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1.
任俊 《宗教学研究》2007,9(3):112-116
佛教是一种重要的东方哲学文化,它的一些精神已经渗透进了当代的许多学科领域。在心理学领域,心理学在思想层面、理论层面和实践层面都能看到佛教的核心精神——Dukkha箴言(人的苦难)、Tanha箴言(人的欲望)、Nirvana箴言(苦难中的涅槃)和Magga箴言(摆脱苦难的路径)的影子。因此,探求佛教文化在当代心理学中的生存状况,寻找心理学视野下的真实佛教就成为当代心理学研究的一个基础性问题。  相似文献   

2.
康德把道德的任务规定为对无条件的善的寻求.无条件的善的内涵中包含了无条件的命令式,即定言命令.定言命令要求道德哲学进入形而上学的领域而且要求理性的自我立法能力,即自律.由于自律和自由是交互性的概念,所以不能从自由中推论出道德律.于是康德在第二批判中转向对理性事实的诉求.理性的事实是个颇多微词的提法,就海德格尔的观点看,它本身的存在方式恰恰是没有充分给出的.而且它并不是不可追溯的,它根源于社会存在.  相似文献   

3.
库恩的后达尔文式康德主义中的心理学方法论探析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李炳全 《心理学探新》2003,23(3):11-14,43
库恩的后达尔文式康德主义主要是一种方法论,对当今的心理学发展具有重要意义。它为文化人类学方法在心理学中的运用与发展奠定了理论基础,为重新审视心理学知识和学科发展提供了一个新视角,促进了多元文化等心理学取向形成与发展和解释学方法的扶正,加强了普遍联系观和整体化或系统化方法在心理学中的地位,有助于心理学哲学研究的兴起,为理论心理学的复兴打开了方便之门。  相似文献   

4.
康德把道德的任务规定为对无条件的善的寻求。无条件的善的内涵中包含了无条件的命令式,即绝对命令。绝对命令要求道德哲学进入形而上学的领域而且要求理性的自我立法能力,即自律。由于自律和自由是交互性的概念,所以不能从自由中推论出道德律。于是康德在第二批判中转向对理性事实的诉求。理性的事实是个颇多微词的提法,就海德格尔的观点看,它本身的存在方式恰恰是没有充分给出的。而且它并不是不可追溯的,它根源于社会存在。  相似文献   

5.
公共理性是康德和罗尔斯都关注的论题之一.康德把公共理性与包括道德启蒙在内的人类启蒙相勾连,以实践理性为根据,揭示了公共理性与人格、道德律令、正义等的可能性联系.罗尔斯力图在人的一种深度自我道德启蒙的意义上,进一步阐明公共理性与自我、正义、道德感等的关系.康德和罗尔斯对公共理性及其道德意义的诠释,本质上是对现代公民道德的存在根据与根本特征的阐明.  相似文献   

6.
康德终生关注人,尤其关注实践意义的人。在实践论范围内,他把人放置到人与自身、人与他人、人与上帝诸多关系中去加以审视。人与自身的关系其实就是理性与感性、自由与自然的关系。理性独立于并超越感性之自然从而争得自由,才有道德,才成其为人。于此,康德强调此种独立与超越之自由,强调理性自律的道德价值。人与他人的关系就是理性与理性、自由与自由的关系。理性与理性、自由与自由乃是基于道德之上的人格平等的关系,是诸多立法意志的平等关系。于此,康德强调人格之间的平等,强调理性立法的人格尊严。人与上帝的关系就是意志个别与意志一般、理性个别与理性一般的关系。康德引出上帝旨在解决道德与幸福的关系问题,即至善问题。在康德看来,上帝乃是理性自身的一种主观设定,人对上帝的信仰不过是理性对自身设定理想的信仰,即对正义的信仰。于此,康德强调正义,强调理性战胜人类自我、调整社会的理想。综上所述,可以看出,康德实践意义之人的真正内涵就是理性自由、理性平等、理性正义。康德大讲理性乃其一大贡献,但只讲理性又为其不足。马克思主义不满足于此,才有人是现实的社会关系的总和之说。  相似文献   

