恶性肿瘤高发态势与肿瘤学教学现状的思考

恶性肿瘤的发病率及病死率日渐增高,成为21世纪威胁人类健康、导致死亡的主要疾病。在我国,肿瘤已经成为常见病。本文从肿瘤高发的态势与肿瘤学飞速发展的现状出发,分析我国肿瘤诊治整体水平与医学院校肿瘤学课程设置及教学相对滞后的状况,阐述了新形势下加强医学院校在本科生基础医学教育中强化与改革肿瘤学课程的重要性和必要性。     

论医学院校课程文化的内涵及重塑

面对医学全球化、我国的新医改等新形势,各医学院校的教育教学改革势在必行.当务之急是重塑医学的课程文化.从医学课程文化的内涵出发,从医学教育课程的核心价值观和课程形态两个层面阐述课程文化重塑的主要内容,并就医学院校课程文化重塑的目标和途径提出建议.     

高等医学院校综合性通识课程内容的构建

21世纪是通识教育与专业教育逐步走向综合的世纪,而综合性通识课程内容的构建则是通识课程改革的关键.为了有助于我国医学院校构建综合性通识课程,通过对不同国家和地区综合性通识课程内容的组织、设计和实施的分析,探讨了高等医学院校综合性通识课程内容的构建.     

纽约大学医学院文学、艺术与医学素材库建设及启示

介绍了纽约大学医学院文学、艺术与医学素材库的建设情况以及对我国高等医学院校人文教育的反思.从回顾文学、艺术与医学素材库的建设背景入手,阐述了素材库的具体内容,说明了素材库的实际应用情况以及纽约大学医学院人文教育现状.最后,阐述了医学素材库在课程设置、教学方式、师资建设方面对我国高等医学院校医学人文教学的启示.     

恶性肿瘤的诊疗思维策略

恶性肿瘤发生率与死亡率呈持续增长趋势,已成为我国居民的主要死亡原因,迫切需要越来越多的医务工作者来参与临床肿瘤学事业.因此,客观上对临床肿瘤学科诊疗思维提出了更高的要求.本文就恶性肿瘤的诊疗思维策略进行初步探讨,以期引导探索规范的诊疗方案.     

癌症病情告知技能培训课程对医学院校医患沟通课程的启示

医学院校医患沟通课程的内容设置应符合临床实践对医学人才知识及技能的要求.通过对临床医生进行癌症病情告知技能培训课程的探索,为医学院校医患沟通课程开设癌症病情告知技能相关内容提供参考和依据.     

导言：肿瘤姑息治疗：认识日渐清晰

刚刚过去的20世纪第一个10年,是姑息治疗在我国从后台走上前台,从配角演化为主角的10年。值得欣慰的是,在肿瘤学领域,人们对肿瘤,特别是晚期肿瘤姑息治疗的认识已日趋清晰,使其从少被问津的“冷门”成为颇受关注的“热门”。     

澳大利亚悉尼大学内科学PBL教学模式介绍及借鉴

以“基于问题的学习(problem-based learning,PBL)”的教育学模式目前在医学院校中广泛应用,成为发达国家医学教育的重要模式.本文介绍了澳大利亚悉尼大学《内科学》课程的PBL教学模式.通过与其成熟的PBL教学模式进行对比,我国医学院校《内科学》PBL教学的问题存在于问题设计、教员培训、教学组织以及能力评估等各个环节.针对这些环节的问题,本文提出了一些相应的对策.如果我们要将其应用于《内科学》教学,必须改变模糊认识,进行较大改良才能真正达到好的效果.     

临床医学与预防医学课程的有机整合——临床医学专业《预防医学》课程教学改革的初步探讨

对我国不同地域5所高等医学院校师生和附属医院的临床医师进行问卷调查,掌握我国现行临床医学专业预防医学教育现状及存在的主要问题,分析临床与预防医学课程整合在临床医学专业《预防医学》课程教学改革中的作用与意义,论证其对医学生建立"以健康为中心、预防重于治疗、防治结合"理念、医学院校构建"以健康为中心"的临床医学人才培养模式和临床医师实施健康管理的作用与影响,探讨临床医学专业《预防医学》课程教学改革模式,并提出临床与预防医学课程整合改革的一些初步构想。     

高等医学院校综合性通识课程内容的构建

21世纪是通识教育与专业教育逐步走向综合的世纪,而综合性通识课程内容的构建则是通识课程改革的关键。为了有助于我国医学院校构建综合性通识课程,通过对不同国家和地区综合性通识课程内容的组织、设计和实施的分析,探讨了高等医学院校综合性通识课程内容的构建。     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Spirituality and Religiosity and Its Role in Health and Diseases

Religiosity is a factor involved in the management of health and diseases/patient longevity. This review article uses comprehensive, evidence-based studies to evaluate the nature of religiosity that can be used in clinical studies, thus avoiding contradictory reports which arise from misinterpretation of religiosity. We conclude that religiosity is multidimensional in nature and ultimately associated with inherent protection against diseases and overall better quality of life. However, a number of untouched aspects of religiosity need to be investigated further before we can introduce religiosity in its fully functional form to the realm of health care.