清官反腐的伦理审视

"清官"是老百姓赋予官员的美誉,它既反映官员的政治道德理想,也反映老百姓对官员的价值判断与价值期待.清官反腐在封建社会能够在一定程度上惩治腐败,因而具有不容忽视的积极意义,但它也具有难以避免的局限性.本文在总结清官共有的道德品质的基础上,深入分析了清官反腐的积极意义与局限性.对清官反腐进行伦理审视,能够为当今中国的反腐工作提供一些有益的启示.清官反腐难以成功的历史事实给我们的启示是,惩治腐败的关键是要建立一套科学合理、行之有效的反腐制度.     

制度反腐:问题、依据与原则

本文以党的十七大精神为指导,运用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法,立足我国当前实际,对目前反腐制度存在的不足、制度反腐的可能与应当遵循的原则进行了深入探讨.     

党的十六大以来，制度反腐实践研究

2002年11月，党的十六大召开，确立了“标本兼治、综合治理、惩防并举、注重预防”的反腐倡廉工作方针，惩治与预防腐败的关系更加明确。以党的十六大召开为标志，党和政府真正进入了制度反腐的阶段。但随着我国经济的不断发展，腐败现象和腐败行为也出现了一系列新的动向。     

制度反腐是实现权力监督全覆盖的根本之策

党的十八大以来，在新一届党中央领导集体的带领下，凝聚民力，振奋民心，各项建设事业气象万新，这突出反映了我党在十八大以来围绕实现中国梦的新思路、新举措、新目标，也顺应了人民群众的新期待。特别是从中央到地方，全面认真落实政府工作“八项规定”精神，切实改进文风、会风和工作作风，严控公款消费，并且惩办了一系列老百姓反映强烈，社会舆论高度关注的贪腐案件，极大地消除了这些贪腐案件的不良社会影响，重塑了政府形象。反腐走上了制度化发展的新路。     

基层腐败问题的法伦理学探索

腐败防治事关国家存亡。在我国"小官巨贪"现象严重的背景下,从法伦理学的角度探讨基层腐败防治问题,不仅具有法律上的意义,更具有伦理上的价值。本文从法伦理学的角度分析了基层公务人员腐败现状和腐败原因,研究并参考了国外基层反腐成功经验。对"家庭财产申报""特别风险岗位评估"以及"独立监督机构"等制度的构建或完善,进一步使我国反腐败立法更加完善,科学构建我国"不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐"的反腐机制和廉明公正的道德风尚。     

节俭之风的信仰理解

岁末年初,中央颁布一系列反腐创廉文件,其中一个重要特征就是规定非常具体,如高档烟酒、鱼翅燕窝、月饼等食品都在公款禁吃之列,这对于优化社会风气,树立正确价值观,无疑意义深远。其实,中国政界开展的一系列廉政措施,也具有超乎寻常的宗教学意义,也得到我们基督教界的高度赞誉和拥护!上帝所造之人是需要食物的,但上帝紧接着给人命令,有些＂可以随意吃＂,但有些＂不可吃,因为你吃的日子必定死＂（参创2：1 7）。     

“无厘头”电影的后现代美学特征

"无厘头"电影现在仍然受到港台、大陆青少年的热捧,它十分突出地彰显了诸如解构、荒诞、狂欢等后现代美学的特征,亦以其独特的语言形式和叙述手法为大众欣赏和接受。     

略谈油画艺术中的技术元素

当代中国油画受"新艺术"思潮的冲击和影响.出现了诸如商业化、极端个人化,程式化等不良现象.     

反腐保廉 贵在探索

《反腐保廉与社会发展》一书是对反腐保廉难题细致观察、深入研究、大胆探索的力作,它为系统研究反腐保廉问题提供了很有价值的参考。它至少给我们以下的启示: 一、反腐保廉是精神文明建设重要的组成部分。作者清醒地意识到:腐败利用我们体制、机制、法制中的弊端,正一步一步向我们逼近;腐败不仅击中了我们队伍里的意     

以“佛陀的名义”激发佛教正能量

<正>最近,一部被称之为"史上最大尺度"反腐题材电视剧《人民的名义》一路爆红。惊心动魄的剧情、考究精良的制作、现实主义的题材以及老戏骨们精湛的演技,赢得了超高的人气和极佳的口碑。该剧的上演,反映了"十八大"以来党中央"反腐倡廉"的决心与自信。"人民"象征着正义、公平和公道,可以说,该剧以"人民"之名义凝聚了社会关于"反腐"的最为广泛的民意和共识。佛教,是关于宇宙、人生真相的圆满教育,是引导生命臻于至善的实践体系。佛教的贡献,在于揭     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Social and Personal Determinants of Adolescent Use and Abuse of Alcohol and Marijuana

This article summarizes research on social and personal determinants of adolescent use and abuse of alcohol and marijuana to aid practitioners when designing interventions.     

