Health Organization were examined to understand existing resources for urban AI youth suicide prevention, as well as related challenges. A thematic analysis was undertaken, resulting in three principal themes around suicide prevention: formal resources, informal resources, and community values and beliefs. Formal resources that meet the needs of AI youth were viewed as largely inaccessible or nonexistent, and youth were seen as more likely to seek help from informal sources. Community values of mutual support were thought to reinforce available informal supports. However, challenges arose in terms of the community's knowledge of and views on discussing suicide, as well as the perceived fit between community values and beliefs and formal prevention models.     

Mobility,Cognitions, and panic

Responses to the Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia and the Cognitions Questionnaire were compared from samples of agoraphobics, social phobics, senior citizens, students, and students' relatives. The data illustrate the occurrence of avoidant behavior and panic in groups other than agoraphobics. The Mobility Inventory was shown to have good discriminative power, but the Cognitions Questionnaire failed to discriminate between agoraphobics and social phobics. The relationship of panic to mobility and cognitions is considered.     

Immigration Enforcement Policies and the Mental Health of US Citizens: Findings from a Comparative Analysis

We examined the differential impact of having a family member, friend, or co-worker/community member detained or deported on the mental health of US citizens. In 2019, a sample of 3446 adult participants of White, Black, and Latinx racial/ethnic descent were recruited to complete an online questionnaire. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 to screen for anxiety, depression, and psychological distress. Analyses were restricted to US citizens (n = 3282). Multivariable logistic and linear regressions were conducted to examine the mental health of US citizens who reported personally knowing a migrant who has been detained or deported and by their relationship to the migrant, overall and among Latinxs only. Among US citizens, 32% reported personally knowing someone who has been detained or deported. In multivariable analyses, US citizens who personally knew a detained or deported migrant were more likely to report anxiety, depression, and greater psychological distress. Associations were more pronounced among those who reported having a family member detained or deported. US-citizen Latinxs with social ties to migrants who have been detained or deported were especially more likely to report poor mental health than White and Latinx participants who did not personally know a migrant who has been detained or deported. It is critical that policy makers consider the potential mental health harms on migrants and its own citizens when designing policies targeting migrant communities.     

Analysis of Behavior in Forming a Joint Enterprise in Senior Citizens’ Communities of Practice

The aim of this article is to examine the joint enterprise, one of the three keys to form a Community of Practice (CoP) for senior citizens. The researchers visited all the Toy Clinic Shops in Taiwan and employed both semi-structured interview and observation methods to explore how the elderly volunteers form their joint enterprise within these CoPs. This article presents findings that the CoPs for elderly serve as effective knowledge bases to carry intergenerational learning. Elderly education is not just something to do with the senior citizens’ professional knowledge but the formation and reformation of their value. Key elements to form joint enterprise are identified, while suggestions to facilitators are given. The research advances our understanding of applying CoPs to the field of senior adults’ development and provides suggestions on organizing CoPs for elderly volunteers.     

RELATIONSHIP VIOLENCE AMONG ADOLESCENT MOTHERS: FREQUENCY, DYADIC NATURE, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR RELATIONSHIP DISSOLUTION AND MENTAL HEALTH

This article examines whether the frequency, dyadic nature, and potential implications of relationship violence differ in parenting ( n = 163) and nulliparous (i.e., never given birth; n = 165) adolescent females from low-income, urban communities. We found the frequency and dyadic nature of violence did not differ between parental status groups. Over half of the adolescents in both groups reported relationship violence in the past year, with female-enacted violence more common than male-enacted violence. However, significant group differences emerged in the relationship between violence and subsequent relationship dissolution and mental health. Higher levels of female-enacted violence predicted relationship dissolution among nulliparous adolescents but predicted increases in depression in parenting adolescents. Findings highlight the need for violence prevention programs tailored specifically to the developmental and contextual needs of adolescent mothers.