共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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以61名大学生为被试,采用三个独立的单类内隐联想测验(SC-IAT)考察心理疾病内隐污名的构成及其内隐效应。结果发现:(1)在认知评价、情感反应、行为倾向及其三者合并的4个SC-IATs中,被试在相容任务上的反应时均显著快于不相容任务;(2)总的SC-IAT和三个独立SC-IAT的内隐效应显著;(3)65.27%的被试的内隐效应值大于0,表现出对心理疾病患者负面的内隐态度;(4)研究采用的心理疾病内隐污名SC-IAT具有较好的信、效度指标。研究表明,被试倾向于将心理疾病与消极词联结在一起,心理疾病污名的内隐效应显著;心理疾病内隐污名包括自动化的负面认知、消极情感反应和歧视倾向。 相似文献
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IAT在内隐助人态度上的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
内隐联想测验(Implicit Association Test)是研究内隐社会认知的一种新方法,根据内隐联想测验的基本原理,采用IAT对内隐助人态度进行了研究。主要采用词汇测验,目标概念是助人性和非助人性词汇,属性概念是积极词和消极词。通过比较目标概念和属性概念在不同联结情况下被试完成分类任务所用的反应时之差,来确定其是否具有倾向于助人的内隐态度。结果发现:1)IAT词汇测验中,助人性信息和积极性词汇之间的平均反应时小于助人性信息和消极性词汇之间的平均反应时,且差异显著;2)IAT测验中,男女被试间无显著性差异。研究表明,IAT可以应用于内隐助人态度的研究。 相似文献
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采用语义差异法编制心理疾病污名语义差异量表,用于测量外显污名,并用语义差异量表的词对作为单类内隐联想测验的材料,测量内隐污名,用这两类材料研究外显污名与内隐污名的结构及关系。结果表明:外显污名的三维度模型具有良好的拟合度(χ2/df=2.99, RMSEA=0.075, CFI=0.918, TLI=0.902);内隐污名的三维度模型也具有良好的拟合度(χ2/df=2.272, RMSEA=0.071, CFI=0.857, TLI=0.833),且与外显污名的结构相同,都由认知评价、情感体验、行为反应三维度构成;心理疾病污名的外显认知评价与内隐认知评价存在显著相关(r=0.436),外显污名与内隐污名的其它维度之间均不存在显著相关。 相似文献
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采用外部情绪性Simon任务(EAST)对109名大学生对代表自我和他人的刺激词的态度差异进行测量,从而探讨内隐自尊的特性。结果显示:在个体的认知图式中,对自我持有一种内隐的积极的评价或态度,对他人持有一种内隐的相对消极的评价或态度。具体表现在:(1)内隐自尊的特性是将自己与积极的评价和情感相联系,将他人与消极的评价和情感相联系;(2)自我姓名激活的积极的内隐自我态度比一般性自我词更为强烈,而他人姓名激活的消极的内隐态度比一般性非我词更弱。本研究表明,EAST能有效检测出内隐自尊效应,并可以同时获得个体对自我和他人的内隐态度的强度和方向,为内隐自尊研究提供了一种新的有效的方法,但其应用仍需谨慎。 相似文献
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该研究随机抽取120名大学生,采用刻板解释偏差(SEB)对艾滋病内隐污名进行了探讨。结果发现:大学生对艾滋病有关的主语在积极行为情境下的归因数量显著少于在消极行为情境下的归因数量。对艾滋病有关的主语在与积极行为情景下的外归因数量显著少于消极行为情境下的外归因数量。这一结果表明大学生被试不存在内隐艾滋病污名。由于SEB方法的一些特点,内隐艾滋病污名还需进一步的验证,SEB作为测查高社会赞许性的内隐心理现象的有效性还需进一步讨论。 相似文献
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吸烟者内隐态度的ERP研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用内隐联想测验的变式——WIAT研究吸烟者对吸烟行为的内隐态度,并用事件相关电位(ERP)技术探讨吸烟者在进行WIAT任务时的脑内时程变化。结果发现,吸烟者对于吸烟行为的内隐态度是消极的。吸烟词语与两类属性词(积极和消极)相联时诱发的ERPs有显著差异,体现在多个ERP成分(P1、N2、N4、LPC)中。结果表明,吸烟者的内隐态度在早期就受情绪的调节和影响;而两个冲突负波的出现表明,在内隐态度的加工过程中可能存在认知评价的过程。晚正成分的差异则表明,当吸烟词语与消极词相联时唤醒度更高、吸烟者的注意有增强趋势。实验结果支持了态度的三元论。 相似文献
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目的:考查大学生对临终污名者的内隐、外显态度。方法:使用内隐联想测验(IAT)和相应的外显测验,对安徽师大在校本科生、研究生共60名进行实验研究。结果:大学生在临终者内隐态度上,不相容任务反应时(1185.53±278.95)ms长于相容任务反应时(765.62±199.10)ms;大学生对临终者外显态度均表现出消极态度,但对于临终关怀的态度表现出积极(1.54±0.52);被试的性别以及被试是否接触过临终者并不能改变内隐以及外显态度。结论:大学生对临终者具有负面刻板印象以及污名效应,临终关怀以及对临终者的偏见应该引起重视。 相似文献
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The Implicit Association Test (IAT) provides a relative measure of implicit association strengths between target and attribute categories. In contrast, the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT) measures association strength with a single attribute category. This can be advantageous if a complementary category--as used in the IAT--cannot be composed or is undesired. If the SC-IAT is to be a meaningful supplement to the IAT, it should meet the same requirements. In an online experiment with a large and heterogeneous sample, the fakability of both implicit measures was investigated when measuring anxiety. Both measures were fakable through specific instruction (e.g., "Slow down your reactions") but unfakable through nonspecific faking instruction even though nonspecific instruction was given immediately before the critical blocks (e.g., "Alter your reaction times"). When comparing the methodological quality of both implicit measures, the SC-IAT had lower internal consistency than the IAT. Moreover, with specific faking instructions, the SC-IAT was possible to fake to a larger extent than the IAT. 相似文献
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主要考察大学生对穷人的消极刻板印象及猜测偏向。实验1中的两个单类内隐联想测验结果与前人研究基本一致:虽然被试对穷人热情的评价相对积极,但总体上认为穷人低能力、低热情。实验2通过源监测任务发现,在忘记特质词来源的情况下,被试倾向于猜测消极特质词来自贫困者,积极特质词来自小康者。研究不仅证实了大学生对穷人的消极刻板印象,而且进一步发现大学生存在对穷人的消极猜测偏向。 相似文献
