交叉学科——神经眼科学

神经眼科学是一门交叉学科,至少横跨了眼科、神经内科和神经外科.在神经眼科疾病的诊断上,以各个专科有限的专业知识来分析整个人体复杂的病情,难免会有其局限性或引起判断失误.我国神经眼科学发展缓慢,神经眼科这一交叉学科是相关科室的共同薄弱环节,因此有必要对神经眼科学进行探讨和哲学思考,以引起更多的重视.     

神经心理学手段及其在行为遗传学研究中的应用

神经心理学的检测手段包括神经心理学测验和仪器检查。行为遗传学是一门在多学科基础上发展形成的的交叉学科。近年来,应用神经心理学手段进行行为遗传学研究,已经取得了一些可喜的进展。     

《管子》古代医学思想与现代中西医眼科

《管子》初步揭示了眼的生理功能及其与全身脏腑器官特别是与肝脏及其疾病的密切关系,指出忧乐喜怒欲利所导致的精气丧失是眼病的病因,提出节制七情六欲、心平气和可预防眼病的发生。分析比较表明,以上《管子》古代医学思想大多被现代中西医眼科学所证实,为现代眼科学的发展奠定了一定的基础。     

肿瘤的心理神经免疫学研究进展

心理神经免疫学是研究行为、神经内分泌和免疫过程的一门交叉学科,近年来在心理社会因素与肿瘤的关系及其机制的研究中发挥出其独特的作用。目前已证明心理社会因素可以通过改变免疾系统来影响肿瘤的发生和发展,而神经内分泌系统参与了其中的信息传递和调节作用。本文就肿瘤的心理神经免疫学研究的新进展予以介绍。     

医学“交叉学科”浅析

医学交叉学科是现代医学教育不可或缺的学科,医学没有交叉学科作支撑,很难成为实实在在的医学,也很难培养出适应新世纪医学发展需要的具有综合素质的优秀医学人才。在以往研究的基础上具体阐述了医学交叉学科的内涵、主要交叉形式;分析了医学交叉学科出现的意义以及未能引起足够重视的诸多原因。目的在于提高医学人才培养、医学科学研究过程中对医学交叉学科的重视程度。     

医学"交叉学科"浅析

医学交叉学科是现代医学教育不可或缺的学科,医学没有交叉学科作支撑,很难成为实实在在的医学,也很难培养出适应新世纪医学发展需要的具有综合素质的优秀医学人才.在以往研究的基础上具体阐述了医学交叉学科的内涵、主要交叉形式;分析了医学交叉学科出现的意义以及未能引起足够重视的诸多原因.目的在于提高医学人才培养、医学科学研究过程中对医学交叉学科的重视程度.     

认知表象的神经机制

认知表象的神经机制丁峻（宁夏社会科学院）０引言在跨世纪的脑研究领域，形成了若干种很有活力的交叉学科，诸如认知心理学、分子神经科学、心理生物学、认知神经科学、计算神经科学等等。当代心理学家和神经科学家对于心理表象的宏观和微观探索，提供了一批卓有成效的科...     

中国眼外伤的社会因素分析

中国眼外伤的社会因素分析上海第二医科大学附属新华医院博士生（２０００９２）李秋明眼外伤是一种严重危害视力的眼科常见病，全国每年平均约发生眼外伤５００─１２００万例，占眼科住院病人的１６─３５％，为单眼盲的首位致盲原因，双眼盲有２．５６％由眼外伤引起，...     

