探讨和完善生物医学期刊来稿中的伦理学问题

生物医学期刊来稿中最常见的伦理学问题就是受试者"知情同意"的问题.生物医学期刊通过提高编辑人员素质、加强医学伦理学宣传教育、对来稿严格把关以及协助科研机构建立和完善伦理学审查委员会,不断探讨和完善来稿中的伦理学问题,这不仅是对受试者负责,而且有利于医学科研人员素质的提高,有利于生物医学研究健康、有序的发展.     

医学生妇产科临床见习渗透伦理学教学的意义

现代医生应是专业技能与人文素养兼备的形象,医学伦理学素质是医学生理应具备的品格.实践证明,医学伦理学临床见习是培养医学生医学伦理学素质的必要环节.医学伦理学的临床见习,能固化医学生的知识体系,有利于医学生医学伦理学素质的养成,帮助提高医学生分析和解决医学临床实践中面临的伦理困境.而妇产科室由于其特殊性,在临床见习中渗透伦理学教学的意义尤为重大,通过妇产科医学伦理学临床见习的设计与实施,科学合理地选择见习的内容,寻找最佳的见习方式和方法,完善见习的评定体系和考核形式,医学伦理学的教学效果立竿见影.     

“知情同意权”在DOMI伤寒Vi疫苗示范项目中的实施分析

《纽伦堡法典》提出“人类受试者的自愿同意是绝对必要的”,国际组织及许多国家都通过直法对患者的知情同意权加以保护,使知情同意成为涉及人类受试者的生物医学研究中最受人关注的伦理学问题。     

浅议生物医学研究中不同主体的利益冲突

作为医学伦理学研究的重要内容,生物医学研究中的利益冲突问题日益受到公众、研究机构和管理部门的关注。探讨生物医学活动中研究者、研究机构、学术期刊三种不同主体利益冲突的表现、危害及其特点,以期有针对性地促进人们对该领域利益冲突问题的认识。     

浅议生物医学研究中不同主体的利益冲突

作为医学伦理学研究的重要内容,生物医学研究中的利益冲突问题日益受到公众、研究机构和管理部门的关注.探讨生物医学活动中研究者、研究机构、学术期刊三种不同主体利益冲突的表现、危害及其特点,以期有针对性地促进人们对该领域利益冲突问题的认识.     

欢迎订阅、欢迎投稿《中国医学伦理学》杂志

<正>《中国医学伦理学》杂志是国家科技部"中国科技论文统计源期刊"(中国科技核心期刊),是关于医学伦理学、生命伦理学的大型学术刊物。为专家学者、伦理审查者搭建学术交流与合作平台;为卫生管理者、医疗机构管理者加强职业道德建设,提高医疗机构竞争力和知名度提供有关伦理理论、典型经验和工作方法;为医护人员解决临床面临的伦理难题及构建和谐医患     

随机临床试验中伦理问题的探讨

随着我国的药物临床试验过程逐渐完善,药物临床试验水平不断提高,但伦理学方面并不十分完善.临床研究者和受试者应该明确自己的权益和义务,并在药物随机临床试验中,使受试者的权益得到更好的保护.本文论述并总结了药物临床试验中出现的问题,并提出了改进措施.     

《中华医学百科全书·医学伦理学卷》条目选载(一)

正知情同意(Informed Consent)指在疾病诊疗、预防、公共卫生、医学科研及其他医学实践活动中,患者及患者家属、受试者、公众享有知情和同意的权利;知情同意是医学伦理学最重要的伦理学原则之一,是自主原则在医疗实践中的具体应用,是医疗卫生服务人员和科研人员对患者、享受医疗保健各种服务和受试者个人权利的尊重的承诺。概述现代意义上的知情同意,起始于1946年对德国纳粹战犯的纽伦堡军事法庭决议部分内容的《纽伦     

剖析医学生对医学伦理学教学的意见——兼谈医学伦理学教改的目标

剖析医学生对医学伦理学教学的意见———兼谈医学伦理学教改的目标北京医科大学（１０００８３）李本富随机问卷调查１０７名接受过医学伦理学课堂教学的医学生对医学伦理学教学的时间安排和教学目的、内容、方法的意见,在统计、剖析这些意见的基础上,提出进一步完善的...     

精准医学变革下的医学伦理学思考

随着精准医学的不断发展,诸多医学伦理学的问题逐渐显现出来。如何认识和解决精准医学研究中的伦理学困境,更好地适应其发展的需要,成为亟需解决的问题。分析了精准医学中如何贯彻知情同意原则,基因技术应用中存在的隐私保护和保密问题,精准医学以及精准药学开展过程中的社会公平原则以及测序结果反馈中的伦理问题。结合国内外精准医学开展的背景和现状进行讨论,建议尽快搭建完善的精准医学伦理学框架,维护研究人员、医务工作者和患者的正当权益。     

生物医学技术创新与产业化浅议--中南大学生殖与干细胞工程研究所技术创新实践的思考

回顾辅助生殖技术到干细胞工程的发展历程,探讨生物医学技术产业化过程中存在的问题及生物医学技术创新对学科建设和发展的影响.结论是生物医学科学创新原理必须转化为技术创新原理才能进而转化为生产力.而生物医学技术的不断创新要通过产业化来实现,产业化促进了学科发展规模和科学研究的持续深入.     