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Applying Goffman’s stigma-status framework and using data from a survey administered to college students (N = 556), we find that respondents who have been diagnosed with a mental illness (the “own”) or who know a family member or friend with a mental illness diagnosis (the “wise”) express lower desired social distance from persons with a mental illness than other respondents (“normals”). Also, informally labeling symptoms as “mental illness” reduced social distance among those similarly diagnosed. However, perceived dangerousness did not vary across stigma status, and the socially-distancing effects of perceived dangerousness were more pronounced among the “own.” 相似文献
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Eunike Jonathan 《The International journal for the psychology of religion》2013,23(4):316-329
The goal of this study was to examine relations among dimensions of religiosity and explicit and implicit attitudes about homosexuals. Implicit attitudes were measured using the Implicit Association Test, an instrument that assesses attitudes about objects, persons, or groups, indirectly via participants' response times to words that are paired with symbols (e.g., “gay” and “straight” couples). Participants also completed explicit measures of religious fundamentalism, Christian orthodoxy, right-wing authoritarianism, and attitudes toward homosexuals. With respect to explicit attitudes, the results were consistent with previous research. Religious fundamentalism and right-wing authoritarianism predicted negative attitudes toward homosexuals, whereas Christian orthodoxy predicted more positive attitudes. In contrast, right-wing authoritarianism was the only significant predictor of implicit attitudes. People who scored high on a measure of right-wing authoritarianism had more negative explicit and implicit attitudes toward homosexuals than did people who scored low. Right-wing authoritarianism appears to play an important role in predicting both explicit and implicit attitudes toward homosexuals. 相似文献
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Gerhard Rudnitzki 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2013,63(4):576-577
AbstractInternalized stigma has been suggested to play a major role in negative changes in identity in severe mental illness. Evidence suggests that roughly one-third of people with severe mental illness show elevated internalized stigma and that it is linked to compromised outcomes in both subjective and objective aspects of recovery. Despite substantial evidence for the impact of internalized stigma, few efforts have been made to develop professionally led treatment to address this issue. In this article, we discuss our development of a new group-based approach to the treatment of internalized stigma which we have termed “narrative enhancement and cognitive therapy (NECT)”. We describe the treatment approach and offer an illustration of it by way of a case vignette. 相似文献
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Daniel D. Rosen David Greenberg James Schmeidler Gaby Shefler 《Mental health, religion & culture》2013,16(2):193-209
During 3 months in 2004, 38 recent referrals to a Community Mental Health Clinic in North Jerusalem, a substantially Ultra-Orthodox Jewish neighborhood, were evaluated by the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue. This questionnaire, which includes a 13-item scale measuring stigma towards mental illness, was adapted and translated into Hebrew. Patients with a more religious upbringing expressed a greater sense of stigma towards mental illness; however, patients who now had a more religious affiliation did not. The 14 patients who had experienced a religious change toward a more religious affiliation reported a lower level of stigma than the 24 non-returnees. Even when controlling for religious upbringing, the partial correlation between stigma score and religious change was significant. Stigma was lower among younger but not older returnees. Findings from this study support the hypothesis that a stigma of mental illness may be a deterrent to the use of a public mental-health clinic for religious Jews in Israel. Ultra-Orthodox Jewish patients (especially non-Hasidic) used a nonreligious explanatory model (perception and understanding) of mental illness more often than a religious explanatory model. This last finding could reflect a shift in the Ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities from a religious to a more medical and psychological explanatory model. 相似文献