顾颉刚与现代伊斯兰教学术研究

顾颉刚早期认为伊斯兰教已经融入中国文化中,在参与修订、标点和编辑陈垣的《元西域人华化考》后,加深了对西域人(包括穆斯林和基督教徒)华化的认识;在前往泉州、广州考察后,对穆斯林民间关于伊斯兰教入华的历史叙事提出质疑;在与穆斯林的交往中,他发现该群体是中华民族复兴的主要力量之一;在倡导伊斯兰教研究的同时,呼吁设立伊斯兰教研究机构或在国立大学设立伊斯兰教或阿拉伯语的课程,被政治高层采纳并付诸实施。在推动现代伊斯兰教学术研究及研究机构的设置方面,顾颉刚扮演了重要的角色。     

基督教与中国文化(续十四)

从唐贞观（公元635年）以降,基督教先后四度入华。先是景教在唐朝传入,接着是天主教在元代的传播,到明末清初天主教再次入华,然后基督教新教于19世纪初来到中国。基督教在中国的传播,在不同时期均面对着多层次多方面的挑战。但如何处理基督教与中国文化的关系,成为自景教以来,基督教在中国传播不可回避的一个关键问题。     

第三届伊斯兰教与基督教对话学术研讨会综述

<正>2013年10月18—19日,由华中师范大学东西方文化交流研究中心和中国近代史研究所、宁夏社会科学院回族伊斯兰研究所、中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所及香港建道神学院基督教与中国文化研究中心联合举办的"第三届伊斯兰教与基督教对话学术研讨会"在华中师范大学逸夫会议中心召开,本次会议主题为:本土经验:中国伊斯兰教与基督教的相遇和对话。有来自北京、宁夏、新疆、兰州、河南、南京、浙江、上海、广州、云南、香港等地的30余名学者参加了学术研讨会。     

宗教知识的诠释与研究者的立场——为《全球化视野与中国化语境——名家谈中国伊斯兰教与研究》而作

正2020年4月,《全球化视野与中国化语境——名家谈中国伊斯兰教与研究》一书由宗教文化出版社出版。这是一部讨论伊斯兰教相关话题的学者访谈录。之所以冠以"全球化视野与中国化语境"主题,一是基于伊斯兰教的国际性特点,无论是从信教人数还是影响来看,伊斯兰教被视为仅次于基督教的世界第二大宗教;二是在全球化背景下,伴随着人员的频繁流动及信息、科技的高度发达,文化、文明的互动、交融及"跨界"更加常态化;三是伊斯兰教的中国化。世界各地的伊斯兰文化都具有"在地化"烙印,中国的伊斯兰教在"中国化"过程中深度融入中国社会,成为中华文化的组成部分。所以,认识、研究我国伊斯兰教,既要有开放的全球视野,更要置于中国化语境中。     

《回教考略》与清末民初的回耶对话

清末民初发生在中国回族穆斯林和基督教传教士之间的"回耶对话",是历史上文明对话研究的生动个案。而促成两方积极对话的《回教考略》(《四教考略》有关伊斯兰教部分的单行本)一书,则是其中尤其值得关注的关节点。通过《回教考略》的出版以及版本状况的查询、《回教考略》对伊斯兰教批评的具体状况的分析、回族穆斯林学者针对《回教考略》有所反响的八个个案的收集(在回族穆斯林学者中有相当的代表性),我们可以认识到《回教考略》一书在引起回族穆斯林学者注意到并起而反驳基督教对伊斯兰教的批评等方面都有着重要的影响。而从文明对话的角度进行分析,我们还可以看到围绕着《回教考略》的回耶对话的一些特点:其一,这一回耶对话总体上是因为基督教对伊斯兰教的明确批评及试图传教引起的,回族穆斯林学者对基督教方面所描述的有关伊斯兰教内容的辩驳和对基督教的批评,具有必然性;其二,对于伊斯兰教方面而言,这一回耶对话有着相当的"卫教"色彩;其三,虽然当时基督教处于一种主动的且是强势的地位,但这一次回耶之间的对话,却大抵是在一种平等的关系下进行的。     

