医患冲突话语中患者对医生身份的解构研究

人际语用学关注人际交往与互动中的人际方面的语用学视角。在人际语用学视阈下,基于医患会话的相关语料,研究患者对医生身份的解构,发现在医患冲突性话语中,患者主要从医生的职业、医品和能力三个层面解构医生的身份,表达对医生的不满和质疑。关系研究是人际语用学最核心的研究,为管理与患者间的关系,处于医患交际主导方的医生可以利用移情、称呼语、赞誉患者、与患者寒暄等策略与患者交流,构建更加和谐的医患关系。     

矛盾论视角下医患关系紧张的成因及对策探析

近年来医患关系紧张已成为社会关注的热点问题,采用矛盾论的观点,深入分析导致医患关系紧张的四大矛盾:医生高技术的职业属性与其获得的薪酬收入之间的矛盾,医疗服务提供方与需求方的信息不对等,患者有限的支付能力与高昂的医疗费用的矛盾,医疗行业的高风险性与医疗风险分担机制缺失之间的矛盾。建议构建合理的医生薪酬体系,引入医疗保险谈判机制,提升民众的医疗服务购买力,设置医疗责任强制保险,提升整体医疗技术水平,从而化解医患矛盾,缓解医患关系。     

患者社会经济地位对医患沟通行为的影响研究

良好的医患沟通是减少医疗纠纷、改善医患关系的有效途径。探讨患者社会经济地位是否影响到医生的沟通方式与患者的沟通偏好,从而提高医患沟通质量,实现医患沟通"零距离"。采用问卷调查法对某市2所三甲公立医院门诊患者进行调查,结果显示患者的社会经济地位与医生语言沟通行为之间无显著性差异,然而与患者参与医疗决策及权利维护行为之间有显著性差异。建议医生坚持"以患者为中心",注重沟通方式与技巧的运用,尊重患者自主权利,增强患者参与医疗决策能力,同时利用医务社会工作者第三方力量的介入,共建平等和谐医患关系。     

浅析医患共同决策面临的问题及出路

医患共同决策作为一种新的医疗决策模式,有助于促进患者参与医疗决策,制定个性化的诊疗方案,从而提高患者依从性和满意度,缓解医患关系。从医疗体系、医方、患方三个方面讨论医患共同决策在推广中面临的问题,提出应加大对医患共同决策的扶助力度,加快推进分级诊疗;医方应积极发挥职业优势,改变决策思维,提高职业素养,同时在医疗体系内建立医患共同决策分级沟通模式,完善医患共同决策规范操作流程;此外,应通过多部门联合开展宣教的方式,积极引导患者参与医患共同决策。     

论医疗行业的属性与医患关系

医疗行业是否具有服务性行业的属性有着重要的现实意义,医疗行业的定位对于医患关系有直接影响。商业化只能使医疗行业在表面上更像服务业,却无法改变医患关系的本质。医生在医患关系中的主导地位不改变,医疗行业就不具备服务性行业的内在逻辑。正因为医疗行业不具有服务性行业的属性,才能决定医生对于患者的爱的性质具有人文关怀。从而使患者更加尊重信任医生,医生与患者各归其位医患关系才能走向正常化。     

构建妇科门诊和谐医患关系的伦理学思考

本文从医院管理因素、医务人员因素和患方因素三个方面对妇科门诊医患关系的影响因素进行伦理学分析,提出加强医院管理;医务人员转变服务理念,改善服务态度;加强业务学习,提高医疗水平和加强宣传,改善医务人员社会形象是改善医患关系,提高患者满意率,增强医疗竞争优势的关键。     

职业精神和医患关系

通过调查发现,外科医生在提供做决策的信息的问题上执行得较好;有些医生无论错误多么严重也不会把医疗错误披露出来;但是能够公开医生的经济奖励,这样医生的信任不但没有被损害,相反医生和医生团体的信任和忠诚却增强了。从知情决策、医疗错误的披露和利益冲突三个方面展示职业精神对医患关系产生的影响,并为职业精神的发展提供了新视角。     

中国与新西兰医患信任的内在影响因素

医患信任通常与医疗服务的可及性和连续性,以及医方的资质能力和对职业精神的坚守密切相关.通过对医疗机构资金来源与医生的激励机制、医疗服务的可持续性与医患关系的密切程度、医疗信息公开化和行业监管等因素的分析,揭示导致中国与新西兰的不同医患信任状况内在因素,进而为改善我国现有医患信任危机提供思路与途径.     

麻醉科工作中的医患沟通技巧与艺术

医患沟通是对医学理解的一种信息传递过程,是为患者的健康需要而进行的,使医患双方能充分、有效地表达对医疗活动的理解、意愿和要求.目前复杂的医疗环境对医生提高医患沟通能力有了更高的要求,麻醉科作为职业高风险科室,在日常工作中更应注重沟通技巧及讲究艺术性,从而减少医患矛盾的产生,保证医疗质量.     

医患共同决策的最佳践行者——全科医生

正近年来,"看病难、看病贵、医患关系紧张"成为我国医疗事业的一大难题。患者对医生不满,医生的职业幸福感非常低,各类因医患矛盾而生的恶性案件也屡见报端。医患矛盾的基础就是医患不信任,其原因纷繁复杂,除了医疗卫生资源分配及医疗服务价格之外,医学专业分工、专业知识背景,医疗行为不确定性,人文关怀和医患共同决策的缺失等也是不可忽视的方面。医患共同决策(shared decision-making)是指医患双方共同     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Spirituality and Religiosity and Its Role in Health and Diseases

Religiosity is a factor involved in the management of health and diseases/patient longevity. This review article uses comprehensive, evidence-based studies to evaluate the nature of religiosity that can be used in clinical studies, thus avoiding contradictory reports which arise from misinterpretation of religiosity. We conclude that religiosity is multidimensional in nature and ultimately associated with inherent protection against diseases and overall better quality of life. However, a number of untouched aspects of religiosity need to be investigated further before we can introduce religiosity in its fully functional form to the realm of health care.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.