Authorship in a small medical journal: A study of contributorship statements by corresponding authors

The authorship criteria of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) are widely accepted in biomedical journals, but many studies in large and prestigious journals show that a considerable proportion of authors do not fulfill these criteria. We investigated authorship contributions in a small medical journal outside the scientific mainstream, to see if poor adherence to authorship criteria is common in biomedical journals. We analyzed statements on research contribution, as checked by the corresponding author, for individual authors of 114 research articles, representing 475 authors, submitted to the Croatian Medical Journal (CMJ) from 1999 to 2000. Only 40% of authors fulfilled the ICMJE authorship criteria. The authors listed first on the by-line were more likely to fulfill the authorship criteria than all other authors on the by-line. The percentage of authors fulfilling the ICMJE criteria of authorship decreased with the increase in the number of authors listed on the by-line. These results indicate that poor adherence to ICMJE authorship criteria is poor across biomedical journals, regardless of the size of the scientific community. Authorship and contributorship in biomedical journals, as well as editorial ethical responsibilities towards authorship criteria need critical redefinition and education of both editors and authors.     

工程设计的伦理意蕴

工程设计不是单独的个人行为,而是富有文化意蕴的社会性的系统行动。它以生态保护为基本伦理原则,以以人为本为主要评价标准。工程设计伦理的主要特征是科学精神与人文精神的有机结合,价值理性挑战工具理性的集中体现,环境伦理、技术伦理与社会伦理的融合统一。     

Reflections on the interface of bioethics, public policy and science

This paper discusses the role of ethical considerations in the formulation of public policies aimed at shaping the scientific agenda. Specifically, new and controversial public policy issues will confront us in the twenty-first century as the result of developments on the frontiers of biomedical science. Some of the anxieties in the ethical arena generated by the rapid pace of these developments are likely to result in efforts to place constraints on the shape of the scientific agenda and the application of new knowledge. Our moral propositions, therefore, will be tested and re-tested in their application to evolving social, cultural, and historical circumstances and the ever-changing technological context.     

Conflict of interest policies in science and medical journals: Editorial practices and author disclosures

This study examines the extent to which scientific and biomedical journals have adopted conflict of interest (COI) policies for authors, and whether the adoption and content of such policies leads to the publishing of authors’ financial interest disclosure statements by such journals. In particular, it reports the results of a survey of journal editors about their practices regarding COI disclosures. About 16 percent of 1396 highly ranked scientific and biomedical journals had COI policies in effect during 1997. Less than 1 percent of the articles published during that year in the journals with COI policies contained any disclosures of author personal financial interests while nearly 66 percent of the journals had zero disclosures of author personal financial interests. Nearly three fourths of journal editors surveyed usually publish author disclosure statements suggesting that low rates of personal financial disclosures are either a result of low rates of author financial interest in the subject matter of their publications or poor compliance by authors to the journals’ COI policies.     

The ethic of caring: the moral response to suffering

An ethic of care can be distinguished from an ethic based on autonomous rights, utilitarian principles, or indeed principles of any kind, since care has less to do with intellect than with emotions and will. Moreover, an ethic of care is consistent with the example of Jesus and the virtues advocated by the apostle Paul. Emily A. Hitchens and Lilyan S. Snow make their case with particular reference to accounts by Civil War nurses, who developed the skills of care without precedent and without the expectation of cure that scientific medicine has aroused.     

Action,interaction and inaction: post-Kantian accounts of thinking,willing, and doing in Fichte and Schopenhauer

This article features the contributions of Fichte and Schopenhauer to a philosophical account of action against the background of Kant's earlier and influential treatment of the topic. The article first presents Kant's pertinent contributions in the areas of general epistemology and metaphysics (“transcendental philosophy”), general practical philosophy (“moral philosophy”), the philosophy of law (“doctrine of right”) and ethic (“doctrine of virtues”). Then the focus is on Fichte's further original work on the issue of action in those same areas. Finally, the article turns to Schopenhauer's radical revision of the Kantian and Fichtean affirmative accounts of acting and willing through the correlated introduction of the irrational will, the self-negated will and ethical inaction.     

Psychology and Aging: the first 20 years

This article provides a review of the first 20 years of Psychology and Aging, the American Psychological Association's first and only scholarly journal devoted to the topic of aging. The authors briefly summarize its history, its contributions to the study of aging, and its broader status as a scholarly publication. One theme highlighted in our review is the diversity of content in the journal throughout its history. Another is the strong impact that articles published in the journal have had on both basic and applied topics in aging. Efforts to encompass the breadth of topics and methodologies in aging research while retaining excellent quality remain the exciting but essential challenge for Psychology and Aging.     

Natural Law and Perfect Community: Contributions of Christian Platonism to Political Theory

This paper undertakes two tasks. Firstly, it argues that the concept of subjective rights has no place in a Christian ethic of community, even in a "natural-law" ethic, because it is wedded, both historically and necessarily, to a theologically doubtful foundation of individual and collective proprietorship of human and non-human nature. Secondly, it elaborates and alternative communal ethic of love, law and natural order from within the Augustinian Platonist tradition of individual and collective non-proprietorship, concentrating on the theological contributions made by the medieval Franciscans (especially St. Bonaventure) and later by John Wyclif.