多维范式下神经组织行为学的哲学基础、理论框架和研究方法

神经组织行为学是指通过探究组织现象背后的生物学运作机理, 从神经生理视角发展并重构组织行为学框架的新兴多领域交叉学科。多维范式下的神经组织行为学包括从还原论到涌现论的哲学基础, 基于社会情境认知理论、跨层次研究和逆向推理的理论框架, 以及神经成像法和ANS测量法并行的研究方法。未来研究应注意神经组织行为学可能给组织理论带来的变革, 以及研究方法的未来走向。     

生命信息科学中的学科交叉与系统综合

生命信息科学是一门多学科的交叉学科。什么是交义学科 ?顾名思义 ,通常是指两门以上的学科相互渗透 ,相互合作、共同研究而形成的一门新的学科。有人把交叉学科称之为“知识共同体” ,在日本则称之为“学际研究”。德国把交叉学科分成混杂性学科、假性学科、辅助性学利、构成性学科、补充性学科和统一性学科 6大类 ;法国分成线性学科、结构性学科和约束性学科 3大类。而中国对交叉学科通常有 3种提法 :其一 ,边缘学科 ,即对现实世界的不同层次的交错点进行研究 ,在两门学科交界处形成的学科 ;其二 ,横断学科 ,即对各种层次、各门专业学科中…     

Community Psychology at the Crossroads: Prospects for Interdisciplinary Research

Effective engagement in interdisciplinary work is critical if community psychology is to achieve its promise as a field of ecological inquiry and social action. The purpose of this paper and special issue is to help make the benefits of interdisciplinary community research clearer and to identify and begin to address its challenges. Although some areas of psychology (e.g., biological, cognitive and health) have made substantial interdisciplinary strides in recent decades, progress in community psychology (and related areas) is more modest. In this article we explore the prospects for expanding and improving interdisciplinary community research. Challenges include designs, measures, and analytical frameworks that integrate multiple levels of analysis from individuals through families, organizations, and communities to policy jurisdictions, and the complexities involved in simultaneously bringing together multiple disciplinary collaborators and community partners. Challenges to interdisciplinary collaboration common to all disciplines include the disciplinary nature of academic culture and reward structures, limited funding for interdisciplinary work and uncertainties related to professional identity and marketability. Overcoming these challenges requires a synergy among facilitative factors at the levels of the interdisciplinary project team (e.g., the framing question; embedded relationships; leadership), the investigators (e.g., commitment to new learning; time to invest), and the external context (e.g., physical, administrative, economic and intellectual resources and support for interdisciplinary work). We conclude by identifying several exemplars of effective interdisciplinary collaborations and concrete steps our field can take to enhance our development as a vibrant community-based, multilevel discipline increasingly devoted to interdisciplinary inquiry and action.     

At a Crossroad: Standing Still and Moving Forward

Reading the article, "Community psychology at the crossroads: Prospects for interdisciplinary research" (Maton, Perkins & Saegert, this issue), there is a sense that community psychology is at a crossroad with regard to being an interdisciplinary field. This paper aims to offer insight and guidance to proponents of interdisciplinary research in the community psychology field by drawing on experiences in urban studies, which shares similar origins and interdisciplinary claims.     

采用跨学科概念图推进中学生跨学科学业成就

为了检验跨学科概念图在跨学科知识整合中的作用,设计了跨学科概念图干预计划,以180名中学生为被试,采用实验组与控制组对比实验方法,探讨了跨学科概念图对跨学科学业成就的影响。结果表明:(1)跨学科概念图干预计划显著提高了实验组被试的跨学科学业成绩;(2)对于不同成就者而言,干预计划显著提高了中低成就者的跨学科学业成绩,而对高成就者跨学科学业成绩的影响不显著。这意味着跨学科概念图作为跨学科知识整合领域的智力适应工具能够有效提高学习者的跨学科学业成就,但是其对不同层次学习者跨学科学业成就的影响具有适应性差异。     

