建立医学生医患沟通能力培养体系的设想

随着医学模式的转变以及人们法律意识的不断增强,医疗服务理念已逐渐由"以医生为中心"转变为"以患者为中心",提高医学生医患沟通能力在医学教育中也日益重要。设想建立一个适合国情、科学有效、可操作性强的医学生医患沟通能力培养体系,以推进医学教育改革的不断发展。     

融入心理学技术的医患沟通技能实践课程初探

随着医学模式的转变,对医学生的医患沟通技能提出了更高的要求,传统的教学模式已不能满足学生的需要,基于心理学知识背景,提出了融入心理学技术的医患沟通实践课程新体系,以“角色扮演”法为主要教学载体,以团体活动为主要教学形式,进行了初步的课程教学探索.     

哈佛医学院临床沟通技能教学评估的经验及启示

介绍了哈佛医学院贯穿医学本科教育全程之医患沟通课程教学与评估一体化评估模式的产生背景,其基于课程整合理念,汲取医患沟通卡拉马祖共识声明的成果,修订了哈佛医学院沟通量表并以美国内科协会的病人满意度量表作为工具,制定了一个针对不同学习阶段的医学生的评估要求与考核方法的评估框架,以期切实强化医学生的沟通能力,确保沟通课程的实效性。该模式对我国正处于初步探索阶段的医患沟通教育与培训有着重大启示,但其在我国面临着"硬件"落后、"软件"欠缺、缺乏激励机制三大应用困境。     

医患沟通技能训练与考核模式的探索

我国医学生医患沟通技能培养一直是医学教育的薄弱环节,缺乏客观、公正、标准的沟通技能考核方法.分析案例或案例讨论、课堂情景模拟、门急诊导医、病房陪护、应用标准化病人与标准化家属进行医学生医患沟通能力的培训及考核,对提高医学生沟通能力大有裨益.     

构建"医患沟通学"的思考与探索

中国医患关系紧张的原因涉及观念、国情、法制、政策、制度、医疗方式等.构建"医患沟通学"有重要的意义:医患迫切需要恢复和谐信任关系;新型医学模式变革、医学人才的培养及医学发展等更需要搭建"医患沟通"新的研究平台,并完善其理论.医患沟通实践与研究的过程,就是临床教师、医务卫生人员提高医学人文素质和实践能力的新途径.     

谈医学生的医患沟通能力培养

以病人为中心,构建和谐的医患关系,避免和减少医患之间的矛盾,为患者提供人性化的医疗保健服务,将成为21世纪医院创新经营的关键。而建立和谐的医患关系,不仅有利于医患双方个体的信任合作及关系融洽,更重要的是它能推动医学发展和社会进步,是一个意义重大而深远的理论与实践问题。因此,传统的医学教育模式亟待调整以适应新的形势发展需要,医学院校不仅要重视对医学生专业知识和操作技能的传授,还应加强对医学生沟通能力的培养和训练。     

医学生医患沟通教学改革的探索性研究

为了解医学生对当前医患沟通教学现状的认识及对改革的建议,为促进医患沟通教学改革提供依据,通过自行设计的《医患沟通教学模式问卷调查表》对某高校医学院进行随机问卷调查,结果显示,85%的学生都认为加强医患沟通教育是提高医学生医患沟通能力的有效途径,当前国内医患沟通的教学仍以传统的讲授式教学法为主,虽以案例导入的教学逐步增多,但在培养学生自主学习能力方面的教学仍严重缺乏。因此,医患沟通教育应以提高学生自主学习能力为导向,加强医患沟通技能考核相结合的方式改革。     

医学院校加强医患沟通教育探索

我国目前的医患沟通教育依然存在一些问题,如课程设置重医学专业教育轻人文素质教育,医患沟通课程的师资队伍与人才培养目标还有较大差距,没有把医患沟通教育融入到医学专业课教学和临床带教中,医学考试中重医疗技术考核轻医患沟通技能评估。基于此,提出解决这些问题的途径,在医学基础知识学习阶段,系统性地开设医患沟通类课程;加强医患沟通课程的师资队伍建设,提高教学质量;在医学专业课教学中融入医患沟通的内容;拓展医学生岗前培训的内容;注重临床带教,加强实际的医患沟通;提高医学生的专业技术水平,增强沟通的信心;注重职业礼仪教育,营造良好的沟通氛围,完善医学生的考核评价体系。     

