试论戴震的语言哲学思想

本文着重考察戴震的语言哲学思想,认定他的语言哲学开创了中国哲学的新转向,形成了不同于宋明理学,甚至也不同于清初哲学形态的人文实证主义哲学思考方式.其语言哲学思想主要体现在四个方面:第一,区分了"指其实体实事之名"与"称夫纯美精好之名"的两类之名.第二,在讨论何者为"道"的哲学形上学问题时,首次引入语言学的句法分析,对古代汉语中谓语动词"之谓"与"谓之"在句子中的不同作用给出了明确的区分.第三,在批评宋明儒的思想同时,还引进了语词分析、句子意涵分析和文本中的言语脉络分析等具体的语言学技术性方法.第四,直接从文字训诂与语言分析入手来重新解释儒家经典的哲学意义,以语言学的实证方式追求哲学的形上之道.使其哲学既与宋明理学者从哲学思考路径出发来重新诠释儒家经典的致思方式不同,也与20世纪西方语言哲学拒斥形而上学的目标不同,从而形成了18世纪中国哲学的语言学转向的自身特点.     

《易传》与道家哲学思想之比较

《易传》与道家哲学思想之比较丁原明近几年来,陈鼓应先生曾多次撰文将《易传》视为“较近于道家系统的著作”,并力主道家思想为《易传》哲学思想的“主要骨干”。受陈说之启发,笔者对《易传》哲学与以老子为代表的道家哲学作了粗略对照,初步认为《易传》作为解经之作...     

《中庸》教育哲学思想探微

在先秦儒家的经典中,除《周易》外,要数《中庸》的哲学意味较浓。《中庸》原为小戴《礼记》49篇中的第31篇。宋代的二程、朱熹为了突出其在儒家经典中的地位,将其单独列出,与《大学》、《论语》、《孟子》合称为“四书”,并认为它是接受孔门传授心法的子思所作。从内容看,《中庸》主要论述的是儒家的人生哲学和修身之道,专门论述教育的仅有数处,因此,其教育思想往往为人们所忽视。然而,正是在这寥寥数语中,却蕴涵了深刻的教育哲学思想。这些教育哲学思想对当前的教育改革和教育实践依然具有重要的借鉴作用。教育哲学的内容主要包括两个方面:…     

《中国现代资产阶级哲学思想述评》即将出版

吉林大学哲学系吕希晨同志撰写的《中国现代资产阶级哲学思想述评》一书已经脱稿,即将由吉林人民出版社出版。《中国现代资产阶级哲学思想述评》是作者近年来研究中国现代资产阶级哲学思想的初步成果。全书共分十讲:一、胡适派的实用主义哲学;二、梁漱溟的“生命派哲学”;三、张君劢的柏格森主义与丁文江的马赫主义;四、戴季陶主义的“民生哲学”;五、国家主义     

邓小平经济哲学思想论纲

邓小平理论作为当代中国的马克思主义,其主要内容,是关于我国社会主义经济建设的思想和理论。而邓小平经济哲学思想,则是对邓小平有关社会主义经济建设思想理论的概括和提炼,是贯穿在这些思想理论中的最基本的立场、观点和方法。邓小平经济哲学思想是以“三个有利于”为根本的建设哲学。以“三个有利于”为根本,是邓小平经济哲学的根本立场和根本观点。“三个有利于”既是真理尺度,又是价值尺度,是真理与价值的统一,是科学主义精神和人道主义理想的有机统一。“三个有利于”集中反映了社会历史根本规律和马克思主义基本价值取向,代表着马克…     

论张岱年哲学思想的理论特色

一 "中国现代哲学"经过漫长的历史过程已逐渐走向成熟,其内容也已基本确定.胡适、梁漱溟、熊十力、金岳霖、冯友兰、贺麟、张岱年、李达等人都是"中国现代哲学"必须要研究的重点人物.从这一学科目前发展的状况来看,对于胡适、梁漱溟、熊十力、金岳霖、冯友兰、贺麟、李达等人的研究相对说来较为深入和系统,研究的著作也颇为丰富,对于他们的哲学思想在中国现代哲学史上的贡献和地位也有着比较明确的定位.但对张岱年哲学思想的研究则显得不够深入系统,对其哲学思想的贡献和特性也缺乏有说服力的阐述,因此对他的哲学思想尚有深入系统研究的空间.     

《淮南子》对《管子》四篇哲学思想的继承和发展

《淮南子》对《管子》四篇哲学思想的继承和发展丁原明《淮南子》（又名《淮南鸿烈》）是淮南王刘安招集宾客集体撰写的一部著作，约成于武帝建元二年（前１３９年），汉志把它列为杂家。表面看来，《淮南子》与代表先秦齐稷下道家哲学思想的《管子》书中的《心术》上下、...     