伊斯兰教的教职称谓

伊斯兰教是世界性的宗教之一，与佛教、基督教并称为世界三大宗教。七世纪中叶伊斯兰教由阿拉伯半岛传人中国。伊斯兰教作为一种完善的文化体系和思想体系，对中国各民族穆斯林的历史、伦理道德、生活方式和习俗等都产生了深刻的影响。目前中国有１０个少数民族信奉伊斯兰教。本文仅就伊斯兰教常见的教职称谓作一简介。这些称谓，已在穆斯林生活中成为约定俗成的共识，而且一直作为教内人的专门称谓。阿訇“阿訇”是中国伊斯兰教教职称谓之一，系波斯语音译，意即“教师”、“学者”等。从明代后期，中国穆斯林开始称教授伊斯兰教经文的教师…     

社会福音思想在近代中国的传播探析

社会福音思想产生于美国基督教神学家对社会问题的反思,逐渐发展成具有较大影响力的神学思潮,并伴随而生相应的社会运动。19世纪末20世纪初,社会福音思想经由海外传教运动入华,通过演讲布道、会议、文字出版物、基督徒知识分子间讨论等方式在中国基督教界广泛传播开来,推动着许多基督教团体和基督徒参与到社会改良活动中,对基督教在华传播和中国社会改良产生了一定影响。     

中国内地会内地九省及西部边疆开教考略

1876年中英《烟台条约》签订,西方传教士获得许可进入中国内地、西藏传教,以向中华全境传遍"上帝的福音"为宗旨的基督(新)教差会中国内地会,率先进入清代十八省中尚"未有福音传入"的内地(西部)九省。西部九省开教,成为近代基督教中国内地及西部边疆传播的时间窗,有不平等条约中的传教条款为时代背景,也是内地会的传教宗旨、戴德生的传教策略的结果。西部九省开教,为内地会日后发展成为近代最大在华基督教差会叩开了成功之门,结束了基督教自入华以来仅局限于沿海地区的布道格局,随之而来的教会势力大量涌入内地,引发了民教冲突,加剧了社会矛盾。     

真心会晤 坦诚交流——“德中跨宗教会晤”小记

正2016年5月8日至11日,中国国家宗教事务局副局长蒋坚永率团出席由中国国家宗教事务局与德国基督教会(Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland,简称EKD)、德国基督教宣教机构(Das Evangelische Missionswerk in Deut schland,简称EMW)联合举办的"德中跨宗教会晤——宗教的和平共处及其对公民社会的贡献"。代表团由中国国家宗教事务局,基督教、天主教、伊斯兰教人士,以及专家学者等21人组成。德方出席人员有来自政界、教界(基督教、天主教和伊斯兰教)、学界等     

近代中国基督教与伊斯兰教互动关系的研究回顾与前瞻

最近20多年海内外学者针对近代中国基督教与伊斯兰教互动关系问题发表了不少论著。本文对这些研究成果进行了梳理回顾,讨论了基督教传教学、伊斯兰教护教学、文明(宗教)对话、文化交涉等多重视角参与研究的必要性,强调全球史观对理解近代中国这两大宗教关系的重要性。     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Spirituality and Religiosity and Its Role in Health and Diseases

Religiosity is a factor involved in the management of health and diseases/patient longevity. This review article uses comprehensive, evidence-based studies to evaluate the nature of religiosity that can be used in clinical studies, thus avoiding contradictory reports which arise from misinterpretation of religiosity. We conclude that religiosity is multidimensional in nature and ultimately associated with inherent protection against diseases and overall better quality of life. However, a number of untouched aspects of religiosity need to be investigated further before we can introduce religiosity in its fully functional form to the realm of health care.