混沌共存:疾病与健康的关系重建

疾病属于生命过程的一部分,是伴随人类进化,乃至全部生物系统中不可缺少的生命状态之一。医学在应对慢性病战役中的失利,促使人们进行深刻的反思。现代医学似乎走进了瓶颈,单纯生物医学背离了生物自然进化规律,生物技术干预打破了生态的自然平衡。人们需要重新审视疾病与健康的关系,重新定义医学目的与价值。以混沌学观点,人类应该学会与其他生物种群共同生存,并从人类机体自然属性中探索治愈疾病、维护健康的自然技术和方法,重建疾病与健康的混沌共存关系。混沌理念正在深刻影响医学以往的观念,可以说"混沌就是健康"。     

进化医学——医学的后现代反思

蓬勃发展的现代生物学似乎没有现代物理学之窘境,进化医学或许不合现代医学之时宜,但因其与人文关联之紧密而受到关注。进化医学从进化的角度看待疾病,无疑给人以面目一新的医学观,很大程度上与后现代主义对二元对立如科学与人文、思辩与实证、疾病与健康、人体与物种的消解不谋而合。它会导致医学的第三次变迁吗？     

社会与生物的连接点:医学人类学国际研究动态

人受制于生态-自然的进化规则,也创造社会文化适应甚至改变进化规则。对这一受制及改变的过程与人类疾病和健康关系的研究,构成了医学人类学的研究对象。梳理了医学人类学研究的三个核心问题,即在健康和疾病领域人的社会性与生物性结合的微观机制(具身化)和宏观机制(协同进化理论),以及这两个机制下的结果(地方生物学)。最后,探讨了医学人类学研究碰到的方法论挑战,即如何结合现代生命科学和生命科学之外的文化传统对健康和疾病的理解。     

进化论与伦理学的三层牵涉

进化伦理学把道德看作是进化的产物.进化思维在解释道德现象时有三个不同程度的涉入,这个区分是依据自然选择在塑造道德过程中所扮演的角色而言的.根据一种最弱级别的进化涉入,道德像艺术和科学一样,只是自然选择的间接产物,不受制于机体的生物性;而根据一种最强级别的进化涉入,道德完全是自然选择的直接产物,根植于机体的生物性中.这两个级别的进化涉入不能提供对道德的理想解释,一个恰当级别的进化涉入应该在这两个极端之间.     

论“中医学”的定义

“医学”是“研究人类生命过程以及同疾病作斗争的一门科学”。作为“科学”下位的两个种概念,即“中医学”与“西医学”,至今没有见到确切的定义。中医研究的是整体层次上的机体反应状态;西医研究的是组成整体的各个局部的结构与功能。中医运用的阴阳五行学说实质上是朴素、自发的系统方法;西医则选择了还原性研究方法。中医理论是综合、演绎的机体反应状态变化规律的系统状态模型;西医理论是分析、归纳的人体结构与功能的物质     

中医诊断和治疗疾病的现代医学原理

1 医学模式和病与证的统一性原理 医学作为研究和认识人类生命现象本质的科学理论体系,其根本宗旨是阐明人类疾病过程的本质及其变化规律,探索出诊治疾病的有效方法.从理论上分析,研究和认识人类生命现象和疾病过程本质的科学理论体系只会有一种模式--医学,而不会有西医和中医等之分,即医学模式的惟一性原理.中医学的产生和存在是医学发展初级阶段内存在的过渡性医学理论体系,一旦人类破译出生命现象的本质、阐明疾病发生发展的规律,各种医学模式的精髓就会真正结合在一起,届时,就只会有一种医学模式.     

医学审美过程中非智力因素初探

医学审美过程中非智力因素初探福建医学院（３５０００４）王国祥医学审美活动不同于客观性很强的医学科学活动。医学科学活动以抽象的逻辑形式揭示和认识人体健康和疾病的现象和本质之间的关系。因而它以理性认识为主，以观察、分析、概念、判断、推理为认识把握对象的基...     