Cognitive and Personality Characteristics of Masculinity and Femininity Predict Wayfinding Competence and Strategies of Men and Women

Bem (1974) reconceptualized masculinity and femininity as independent and orthogonal constructs that both men and women possess to varying degrees. This perspective was used as a starting point to investigate whether the contributions of gender-typed characteristics can help to account for commonly observed gender differences in wayfinding (the ability to identify one’s current location and successfully navigate to an unseen location in the environment) favoring men. We further divided gender-typed characteristics into cognitive and personality characteristics to assess their separate influence on wayfinding and explored whether gender-typed characteristics predicted self-reported use of masculine wayfinding strategies (i.e., orientation strategies) and self-reported wayfinding competence. Participants were 452 college women and men in a southern U.S. public university. They completed the Gender-Stereotypic Characteristics questionnaire (Diekman and Eagly 2000), a social comparison questionnaire (created by the authors), a wayfinding strategy questionnaire (Lawton 1994), and a wayfinding competence questionnaire (Hegarty et al. 2002). For both men and women, higher masculine cognitive characteristics significantly correlated with greater use of orientation wayfinding strategies typical of men. For men, both higher masculine and feminine cognitive characteristics predicted better overall wayfinding competence whereas for women, only higher masculine cognitive characteristics predicted better overall wayfinding competence. For both men and women, higher feminine personality characteristics predicted poorer wayfinding competence. These results demonstrated the importance of considering cognitive and personality characteristics of masculinity and femininity in explaining individual differences in wayfinding.     

Face aftereffects suggest interdependent processing of expression and sex and of expression and race

Bruce and Young (1986) proposed that functionally different aspects of faces (e.g., sex, identity, and expression) are processed independently. Although interdependent processing of identity and expression and of identity and sex have been demonstrated previously, evidence for interdependent processing of sex and expression is equivocal. Using a visual adaptation paradigm, we show that expression aftereffects can be simultaneously induced in different directions along anger–fear continua for male and female faces (Experiment 1) and for East Asian and Black African faces (Experiment 2). These findings for sex- and race-contingent expression aftereffects suggest that processing of expression is interdependent with processing of sex and race and are therefore problematic for models of face perception that have emphasized independent processing of functionally different aspects of faces. By contrast, our findings are consistent with models of face processing that propose that invariant physical aspects of faces and changeable social cues can be processed interdependently.     

Self-ratings of positive and negative affect and retrieval of positive and negative affect memories

Abstract

Based on analysis of self-ratings of mood, positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) have been proposed as basic, orthogonal mood dimensions (Watson & Tellegen, 1985). The present study asked subjects (N = 61) to not only provide self-ratings of PA and NA terms but also to retrieve personal memories associated with those terms. Self-rated PA was associated with latency to retrieve PA- but not NA-related memories; self-rated NA was associated with latency to retrieve NA- but not PA-related memories. Self-ratings of PA and NA were not significantly correlated, nor were retrieval latencies for PA and NA memories. Individual item correlations also revealed a strong direct relationship between self-ratings and retrieval latency. The dissociations involving a non-self report measure strengthen the distinction between PA and NA, and the individual item correlations are interpreted as showing that self-ratings of affect are based upon the ease of retrieval of personal memories.     

Values and beliefs of vegetarians and omnivores

Following the claim by some anthropologists and sociologists that 1 symbolic meaning of meat is a preference for hierarchical domination (C. J. Adams, 1990; N. Fiddes, 1989; D. D. Heisley, 1990; J. Twigg, 1983), the authors compared the values and beliefs of vegetarians and omnivores in 2 studies conducted in New Zealand. They compared the full range of vegetarians and omnivores on right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, human values, and consumption values. The participants tending toward omnivorism differed from those leaning toward veganism and vegetarianism in 2 principal ways: The omnivores (a) were more likely to endorse hierarchical domination and (b) placed less importance on emotional states. Accordingly, the acceptance or rejection of meat co-varied with the acceptance or rejection of the values associated with meat; that finding suggests that individuals consume meat and embrace its symbolism in ways consistent with their self-definitions.