荀子语言哲学思想发微

荀子在总结发展名辩思潮和认知哲学成果的过程中,创立了自己的语言哲学思想。其内容精深,体系初成,与其“一天下”的社会理想相呼应,与其“正名实”的逻辑哲学相发明,与其“缘天官”的认知哲学相补充,具有可贵的创造性和世界范围的先进性,在中国思想史乃至世界思想史上都产生了深远的影响,理应受到国人的珍视。     

从《晏子春秋》看晏婴的哲学思想

晏婴作为一个深受太史公司马迁赞誉的先秦齐国贤相,其事迹大多记载在《晏子春秋》之中。本文以《晏子春秋》为基本依据,以《左传》记载为印证,就晏婴的哲学思想进行了探讨,认为晏婴的哲学思想突出表现在其倡导并实践的对事物的朴素辩证思维以及轻鬼神重人事的无神观上。同时,本文还对晏婴哲学思想的时代局限性和对中国现当代的影响进行了初步探析。     

胡适哲学思想研究

自党的十一届三中全会以来,许多中国近现代哲学史研究者,有感于过去对胡适的实用主义哲学有全盘否定的倾向,对其历史地位的评价也有偏颇之处,所以重视了对胡适哲学思想作全面的、科学的研究。而且,这一研究还影响着对中国资产阶级哲学研究的开展和突破,因此,近年来胡适哲学思想更吸引着许多研究者的注意力。现将研究情况综述于后1、自然观关于胡适的自然观,代表性意见有三:吕希晨为第一种意见的代表,他认     

早期现代哲学中的语言问题

The view of language is greatly changed from early modern philosophy to later modern philosophy and to postmodern philosophy. The linguistic question in early modern philosophy, which is characterized by rationalism and empiricism, is discussed in this paper. Linguistic phenomena are not at the center of philosophical reflections in early modern philosophy. The subject of consciousness is at the center of the philosophy, which makes language serve purely as an instrument for representing thoughts. Locke, Leibniz and Descartes consider language from a representationalist point of view. To them, language itself is idealized and represents thought as if it were thought representing itself. Like the structural linguist Saussure, the founders of phenomenology and analytical philosophy give much attention to the logical or static structure of language, and stick up for the representationalism of early modern philosophy. However, their successors refuse to accept this attitude, meaning the final collapse of representationalism. Translated by Cui Zengbao and Yang Dachun from Zhexue Yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Research), 2007, (8): 62–67     

Studies in analytic philosophy in China

This essay explores the history of studies in analytical philosophy in China since the beginning of the last century, by dividing into three phases. It shows that, in these phases, analytic philosophy was always at a disadvantage in confronting serious challenges coming from both Chinese traditional philosophy and modern philosophical trends. The authors argue that Chinese philosophers have both done preliminary studies and offered their own analyses of various problems as well as some new applications of analytic philosophy especially in the latest period. Meanwhile, Chinese traditional philosophy was always trying to adjust its cultural mentality in the struggle with analytic philosophy, and accommodated in its own way the rationalistic spirit and scientific method represented in analytic philosophy.     

《易传》伦理思想研究

与战国这一中国社会由奴隶制向封建制过渡的历史时期相联系,这一时期的哲学和伦理思想也呈现出了整合、统一的特征.<易传>就是最能彰显这一时代特征的重要著作之一.t易传>是先秦伦理思想的集大成者,它所提出并系统阐发的道德起源论、道德原则论、道德规范论和道德评价论,奠定了中国伦理思想的基本格局,对后来的中国伦理思想的发展产生了深远的影响,在伦理思想史上具有重要的地位.     

Stylistic appearances and linguistic diversity

Philosophy is beginning to pay problems of linguistic justice the attention they deserve in today's heavily interconnected and migrant world. Contemporary philosophy itself, however, has a particular problem of linguistic justice that deserves metaphilosophical attention. At least in the philosophical tradition that is mainstream in much of the world today, viz., analytic philosophy, methodological and sociological mechanisms make it the case that the voices of non-(native) Anglophone philosophers are substantially less heard. Among the mechanisms responsible for this situation, argues this paper, is the emphasis given by influential philosophical institutions to linguistic style and appearances as signs of clarity, precision, and rigour in the treatment of philosophical problems. Such an emphasis is not justifiable, in part because it deprives philosophy of a wider variety of perspectives. The paper concludes by presenting and motivating a recent initiative that aims to foster greater linguistic and cultural diversity within the profession.     

