早期宫颈癌术式选择的比较研究

根治性子宫切除术与保留生育功能的根治性宫颈切除术均可用于早期宫颈癌患者的手术治疗.根据生物-心理-社会医学模式的要求,本文采用比较治疗学的方法,对这两种手术方式,从适应证、手术方式、并发症、疗效等方面进行比较,为宫颈癌临床科学决策提供借鉴.     

早期子宫颈癌根治性子宫颈切除术的临床应用

近年来子宫颈癌发病率呈现上升及年轻化趋势,年轻宫颈癌患者需要保留生育功能.随着研术式和腹腔镜的发展,子宫颈根治性切除术作为治疗早期宫颈癌的一种新的治疗方法,严格掌握其手术实施的适应证,结合医学伦理学和循证医学的原则,既达到了根治性的目的,又充分考虑到生育功能的保留.因此子宫颈根治性切除术是一种可行、有效、合理的手术方式.     

早期子宫颈癌根治性子宫颈切除术的临床应用

近年来子宫颈癌发病率呈现上升及年轻化趋势,年轻宫颈癌患者需要保留生育功能。随着新术式和腹腔镜的发展,子宫颈根治性切除术作为治疗早期宫颈癌的一种新的治疗方法,严格掌握其手术实施的适应证,结合医学伦理学和循证医学的原则,既达到了根治性的目的,又充分考虑到生育功能的保留。因此子宫颈根治性切除术是一种可行、有效、合理的手术方式。     

胰头癌根治性手术的淋巴结清扫

胰头恶性肿瘤以手术治疗为主要治疗方式，其淋巴结清扫问题近年来受到热议。本文比较扩大淋巴结清扫与标准根治对患者生存的影响。讨论最新制定的胰头癌标准淋巴结清扫范围。认识淋巴结转移数目、淋巴结转移率作为预后判断因素的作用。介绍腹主动脉旁淋巴结活检以及最小淋巴结检测数研究的进展。最终认为胰头癌根治性手术的淋巴结清扫因手术方式多...     

全胸腔镜肺癌切除术的技术分析与趋势

全胸腔镜肺叶切除术在肺良性疾病和早期肺癌中的治疗作用已得到肯定。目前三孔法是大部分中心采用的手术术式,可以完成所有肺叶切除术。手术顺序：探查如发现第二肺门处肺动脉比较表浅,按照肺静脉-肺动脉、肺裂-支气管的顺序,如第二肺门处肺动脉位置较深,下叶按肺静脉-支气管-肺动脉-肺裂,部分肺动脉分支可以包含在肺裂中以切割缝合器处...     

经后腹腔单孔腹腔镜肾切术应用体会

总结经后腹腔单孔腹腔镜单纯及根治性肾切除术的初步临床经验,探讨其临床应用价值.在2010年～2011年,我科应用经后腹腔入路单孔腹腔镜下进行单纯肾切除及根活性肾切除病例8例.其中肾积水合并无功能肾5例,肾癌2例,萎缩无功能肾1例.结果8例手术均获成功,手术时间110min～170min,平均138min;术中出血50ml～200ml,平均88ml ;术后均无并发症发生.我们在应用后腹腔单孔腹腔镜行单纯及根治肾切除术初步总结,该手术方式安全有效,可行性高.其手术优势需更多病例进一步评估.     

统筹方法在胃癌根治性全胃切除术程序中的应用效果观察

探讨统筹方法在手术过程中的应用及对手术时间的影响.以2011年6月～2011年10月闻我科行胃癌根治性全胃切除术65例为具体研究对象,36例患者在开腹前、术中、关腹三个过程中应用统筹方法作为观察组,29例患者在上述三个过程中未应用统筹方法,作为对照组,比较两组患者的平均手术时间、平均手术出血量、术后吻合口漏及术后腹腔引流管的渗出量;分析统筹方法对手术进程的影响.观察组平均手术时间98.6 min,对照组平均手术时间150.4min.两组平均手术时间比较具有明显的统计学差异(t=5.647,P=0.028).两组平均手术出血量、术后吻合口漏及术后腹腔引流管的渗出量比较均无统计学差异.统筹方法在手术程序中的应用,能明显缩短手术时间,提高手术效率,降低手术风险.     

经鼻内镜下鼻甲黏膜下切除术和传统手术的对比

为了比较经鼻内镜下鼻甲黏膜下切除术与传统行下鼻甲部分切除术治疗下鼻甲肥大的有效性及安全性,对我院2008年1月至2010年12月的230例慢性鼻炎的患者分为两组,观察组125例行下鼻甲黏膜下部分切除术,对照组105例行传统切除术,观察两组患者的疗效及并发症,发现两种手术的近期疗效无差异(P>0.05),下鼻甲黏膜下切除术远期疗效和并发症发生率均优于传统手术(P<0.05).因此,下鼻甲黏膜下切除术疗效显著,并发症少,值得推广.     

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌膀胱全切手术时机的探讨

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌包括Tis,Ta,T1期膀胱癌。它们的生物学特征,恶性程度不同,治疗方式多样化。非肌层浸润性膀胱癌经过保留膀胱治疗效果良好,但仍有一部分表现为高复发和局部进展。建议BCG治疗失败的原位癌;伴有两个或者两个以上的高风险进展特征的T1G3或者是膀胱灌注治疗无效的TIG3期膀胱癌患者尽早行根治性膀胱切除术。     

胆囊切除术式认识上的误区及设想

经过一百多年的临床实践,胆囊切除术一直是治疗胆囊结石、肿瘤等最有效的方法。随着现代科技的发展,其手术方式已基本上形成传统的胆囊切除术（ＯｐｅｎＣｈｏｌｅｃｙｓｔｅｃｔｏｍｙＯＣ）、腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬａｐａｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃＣｈｏｌｅｃｙｓｔｅｃｔｏｍ...     

