从尊重自主原则谈患者隐私权的保护

临床见习对整个医院医学体系维持、运行和发挥功能起着很重要的作用,但在具体实践中与患者的隐私权发生冲突时,又该如何保护患者的隐私权?以案件为例进行伦理分析,并通过伦理论辩求证"尊重自主原则"是保护患者隐私权的主要原则.     

患者隐私权法律保护研究述评

患者的隐私权益能够体现患者人格尊严和价值,对于医学研究、公共健康保护具有积极意义。现有的关于患者隐私权法律保护相关研究包括:隐私权定义、患者隐私类型、患者隐私权保护机制、患者隐私权保护的限制及利益协调机制、患者隐私权易被侵犯原因分析、患者隐私保护需求顺位和患者隐私侵权构成要件等研究。关于患者隐私权的研究因为法律文化、立法传统等多种原因的不同而各异,目前的研究还没有达成共识;缺乏系统化、理论化的研究;有些研究还有待深入。     

患者隐私权的民法保护——兼评《侵权责任法》第六十二条

<侵权责任法>将隐私权作为人格权加以确认,而第六十二条却仅规定医疗机构及其医务人员对患者个人隐私信息的保密义务,对于患者隐私权的保护略显不足.对患者隐私权的保护还包括,医疗机构及其医务人员未经患者同意不得侵入、窥视患者的私人领域.医疗活动通常不涉及患者私人活动的保护,精神科治疗是一个例外,医疗机构及其医务人员不得对精神障碍者与诊疗疾病无关的个人活动加以干涉、监视.     

患者隐私杈的法学思考

结合法学理论、医疗实践和目前患者隐私权的法律保护现状,就侵权行为、民事责任的认定以及隐私权的限制等问题予以理论阐释,并提出了切实可行的保护措施,如建立健全相关法律法规、医务人员要增强法律保护意识等,以期为患者隐私权的保护提供有益的参考。     

患者隐私权的法学思考

结合法学理论、医疗实践和目前患者隐私权的法律保护现状,就侵权行为、民事责任的认定以及隐私权的限制等问题予以理论阐释,并提出了切实可行的保护措施,如建立健全相关法律法规、医务人员要增强法律保护意识等,以期为患者隐私权的保护提供有益的参考。     

论医护人员对患者隐私权保护的注意义务

侵害患者隐私权的医疗纠纷频发,很大原因是医护人员未履行对患者隐私保密的高度注意义务。从具体案例出发,就医护人员对患者隐私权保护的注意义务进行阐释,探究该义务产生的根源,对违反该注意义务的责任进行评析。以期提高医护人员对患者隐私权保护注意义务的重视,减少相关医疗纠纷的发生。     

患者隐私权的研究现状与保护进展

患者隐私权是患者的一项重要人格权。世界范围内病人权利运动的广泛开展及公民个人隐私保护意识的逐渐增强,使患者隐私权越来越受到关注。目前学者们对患者的隐私和隐私权看法各异,现行法律也没有统一明确的界定。但国内外对患者隐私权的研究与保护都有不同程度的关注与进展,并在法律上予以体现。     

浅析辅助生殖技术中患者隐私权与配偶知情权的冲突与协调

在辅助生殖技术治疗中,当患者隐私权与配偶知情权出现交集时,二者容易发生冲突,主要表现为患者婚前不洁性史或孕产史、婚前孕育问题、婚外情等隐私与配偶知情权的冲突。利益冲突、权利认识不一致以及权利边界模糊是导致辅助生殖技术治疗中患者隐私权与配偶知情权发生冲突的主要原因。协调二者的冲突,应遵循利益衡量原则与权利位阶原则;优先配置患者隐私权同时兼顾配偶知情权,不断完善相关立法以及提高患者及其配偶的医疗认识与权利认识。     

患者隐私权保护三题

隐私权从传统的消极防御功能发展出兼有积极支配功能的双重属性,内容包括隐私隐瞒权、隐私利用权、隐私维护权和隐私支配权。患者隐私权的四项权能对应《侵权责任法》第六十二条、第六十一条、第五十五条和第五十六条,构建出完整的患者隐私权保护规范体系。患者隐私权被侵犯的实质表现形式是医院侵犯其知情同意权,患者隐私可以分为两部分,医疗机构对正常范围的隐私知悉不构成侵权;超出正常的隐私让渡范围时,医疗机构必须取得患者的知情同意。患者隐私权与第三人利益、公共利益发生冲突时,应作出相应的让位。     

基因隐私权的伦理之思

基因隐私权作为一种特殊的人格权,包含了身体隐私、财产隐私、信息隐私和自主决定等四个方面的内容。它的哲学基础可以追溯至康德哲学的理性与尊重自主性原则,道德基础奠基于位格伦理之上,并体现了一种主体与客体之间的辩证关系。基因隐私权的保护应该遵循知情同意、合理注意、诚实信用与利益平衡的四个基本伦理原则。     

The problem of privacy in transcultural research: reflections on an ethnographic study in Sri Lanka

Western laws and codes of ethics frequently require that private health information be treated confidentially. However, cross-cultural research shows that it is not always easy to determine what members of a culture consider to be private or how they wish private information to be handled. This article begins by presenting an ethnographic study of patient-healer relationships in Sri Lanka; researchers were surprised to find that participants' views of health and privacy differed greatly from typical Western views, and that the privacy protections they had put in place caused discomfort among participants. Building on this ethics case study, the article explores two main questions. First, can a single definition of privacy possibly do justice to the cultural variations that exist, or does a conceptual definition inevitably run the risk of ethnocentrism? Second, to what extent is strict compliance with research regulations or ethics codes ethically justifiable when following the rules will obviously cause unease in international participants?     