Comparing language and religion in normative arguments about linguistic justice

Many of the most influential theorists of linguistic justice make arguments on the basis of comparisons between language and religion. They claim either that (1) language, by contrast with religion, cannot be separated from the state or that (2) unequal official linguistic recognition, just like unequal official religious recognition, is morally problematic. This article argues that careful attention to debates about liberalism and the place of religion in public life invites us to question the two above-mentioned liberal assumptions about religion underlying many arguments concerning linguistic justice based on (dis)analogies between language and religion. The hope is that such critical scrutiny is likely to shed some light on normative questions of linguistic justice, more precisely on questions about the legitimacy of granting more recognition to certain languages, usually those of national native groups (as opposed to groups resulting from more or less recent immigration).     

Militant linguistics and philosophy of reforms in Italy

Theory of language is an important factor in the plans of political and educational reform drawn by Italian philosophers of the eighteenth century. Analysis of language is a technique they often resort to when discussing the foundations of political philosophy and the ways and means of social communication. Interesting suggestions concerning philosophy of language can be found in the works of writers on political economy and philosophy of jurisprudence (Antonio Genovesi, Gaetano Filangieri, Cesare Beccaria, Melchiorre Gioia, Gian Domenico Romagnosi, among others), where subjects such as abuse of words and linguistic arbitrarism are connected to theoretical and practical problems of the transition from feudal to bourgeois régime.     

Chinese philosophy: A characterization

This article offers a synthetic characterization of Chinese philosophy based on an analytical reconstruction of its main traditions and thinking. Three main traditions in Chinese philosophy, Confucianism, Taoism and Chinese Buddhism, are depicted and discussed, together with some comments on Chinese Marxism in the contemporary scene. Four characteristics of Chinese philosophy are presented: intrinsic humanism, concrete rationalism, organic naturalism, and a pragmatism of self‐cultivation. It is clear from the discussion that these four characteristics are interrelated and mutually supporting and thus should be better understood in the context of one another. Many open problems of philosophy, such as transcendence, evil, logic, and theoretical knowledge, are raised by an inquiry into Chinese philosophy. If Chinese philosophy serves to make us critically aware of these problems and to provide alternative ways of thinking, we are more than justified in presenting Chinese philosophy as a philosophy of universal concern and universal significance.     

The linguistic repudiation of Wundt

Wilhelm Wundt's influence on the development of linguistics and psychology was pervasive. The foundations for this web of influence on the sciences of mind and language were laid down in Wundt's own research program, which was quite different from other attempts at founding a new psychology, as it was deeply rooted in German philosophy. This resulted in certain gaps in Wundt's conception of mind and language. These gaps provoked a double repudiation of Wundt's theories, by linguists and psychologists. The psychological repudiation has been studied by historians of psychology, and the linguistic repudiation has been studied by historians of linguistics. The intent of this article is to bring the linguistic repudiation to the attention of historians of psychology, especially the one outlined by two important figures in the history of psychology: Karl Buhler and George Mead.     

Structural linguistic injustice

This paper develops a concept of structural linguistic injustice. By employing the so-called structural-injustice approach, it argues that individuals' seemingly harmless language attitudes and language choices might enable serious harms on a collective level, constituting what one could call a structural linguistic injustice. Section 1 introduces the linguistic-justice debate. By doing so, it establishes linguistic diversity as the context in which phenomena such as individuals' language attitudes, language choice, and language loss occur. Moreover, the paper illustrates why employing the structural-injustice approach might be beneficial for the linguistic-justice debate. Section 2 conceptualizes individuals' (certain types of) language attitudes and language choice as (objectionable) social structures. Section 3 provides a concept of structural linguistic injustice. Section 4 suggests one possible remedy for structural linguistic injustice. Section 5 concludes the paper.     

《易传》与道家哲学的可通约性

<易传>和道家是先秦哲学中最具形上学思维能力的哲学流派.尽管<易传>的"尚刚"和道家的"贵柔"代表了中国传统哲学的两大方向,体现了儒道二家各自的价值取向和人生态度,然而,当<易传>和道家哲学在寻求终极性的形上学根源时,却不约而同地运用了类似的思想方法,即在形而上的"道"论中走到了一起.本文从传统形上学的本原论、本体论和体用论等方面,试图阐释这两家哲学的可通约性.<易传>和道家的形上学之所以能够相互贯通,是因为<易传>和道家的哲学处在同一个层次上以阐释其价值观念和政治理想,也就是说,"性与天道"是道家的形上学,也是儒家的形上学,不是那一家的"专利".正因为这样,儒道二家才有可能在魏晋玄学和宋代理学中走向新的沟通和融合.