7.
康德的人生哲学是其思辨哲学体系的一个重要组成部分 ,但目前国内学术界对它的研究还很薄弱。本文通过对康德人生哲学的系统考察 ,认为康德人生哲学的出发点是纯粹理性及其设定的双重自我 ;康德的实践理性在其人生哲学的研究中必然处于优先的位置 ;康德人生哲学最后必然在实践理性的至高境界——“至善”中实现超越。  相似文献   

8.
海德格尔等批评康德的心灵是非具身的。康德在《形而上学讲座》中明确坚持心灵与身体是结合起来的,尽管心灵在身体中没有确定位置,但在人类生命之中,心灵总是具身的。对1768年《对空间中的方位区分的最终根据的考察》的论证分析表明,心灵的具身性思想对康德哲学的发展具有重要意义。阿默克斯等的研究也表明,心灵的具身性思想对理解《纯粹理性批判》同样重要。  相似文献   

9.
刘凤娟 《哲学研究》2023,(9):118-127
恶的起源是康德宗教哲学中一个重要的问题,他在该问题上的立场不仅表明了人类理性主体性地位的提升,也说明了他对基督教经典教义所作的重新诠释。具体而言,该问题涉及上溯和下延两个分主题。在上溯路径中,康德考察了人的恶行的理性根据,这对应于他道德哲学中的行动归责问题。在下延路径中,康德解释了恶行如何基于理性根据而产生的问题。他在探讨恶行的发生以及趋恶的倾向在始祖身上产生的细节时,特别突出了社会因素的作用。在康德那里,尽管社会因素对人的影响不是决定性的,但仍是必要非充分的条件。概言之,恶行是每个个体基于其感性偏好和社会环境的影响而自由地做出的。  相似文献   

10.
Reason和reasons都可以表示动机,但reason意义上的动机被理解为能够产生行为的要素, 因而一切能够导致道德行为发生的因素都属于行为的动机;而reasons意义上的动机则可以 被理解为行为者被激发的行为理由。近代康德道德动机论主要在reason的意义上 讨论动机,而当代以内格尔和斯坎伦为代表的道德动机论的康德主义则将主题转向reasons 。从reason到reasons,道德动机由被逻各斯视为法则的绝对理性所统摄演化为被努斯视为 灵魂的理由理性所构建,道德哲学也通过新的道德动机理性观开创了新的发展路径,由此, 道德动机自身也由主体的自律性约束发展为主体间的普遍性建构,而这既体现出道德动机论 的康德主义以合情理性(reasonableness)对康德道德动机论的合理性(rationality)的扬弃 ,同时也回应了休谟主义对康德主义的批判,并彰显了康德主义对现实道德生活的观照。  相似文献   

11.
    
I argue that the claim that all value is conferred is incompatible with the view that the capacity to set ends is unconditionally valuable. While this objection has been made, I offer a rebuttal and then a counterexample to the rebuttal. I also argue that, if all value were conferred, then the Kantian notion that moral wrongness consists in a practical contradiction is undermined.  相似文献   

12.
    
ABSTRACT

In this paper I argue that Kant’s complex argument against materialism involves not only his generic commitment to the existence of non-spatio-temporal and thus non-material things in themselves (which follows directly from Transcendental Idealism), but also considerations pertaining to reason and the subject of our thoughts. Specifically, I argue that because Kant conceives of reason in such a way that it demands a commitment to the existence of the unconditioned so that we can account for whatever conditioned objects we encounter in experience, our thoughts, which are also conditioned, require something unconditioned that, because it is unconditioned, cannot be material. In this way, Kant’s attitude towards materialism is based not only on abstract features of his metaphysics and epistemology, but also on specific features that were under serious discussion in the early modern period.  相似文献   

13.
    