Research and application of virtual user context information security strategy based on group intelligent computing

This article first introduced the current technology of the privacy protection model, and analyzed their characteristics and deficiencies. Afterwards, from the point of view of revenue, the shortcomings of the traditional privacy protection model have analyzed through the group intelligent computing method. Based on this, this paper proposes a research and application of virtual user information of security strategy based on group intelligent computing, through the collection of visitor's private information historical access data, intelligent calculation of the strategy group between the visitor and the interviewee. The setting of the threshold of the visited person can protect the privacy information of the user more effectively. In this paper, the implementation flow, algorithm implementation process, and specific architecture design of the proposed virtual user of privacy protection model based on group intelligent computing are introduced respectively. The specific algorithms include PCA, BP neural network, and genetic algorithm. Finally, the proposed privacy has verified through experiments. Protection model can protect user privacy more effectively than traditional privacy protection model. In the future, we will further expand and improve the privacy protection model of virtual users based on group intelligent computing, including considering the dynamic and inconsistency of access to the privacy information, that is, accessing different private information will produce different overlay effects and parallelism. We will also study how to apply this model to actual systems such as shopping websites and social platforms, and use commercial data to evaluate the performance of the model and further improve it.     

人类基因组伦理：问题与前景

人灰基因组计谋（HGP）试图在分子层次上更深入、更全面的认识人体,为战胜疾病增进健康提供科学依据。从而造福人类。这是人类认识生命、认识自身的自然而又必然的结果。必须反对“基因决定论”,保护基因隐私,防止基因歧视,警惕“优生运动”死灰复燃。HGP与生老病死密切相关,对伦理特别敏感,尤其要强调伦理的规范和引导作用,而不能把科技与伦理对立起来。     

Privacy and democracy

The meaning of privacy has been frequently disputed in the philosophical and legal literature since Warren and Brandeis first argued for it as a distinct and important personal and social value. Nevertheless, while the meaning of privacy is held to be vague, there is general agreement that Warren and Brandeis were correct in their assessment of its value. Theorists of democracy, on the other hand, have been ambivalent towards the realm of the private. This paper interrogates the intersection between privacy and democracy, questioning the place of privacy as a distinctly democratic value.     

Personhood: Elusive But Not Illusory

Bioethics as a field has been fortunate that its values and concerns have mirrored the values and concerns of society. In light of the September 11th attacks, it is possible that we are witnessing the beginning of a transition in American culture, one fraught with implications for bioethics. The emphasis on autonomy and individual rights may come to be tempered by greater concern over the collective good. Increased emphasis on solidarity over autonomy could greatly alter public response to research abuses aimed at defense from bioterrorism, to privacy of genetic information, and to control of private medical resources to protect the public health.     

再论经济运行中政府制度行为的道德性

政府制度行为的根本目的就在于认同、尊重和保护市场经济运行中各个主体的合法利益,维护市场经济运行的正常秩序。但是市场经济条件下政府制度行为主体不是“经济阉人”,他们有着自己的效用函数,有着自己的价值追求,必定会影响到政府制度的制定和执行的道德合理性,这是关系到经济运行秩序是否道德公正的首要因素。政府制度的制定和执行是在一定的伦理原则支配下进行的,正确的制度伦理对经济运行秩序的健康发展有着重要的促进作用。     

Bioethics after the terror

Bioethics as a field has been fortunate that its values and concerns have mirrored the values and concerns of society. In light of the September 11th attacks, it is possible that we are witnessing the beginning of a transition in American culture, one fraught with implications for bioethics. The emphasis on autonomy and individual rights may come to be tempered by greater concern over the collective good. Increased emphasis on solidarity over autonomy could greatly alter public response to research abuses aimed at defense from bioterrorism, to privacy of genetic information, and to control of private medical resources to protect the public health.     

The Things We Carry: Finding/Creating the Object and the Analyst’s Self-Reflective Participation

I reflect on the interaction between the analyst’s dedicated attention to the patient’s internal object relations and the analyst’s self-reflective participation. Our stops and starts of attention to the patient’s internal objects and our own is in some sense one of the most important elements of our personal participation. I suggest that the patient’s and analyst’s needs for privacy and the illusion of privacy in the presence of the other, undertheorized within relational theory, is not at odds with an emphasis on valuing the patient’s capacity for a “read” on the analyst. Needs for privacy and the illusion of privacy held by patient and analyst need to be integrated into any psychoanalytic theory and form part of the basis of intimate regulatory systems between two people.     

守护受试者的权益——对“药物研究与应用的伦理监督”

如何保障和守护临床试验研究中受试者的权益?这既是医生、患者(受试者)、工业界与公众注目的问题,也是医院伦理委员会工作面临并要解决的基本而至关重要的问题。从华西医院伦理委员会工作角度出发,分析了临床试验研究中的权益冲突和对受试者权益的科学、伦理与政策守护的要素,论述了如何保障受试者权益问题。