情绪性人格对青少年创伤后成长的影响：应对方式的中介作用和社会支持的调节作用

汶川地震两年后,采用小五人格问卷、应对方式问卷、社会支持问卷和创伤后成长问卷对497名中学生进行调查,探讨青少年创伤后成长与情绪性人格、应对方式和社会支持的关系。结果显示：（1）青少年创伤后成长的年龄、性别差异不显著;青少年创伤后成长的三个维度之间存在显著差异：人际体验的改变分值最高,其次是自我觉知的改变,得分最低的为生命价值的改变;（2）积极应对方式在情绪性人格与创伤后成长之间起完全中介作用,消极应对方式则不发挥直接的中介作用;（3）情绪性人格与创伤后成长之间的中介效应受到社会支持的调节,低社会支持组的个体情绪性人格越高,越容易采取积极认知、寻求支持等积极的应对方式,从而产生更高的创伤后成长。     

员工职业倦怠、应对方式、生活满意度与心理健康的相关研究

目的：探讨职业倦怠、应对方式、生活满意度对心理健康水平的影响。方法：运用问卷调查法测量了南京市移动公司共132名员工（剔除无效后获得有效问卷113份）的职业倦怠、应对方式、生活满意度和心理健康水平。所用工具分别是职业倦怠问卷（MBI中文修订）,简易应对方式量表,生活满意度指数（LSIA）,症状自评量表（SCL-90）。结果：（1）职业倦怠三个维度与症状自评量表总分存在显著相关（0.655;0.502;0.365）。（2）简易应对方式量表中,积极应对方式与症状自评量表存在负相关（-0.134）,消极应对方式与症状自评量表存在显著正相关（0.460）。（3）职业倦怠量表的情感枯竭,讥诮态度和简易应对方式量表的消极应对方式对心理健康有一定的预测效应。（4）生活满意度指数与症状自评量表没有达到显著相关,且该指数对心理健康没有明显的预测作用。     

中小学教师PTSD和PTG的影响因素研究：灾难前-中-后的视角

采用事件影响量表、创伤后成长问卷、社会支持问卷、应对方式问卷等对汶川地震1年后极重灾区的106名中小学教师进行调查,考察前灾难因子、灾难当下因子和后灾难因子等对教师创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和创伤后成长（PTG）的影响。结果发现：（1）灾后中小学教师的PTSD处于中低水平、PTG处于中上水平,其中女教师的PTSD和PTG水平高于男教师,班主任教师PTSD水平高于非班主任教师,有过被困经历的教师PTSD水平高于没有被困经历的教师,有亲朋或学生受伤的教师其PTSD和PTG水平均高于无亲朋或学生受伤的教师;（2）社会支持对PTSD没有显著的预测作用,社会支持中的信息支持可以促进PTG,而情感支持和实质性支持对PTG没有显著的影响;（3）逃避的应对方式能显著地正向预测PTSD,问题解决的应对方式能显著正向地预测PTG,而寻求帮助的应对方式对PTSD和PTG都不具有显著的影响。     

大学生创业心理特质与创业意向的关系：就业压力应对方式的中介效应

采用创业心理特质问卷、就业压力应对方式问卷和创业意向问卷,以江西省两所高校252名大学生为被试进行调查,考察大学生创业心理特质、就业压力应对方式与创业意向之间的关系.结果表明：（1）创业心理特质各维度与压力应对方式、创业意向都存在显著相关;（2）模糊性容忍和成就需求对创业意向存在着直接的影响作用;（3）在冒险倾向与创业意向、创新与创业意向之间,就业压力应对方式都起着显著的中介效应,即创业心理特征某些维度不仅直接影响创业意向,同时还通过就业压力应对方式间接影响创业意向.     

儿童心理虐待与忽视和自杀意念的关系：有调节的中介模型

采用问卷法对988名初中生进行调查,探究儿童心理虐待与忽视和自杀意念的关系,应对方式的中介作用以及友谊质量的调节作用。结果表明：（1）儿童心理虐待与忽视正向预测自杀意念;（2）应对方式是儿童心理虐待与忽视和自杀意念之间的中介变量;（3）儿童心理虐待与忽视对自杀意念的直接效应受到友谊质量的调节,直接效应对于友谊质量低的青少年更显著;（4）儿童心理虐待与忽视通过应对方式对自杀意念的间接效应的后半段受到友谊质量的调节,友谊质量高的青少年的自杀意念水平相对更低。因此,儿童心理虐待与忽视和自杀意念之间是有调节的中介关系,儿童心理虐待与忽视通过应对方式影响自杀意念,友谊质量在直接路径和间接路径中起调节作用。     

大学生人际自立特质与抑郁的关系：人际应对的中介作用

人际自立与抑郁关系的系列研究显示,人际自立特质可以抵御抑郁。本次研究进一步假设人际自立特质可以通过人际应对的中介作用来抵御作为人际应激反应的抑郁。为了检验这一假设,采用青少年学生人际自立量表、流调用抑郁自评量表和大学生人际关系压力应对方式问卷对重庆、甘肃三所大学362名有效被试进行了调查,相关和结构方程模型分析的结果显示,在控制了性别、年龄、专业后：（1）人际自立的5个特质与积极应对显著正相关,与消极应对和抑郁显著负相关;（2）人际独立、人际主动和人际责任能直接负向预测抑郁;（3）消极应对在人际开放和人际责任与抑郁之间起到中介作用。研究结果部分支持了研究假设,提示人际自立特质可以通过人际应对的中介作用来影响抑郁。     