对宫颈癌中前哨淋巴结检测的认识

广泛子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫是治疗早期宫颈癌的标准术式。但对无盆腔淋巴结转移患者,淋巴结清扫并无治疗意义,且伴随多种并发症。前哨淋巴结检测有望解决这一问题,其在宫颈癌中的应用有较大可行性,亦存在局限性。只有正确认识并应用之,才能造福患者。     

Radical behaviorism: A productive and needed philosophy for education

Radical behaviorism is the philosophy of the science of behavior originating in the work of B. F. Skinner and elaborated over the years by a community of researchers, scholars, and practitioners. Radical behaviorism is a complete, or thoroughgoing behaviorism in that all human behavior, public and private, is explained in terms of its functional relations with environmental events. Radical behaviorism is often misrepresented in the literatures of education and psychology. Two fundamental misconceptions of radical behaviorism are that its followers (1) are logical positivists who require that a phenomenon be observed by two or more people before it qualifies for scientific analysis, and (2) either will not or cannot incorporate private events (e.g., thoughts, feelings) into their analyses of human behavior. This paper offers an advocacy perspective on contemporary radical behaviorism. In particular, we define radical behaviorism and briefly outline the history of the term's use in psychological literature, discuss the scientific practice of behavior analysts, explain the intolerance exhibited by radical behaviorists, and comment on the use of popularity as a criterion for good science. The paper concludes with a discussion of the recent shift in educational research and practice from empiricism and outcome-oriented intervention toward a holistic/constructivist philosophy described by its advocates as incompatible with behaviorally-based instruction.     

不同部件亮度条件下的汉字识别初探

本文采用命名作业法探讨在不同汉字部件亮度条件下的字频效应、笔画数效应及部件在汉字识别中的作用。结果表明 :1在本实验条件下 ,字频效应仍非常明显 ,但没有笔画数效应 ;2在上下型汉字的识别中 ,其上半部的作用比下半部更为重要 ,而对左右型汉字而言 ,其右半部的作用比左半部更为重要 ;3部件亮度条件对命名反应时有显著影响 ,但是否可以称为“部件亮度效应”尚值得进一步研究。     

Radical presence: Alternatives to the therapeutic state

This article introduces the idea of radical presence as an alternative to the current therapeutic state (or psy-complex) within which we live today. Radical presence challenges us to confront the dominance of psychological discourses which define, control, and limit the ways in which we live. It shifts our attention from diagnosis and treatment of individuals to an exploration of broader relational and institutional contexts, and the ways in which professionals and ordinary people alike can be responsive, present, and open to a multiplicity of life forms.     

A Review of Baum's Review of Conceptual Foundations of Radical Behaviorism

Baum expressed numerous concerns about my Conceptual Foundations of Radical Behaviorism in his review. If his review were an independent submission and I were an independent referee, I would recommend that his review be rejected and that he be encouraged to revise and resubmit, once he has studied the field a bit more and clarified for himself and journal readers several important matters. I outline two sets of concerns that he might usefully clarify in his revision: (a) the important contributions of B. F. Skinner to a book about radical behaviorism, and (b) the nature of private behavioral events. In particular, the methodological behaviorism inherent in Baum's position needs to be resolved.     

Radical Listening: Transdisciplinarity,Restorative Justice and Change

This article explores transdisciplinarity within childhood studies at the intersection of restorative justice and counseling psychology. It is argued that at this juncture the nexus of radical listening may be uncovered. Radical listening, a term first coined by the critical pedagogue J.L. Kincheloe, is used here to aid in the project of both decolonizing restorative justice practices and deconstructing the hegemonic positioning of psychology in childhood studies through an intersectional understanding of childhood. This is a move toward complexity thinking and a valuing of Indigenous ways of knowing in response to the epistemicide of minoritized voices and the domination of White Western scholarship in childhood studies over the past century. Linkages established among transdisciplinarity, restorative justice, and counseling reorients the scholar/practitioner toward a nuanced understanding of a rights-based perspective and an appreciation of the intersections of social, political, and cultural worlds.     

汉语学龄前儿童正字法意识的发展

本研究选择北京地区幼儿园3岁、4岁、5岁儿童各31、48、33名, 采用单部件意识测验和部件位置及功能意识测验系统探查了学龄前儿童的正字法意识各个层面的发展状况。单部件意识测验包括部件替换、部件缺失和部件旋转三个部分; 部件位置及功能意识测验分为假字和非字两个部分, 而非字又包括两形非字和形声非字。结果发现单部件意识测验中, 5岁组儿童在部件替换水平上的得分显著高于3岁组儿童, 而3岁组与4岁组、4岁组与5岁组儿童之间无显著差异; 部件缺失和部件旋转水平上, 三个年龄段的儿童的得分表现出明显的增长趋势。部件位置及功能意识测验中, 假字得分在三个年龄段之间无显著差异; 非字得分随年龄增长显著提高。这些结果表明, 单部件意识在学前期处于不断发展的阶段, 其中对部件替换的非字的拒绝能力发展较早, 部件缺失和部件旋转非字的拒绝能力发展较晚; 部件位置及功能意识在学前期已经开始发展, 3岁儿童已经具有假字符合正字法规则的认识, 但对非字违反部件位置合法性和功能完整性的认识直到4岁左右才开始萌芽, 5岁还未成熟。     

斯金纳激进行为主义的一个理论特色及其反思

斯金纳激进行为主义的一个理论特色是包容对私人事件(语言、意识、思维)的研究,体现了斯金纳激进行为主义的特有认识论立场及独特的行为分析理论和行为解释原则。