医学教学中的医患沟通教育

医患沟通教育是现代医学生的必修科目,良好的沟通技巧是降低医患纠纷的重要手段.培养适合现代社会需要、具有良好沟通能力的高素质医学生是医学院校的根本目标.从理论上和实际角度阐述了医学教育中加强医患沟通教育的重要性,提出了改革医患沟通教育教学方法的建议,为提高医疗服务质量、构建和谐医患关系打下了良好基础.     

医患沟通技能训练与考核模式的探索

我国医学生医患沟通技能培养一直是医学教育的薄弱环节,缺乏客观、公正、标准的沟通技能考核方法。分析案例或案例讨论、课堂情景模拟、门急诊导医、病房陪护、应用标准化病人与标准化家属进行医学生医患沟通能力的培训及考核,对提高医学生沟通能力大有裨益。     

From Freud to Gehrig to Rapaport to DiMaggio

Lacking the size, talent, and speed to play shortstop for the New York Yankees, I chose instead to become a psychologist/psychoanalyst. Yet, baseball and psychoanalysis share much in common. Each is played in the inner diamonds of one's mind, values the past and what is passing, and requires a strong work ethic. Both are timeless and involve an almost boring leisureliness between occasional moments of crisis. Then too, each calls for an attitude of consistency and patience and a responsibility to do one's best. From my parents and brother to my wife and son and his family, from my teachers and supervisors to my colleagues, and from Menninger to the Society for Personality Assessment (SPA), I feel deeply grateful for the partners and teammates I have and have had.     

Minors' competence to consent to abortion

In the light of legal restrictions in some states, the psychological evidence for whether adolescents are competent to give informed consent to abortion is reviewed. It would be important to know whether competence to decide on pregnancy outcome reflects maturity to be a parent; further, whether degrees of maturity can be traced throughout adolescence. Research shows that parents, not peers, are major sources of advice for minors' abortion decisions. Younger and less competent minors are more likely to consult parents than older, mature minors. There is no evidence that adolescent issues or developmental tasks influence pregnancy decisions. Decision making competence does not differ from that of adults, except as affected by the living situation of the adolescent. Decision performance does differ: minors are more likely to consider their present family's opinion, and not consider future risks, than are adults. The sparse research available on this problem provides no basis for restricting minors' decision making on the ground of competence alone.     

Reply to Letter to the Editor

The current policy of the National Institute of Health designed to increase the participation of women and minorities is radically different from previous policies designed to protect minorities from abuses in research studies. The principal arguments to support this policy are twofold: 1) Increased representation of minorities and women in research would increase the generalizability of research data and allow for valid analyses of differences in subpopulations; and 2) being in a clinical research study is advantageous to participants regardless of the final research study results. It remains unclear whether minorities find these arguments compelling. Instead of telling minorities that participation in research is good for them, the research community should focus on understanding what minority communities want from clinical research and then tailoring the message to meet this need. Persuasive arguments to promote long-term increased representation of minorities in clinical research must come from within minority communities.     

Limitations to the capacity to love

This paper is a meditation on the potential and problems of establishing and maintaining loving and passionate relationships, drawn from a lifetime of struggling with these issues in the course of doing analysis. It describes interferences with the capacity for mature sexual love as reflecting various psychopathological conditions. These limitations include a variety of psychological restrictions determined most frequently by masochistic, narcissistic and paranoid personality features. Clinical case material illustrates both mature and disturbed capability for love relations.     

How Not to Apply to College

Samples of letters written by college students are excerpted to demonstrate the deterioration of students' writing skills. The relative unimportance many college students and graduates attach to the art of writing letters of inquiry is emphasized. A checklist is provided to assist students in preparing letters requesting information from colleges and universities.