创伤后应激障碍对震后青少年自杀意念的影响：安全感的调节作用

为探讨创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）及其各个症状簇对震后青少年自杀意念的影响，并检验安全感在其中的调节作用，研究采用创伤暴露程度问卷、流调中心抑郁量表儿童版、DSM-5的PTSD症状核查表、安全感量表和儿童行为问题核查表对汶川地震8.5年后的1136名中学生进行调查。结果发现：PTSD、负性认知和情绪改变症状、警觉性增高症状分别正向预测自杀意念，侵入性症状和回避性症状对自杀意念的预测作用不显著；安全感在侵入性症状、负性认知和情绪改变症状、警觉性增高症状、PTSD与自杀意念之间起负向调节作用，在回避性症状与自杀意念之间不起调节作用。这表明PTSD各症状簇对震后青少年自杀意念的预测作用不同，且安全感在其中发挥的调节作用也不同。     

童年期儿童应对方式发展的成因:特质论还是情境论？

为了探讨童年期儿童应对方式发展的成因,本研究以应对方式问卷和心理素质量表为研究工具,对355名小学三年级学生进行了2年追踪调查。考察了不同应对方式在学业困难情境和同伴冲突情境下的发展轨迹,以及特质性因素心理素质对于不同应对方式发展的影响。结果表明：（1）童年期儿童的积极应对方式在学业困难和同伴冲突情境中有着不同的发展轨迹,而消极应对方式在学业和人际情境中有着相同的发展轨迹。（2）特质因素心理素质在不同的时间均可以显著预测童年期儿童的积极或消极应对方式。这说明童年期儿童应对方式的发展是情境因素和特质因素共同作用的结果。     

家庭功能与中学生自杀态度的关系

为考察抑郁、冲动性在家庭功能与中学生自杀态度关系中的链式中介效应,使用家庭功能问卷、抑郁自评量表、Barratt冲动性量表和自杀态度问卷对517名中学生进行调查。研究显示：（1）冲动性在家庭功能与中学生自杀态度之间具有中介作用;（2）抑郁在家庭功能与中学生冲动性之间具有中介作用。（3）抑郁在家庭功能与中学生自杀态度间具有中介作用。因此,抑郁和冲动性在家庭功能与中学生自杀态度之间起链式中介作用。     

新冠肺炎疫情下的评估、应对与抑郁和焦虑的关系：多元多重中介模型

作为全球性公共卫生事件,新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情成为潜在心理应激事件。本研究以线上问卷调研形式在疫情爆发上升期考察了民众对此疫情的可控性评估及应对方式对抑郁焦虑的影响。结果表明：（1）自控性显著负向预测抑郁焦虑,他控性对抑郁焦虑无显著预测作用;（2）前行应对显著负向预测抑郁焦虑,创伤应对显著正向预测抑郁焦虑;（3）前行应对在自控性与抑郁焦虑之间起中介作用,即自控性通过正向预测前行应对进而负向预测抑郁焦虑;（4）前行应对在他控性与抑郁焦虑之间起中介作用,即他控性通过正向预测前行应对进而对抑郁焦虑产生积极影响;（5）然而,创伤应对也在他控性与抑郁焦虑之间起中介作用,即他控性通过正向预测创伤应对对抑郁焦虑产生消极影响。本研究对可控性评估和应对方式对抑郁焦虑的影响以及应对方式的中介作用进行了探究与讨论。     

Language,politics and dreams: the challenges of building resilience in refugees

This paper describes a case study of a 60-year-old Peruvian refugee in some detail, focusing on the importance of building emotional resilience in a patient in Spanish in order to create a space for learning the English language – the patient did not speak English after 20 years of living in Britain. The work was carried out with an interpreter and some of the literature on working with interpreters is referred to. The paper also briefly outlines the refugee journey in broad terms, which is a journey from the culturally known to the culturally unknown. The question of how well the literature on resilience, which sits firmly within a Western developmental perspective, can be applied to refugees, most of whom come from group and family-based cultures dominated by ideas of honour and shame, is discussed. The paper also touches on the importance of the receiving country enabling or not, as the case may be, a transitional space for refugees who have lost their home and are seeking to find a safe haven in a strange culture.     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Order,disorder, and the absolute: An experiment in dialogue

The first section of this dialogue is excerpted from an edited conversation between Sean Kelly and the late David Bohm, and focuses on the concepts of order, disorder, and the Absolute. The second section explores these concepts in greater depth, with Bohm maintaining the impossibility of absolute knowledge and the fundamental unintelligibility of the concept of disorder, preferring instead to speak of “orders of infinite degree” which emerge out of an “unknown ground.” Kelly responds by proposing the concept of “absolute knowing” as the cognitive process within which the concepts of order and disorder, the known and the Unknown are seen as dialectically related moments of the Absolute as complex whole. The third section is Edgar Morin's response to the preceding dialogue. He begins by outlining his views on the nature and limits of rationality, maintaining, with Bohm, the superiority of the “negative modality” of speaking about “being” or “reality.” In the second part, however, he proposes the notion of nature as “chaosmos,” which he understands as a creative “dialogic” of order, disorder, and organization.     

Countering Cultural Metaphors of Aging

SUMMARY

This article examines three clusters of metaphors or cultural images of aging which function to marginalize older adults: metaphors which focus on aging as physical decline, on aging as aesthetic distance from youth, and on aging as failure of productivity. It then sketches out two ways to counter the marginalizing power of these cultural images of aging, to shape new metaphors or images of aging within a community of meaning, and to help make new sense of growing old, namely the formation of face-to-face groups of older adults and the creation of rituals in worship which name publicly the realities and experiences of aging.