跨学科概念图创作能力与科学创造力的关系

采用科学领域的跨学科概念图创作任务, 探讨了跨学科概念图创作能力与科学创造力的关系。研究发现：（1）跨学科概念图创作能力与科学创造力显著正相关;（2）概念图创作的命题、交叉连接与创造力的流畅性、独创性、灵活性显著相关;交叉连接与独创性显著相关;（3）跨学科概念图创作能力的个体差异表现在科学创造力的各个方面。研究表明,跨学科概念图创作任务与科学创造力测验考察了学习者相似的心理能力;跨学科概念图创作不仅可以用于促进跨学科信息整合和知识建构,还可以作为理解学习者创造性思维能力的有效工具     

The Role of Interdisciplinary Teams in the Promotion of Physical and Mental Health

This article delineates important issues to be considered using special services professionals to develop and implement health promotion programs by means of a school-based interdisciplinary team approach. The current status of interdisciplinary teams is discussed and an expanded role for such teams in health promotion activities is advocated. Specific issues pertaining to interdisciplinary team organization and integration into school systems are reviewed in the context of health promotion program development.     

Interdisciplinarity as Hybrid Modeling

In this paper, I present a philosophical analysis of interdisciplinary scientific activities. I suggest that it is a fruitful approach to view interdisciplinarity in light of the recent literature on scientific representations. For this purpose I develop a meta-representational model in which interdisciplinarity is viewed in part as a process of integrating distinct scientific representational approaches. The analysis suggests that present methods for the evaluation of interdisciplinary projects places too much emphasis non-epistemic aspects of disciplinary integrations while more or less ignoring whether specific interdisciplinary collaborations puts us in a better, or worse, epistemic position. This leads to the conclusion that there are very good reasons for recommending a more cautious, systematic, and stringent approach to the development, evaluation, and execution of interdisciplinary science.     

Cultural Competence in Interdisciplinary Collaborations: A Method for Respecting Diversity in Research Partnerships

There is growing recognition of the need by funding agencies, universities, and research units for interdisciplinary research to tackle complex societal problems that cannot be adequately addressed by single disciplines alone. Interdisciplinary collaboration capitalizes on a diversity of perspectives and practices that each discipline offers in hopes of providing innovative solutions to multifaceted problems. However, for interdisciplinary work to be effective, members of the collaboration must recognize that cultural differences exist between and within disciplines. This paper conceptualizes disciplines as cultural groups and advocates for culturally competent practices to facilitate interdisciplinary research and practice. Specifically, each participant in interdisciplinary collaborations must value diversity, develop the capacity for self-assessment, work towards understanding one's own disciplinary culture, and be sensitive to the dynamics inherent when cultures interact. Additionally, members of any interdisciplinary endeavor must be cognizant of power dynamics at play and avoid such things as tokenism, informal hierarchies, and disciplinary policing. Through awareness of one's own disciplinary culture and sensitivity to others, interdisciplinary research and practice may provide creative solutions to important problems.     

Presumptuous or pluralistic presumptions of innocence? Methodological diagnosis towards conceptual reinvigoration

Synthese - This article is a contribution to interdisciplinary scholarship addressing the presumption of innocence, especially interdisciplinary conversations between philosophers and jurists....     

Applying interdisciplinary models to design,planning, and policy-making

The difficulty of handling complex problems has spawned challenges to the traditional paradigm of technical rationality in design, planning, and policy making. One of the most frequently proposed solutions is an interdisciplinary approach, though few writers have described the operational dynamics of such an approach. A global model of interdisciplinary problem-solving is presented based on the premise that the unity of the interdisciplinary approach derives from the creation of an intermediary process that relies on common language, shared information, a mutual sense of stakeholding, and the resolution of disciplinary differences. The theoretical underpinning of this approach is the conceptualization of interdisciplinary problem-solving as a communicative process that requires attention to the rhetorical and political dynamics of working with competing interests, practices, and disciplines. The practice portion is a composite picture of effective models, skills, activities, strategies, and techniques employed by actuals interdisciplinary teams. This global model offers a way of both theoretically and practically visualizing Th. K. van Lohuizen's ideal of achieving unity of town planning, an ideal that has profound implications for the organization of both professional practice and training.