骨科疾病诊治中的临床思维

医学哲学是对医学科学成就总的概括,并以此为基础探讨生命活动和病程的一般规律,研究医学科学的思维方式,直至疾病预防、诊断治疗。同时研究辩证规律和范畴在医学科学中的表现,从而指导骨科医师解决在骨科疾病诊治中遇到的诸多问题,并有助于形成正确的临床思维。结合临床工作体会,探讨医学哲学在骨科疾病诊治临床思维中的应用。     

理论思维：杰出科学人才生成的基因

理论思维：杰出科学人才生成的基因韩秉成理论思维作为社会现实文化构成的内在精华、理性骨架以及认识主体精神素质内涵的一般图式、范型和高级理性能力，它决定着一定条件下科学创造的面貌特征、科学认识进化发育过程和科学机体结构的分化组合，是科学的“超硬核”和左右...     

心血管疾病发生的生物钟现象与时间治疗学

生物钟是生物为了适应其生存环境周而复始的变化(如昼夜变化、四季变化等)在长期进化过程中形成的机体固有节律.研究表明生物钟节律的异常参与了心血管疾病的发生、发展.因此通过研究血管疾病的发生与生物钟的关系,建立新的治疗方法,即时间治疗学,来治疗和预防心血管疾病.     

人体系统非优性的进化论诠释

从进化论的角度论述了人体系统非优性的成因,说明了生物竿化在人体系统中保留下大量的时空沉迹,其形式与特征表现为层次套叠,多元集合,转化退化。从而成为新与旧,高级与低级,复杂与简单,一句话就是优 与非优相互缠绕,相互作用,互补关联的协同统一性,而疾病的发生则是这种辩证统一的失调或破坏。     

The Consciousness (R)Evolution Paradigm

Consciousness represents the core of the new paradigm, the unitary, systemic vision, and comprehension that emerges in every field of science, culture, and spirituality. For centuries, consciousness has been divided from matter, the soul from the physical body. Now, in this historical beginning of globalization, we need a new holistic model, a global paradigm based on consciousness that can explain the unitary evolutionary process, the psychosomatic unity of human being, the neurophysiological roots of harmony between peoples and the way to personal and collective evolution of consciousness in order to realize a more conscious, peaceful, and sustainable planetary future. Consciousness is the key of human evolution.     

铁过度负荷与疾病

铁是机体微量元素中含量最多的一种,是血红蛋白、肌红蛋白、细胞色素系统、呼吸链的主要复合物、过氧物酶和过氧化氢酶等的重要组成部分,广泛参与机体生理功能和生化反应,缺铁可导致贫血等疾病。体内铁过多,称为铁过度负荷。随着医疗条件改善、生活水平提高,源于生理性因素、病理性因素和外源性铁剂应用(治疗性应用、预防性应用),铁过度负荷相关疾病日益增多。铁过度负荷可对内分泌代谢、心血管、神经系统、肾脏、肝脏等系统器官产生损害,导致多种疾病或使疾病加重。目前铁过度负荷相关疾病的治疗措施主要有放血疗法和药物治疗。放血疗法,只可作于短期治疗。去铁胺作为目前较为有效的去铁剂,由于价格昂贵,不能广泛应用于临床。铁过度负荷对人体的影响和相关疾病尚未外起医学界的重视。深入研究以铁过度负荷为主要和次要病因相关疾病,探索正确补铁措施,是预防铁过度负荷相关疾病、增进人体健康的重要措施,也是临床面临床的新课题。     

疾病的心理防御：人类如何应对病菌威胁

病菌和传染病构成的选择压力导致动物进化出了身体免疫以及行为免疫反应。而人类的大脑进化促使他们发展出了最为复杂的行为免疫系统。很早开始, 我们就依赖自身的各种行为免疫反应抵抗病菌。当这些疾病抵御机制跟群体生活协同进化之后, 我们的很多社会行为和态度都具有了减少疾病感染的功能, 它们包括对外群体成员的偏见、歧视, 以及对内群体成员的从众、服从。而更高层次的文化差异比如集体主义-个人主义, 至少部分原因是要管理与疾病感染有关的风险。本篇综述讨论了与抵御病菌威胁有关的社会行为、态度和其他心理现象。     

Cyborg identities and contemporary techno-utopias: adaptations and transformations of the body in the age of nanotechnology

The possibility of improving the human body through a closer relationship with technology in order to overcome the human species toward new stages of evolution is a constant element of techno-utopian visions, among other transhumanism. This projection to a radical transformation of the body - and mind - as a result of technological action is based on the concepts of adaptation, or non adaptation, of a human being to a world constantly changed by technoscience. The belief is that not only the body has to change, but that identity is not a stable concept. This mobility in the relationship between body and identity is typical of the post human thought, which inherits from the informational model the conviction that the biological embodiment of human is to be regarded as an accident of history rather than as an essential condition of life. Hybridization is therefore valued by the post human thought as a condition which has "made" the human as he is today, and it appears as a fundamental topic in any discourse on nanotechnology, biotechnology and development of human-machine interfaces.     

Evolving grounded communication for robots

The computational and robotic synthesis of language evolution is emerging as a new exciting field of research. The objective is to come up with precise operational models of how communities of agents, equipped with a cognitive apparatus, a sensori-motor system, and a body, can arrive at shared grounded communication systems. Such systems may have similar characteristics to animal communication or human language. Apart from its technological interest in building novel applications in the domain of human-robot or robot-robot interaction, this research is of interest to the many disciplines concerned with the origins and evolution of language and communication.     

BIOTECHNOTHEOLOGY AND DEMYTHOLOGIZATION OF STEM‐CELL RESEARCH

Biotechnology deals not only with new types of therapies for preventing and curing diseases but also with the creation of new technologies for the production of human flesh. Its ultimate aim is to create a new human body, a new person. Biotechnology wears the cloak not only of a new scientific paradigm but also of a kind of messianic religion. To develop new therapies, to destroy illnesses, to transform the human body into a nonmortal one—these are some of the promises it makes. In time, many of these promises will undoubtedly prove to be illusory, but they will nevertheless continue to have a significant impact on the way people think. Through a process that I call biotechnotheological analysis I show that biotechnology could eventually become not only a type of secular religion but even a type of mythic para‐Christian religion, one that incorporates the two most significant processes at work in every mythical religion: the process of mimesis and the ritual of the scapegoat. The essay is an attempt to understand biotechnological achievements, especially in stem‐cell research, in this new biotechnotheological way.     

Overweight and cognition

There is a growing concern among health authorities that an increasing number of people in the Western world become overweight and even obese. It is well known that obesity is related to several diseases (e.g., diabetes, stroke, and high blood pressure) and that such diseases related to obesity lead to early death. It has also been discussed whether overweight and obesity in themselves or in relation to such diseases lead to cognitive decline. On the basis of data from a large, population‐based, prospective study we examined three cognitive domains: episodic memory, semantic memory, and spatial ability. Two body measures were used to define normal weight and overweight, body‐mass index and waist/hip ratio. Although these two body measures reveal quite different prevalence data of overweight, the associations between overweight and cognition are similar. For episodic memory, overweight interacts with age, but when controlling for hypertension, stroke and diabetes, this interaction disappears. For semantic memory, normal weight participants outperform overweight participants even after controlling for these diseases. For spatial ability, the well‐established advantage for men holds for young‐old and old‐old normal‐weight participants. For overweight participants, this advantage holds for middle‐age participants only. We conclude that there is a weight‐cognition relationship even after controlling for obesity‐related diseases. The results are discussed in terms of possible biological mechanisms.