This paper defends an interpretation of the representational function of sensation in Kant's theory of empirical cognition. Against those who argue that sensations are ‘subjective representations’ and hence can only represent the sensory state of the subject, I argue that Kant appeals to different notions of subjectivity, and that the subjectivity of sensations is consistent with sensations representing external, spatial objects. Against those who claim that sensations cannot be representational at all, because sensations are not cognitively sophisticated enough to possess intentionality, I argue that Kant does not use the term ‘Vorstellung’ to refer to intentional mental states exclusively. Sensations do not possess their own intentionality, but they nevertheless perform a representational function in virtue of their role as the matter of empirical intuition. In empirical intuition, the sensory qualities given in sensation are combined with the representation of space to constitute the intuited appearance. The representational function of sensation consists in sensation being the medium out of which intuited appearances are constituted: the qualities of sensations stand in for what the understanding will judge (conceptualize) as material substance.  相似文献   

14.
    
ABSTRACT

Starting from an analogy with Quine’s two dogmas of empiricism, I offer a (neo-Kantian) critique of two dogmas of analytic historiography: the belief in a cleavage between the justification of a philosophical claim and an account of its genesis and the belief in rational reconstructionism. I take Russell’s rational reconstruction of Leibniz’s philosophy as my detailed example.  相似文献   

15.
苏俄心理学是现代心理科学的一个重要的组成部分。近一个世纪来,苏俄心理学不仅对我国心理学的发展产生了重要影响,而且也从理论与实践双重层面给我们以有益的启示。  相似文献   

16.
行为金融学与心理学   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14       下载免费PDF全文
由于理性经济人假设与实际的偏差,经典现代金融学遇到了一些被称为“未解之谜”的现实问题。行为金融学是从人们的实际决策行为出发来研究和解释金融市场的相关问题。因此,心理学的研究成果就成为行为金融学研究必不可少的基础。与投资者信念、偏好以及决策相关的情感心理学、认知心理学和社会心理学的研究成果在行为金融学各领域得到了广泛的应用。金融学与心理学两个领域的密切合作将推动行为金融学的进一步发展。  相似文献   

17.
Are the pure intuitions of space and time, for Kant, dependent upon the understanding's activity? This paper defends the recently popular Self-Affection Thesis (SAT): namely, that the pure intuitions require an activity of self-affection—an influence of the understanding on the inner sense. Two systematic objections to this thesis have been raised: The Independence objection claims that SAT undermines the independence of sensibility; the Compatibility objection claims that certain features of space and time are incompatible with being the products of the understanding's activity. I show that the resources to rebut these objections can be found in Kant's account of causal influence.  相似文献   

18.
Philosophy: what is to be done?   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Cristina Bicchieri 《Topoi》2006,25(1-2):21-23
The isolation and professionalization of philosophy is detrimental to it. The most interesting philosophical activity is conducted at the interface of philosophy and other disciplines. Thus philosophy must continue to cross boundaries and avoid fretting about what is and is not philosophy proper.  相似文献   

19.
    
Liu (Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 000, 000) attempts to articulate an epistemology for the aspirational practice of Height Psychology as a human science informed by Kantian epistemology in dialogue with other philosophies, especially Confucianism and Taoism. Height Psychology is a framework or metatheory for the practice of teaching, research, and service rooted in Kantian epistemology, in dialogue with other philosophies. It provides a holistic philosophy for social scientists responding to wicked problems unfolding over long periods of time. In responding to commentaries, I suggest a corollary to Shweder's (Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 3, p. 207) ‘One mind, many mentalities’: ‘Many indigenous psychologies, interconnected by one epistemology’. Height Psychology is about holding to an invisible moral centre. The practical postulates are foundational to the moral and ethical practices of human societies: they are for doing, their value is ontological. Human agency, proscribed by natural science epistemologies takes centre stage in Height Psychology by facilitating social scientists to act reflexively from multiple positions (from basic to action research) to benefit society. Height Psychology is dedicated to articulating and actioning the moral and ethical basis of a human science that can assist present and future generations of social scientists to meet the grave situational futures facing us in different parts of the world.  相似文献   

20.
    
The situationist challenge to virtue has convinced many philosophers to adopt an empirically grounded methodology. I argue that this methodology requires us to reconsider conceptualizations of and evidence on character from experiments involving Asian subjects because it is precisely in these experiments that we see a remedy for the problems exposed by situationism. Since both situationists and defenders of virtue fall short of abiding by the part of their methodological commitment associated with remediation, evidence from the experiments is relevant for most participants in the debate. I show that the evidence indicates something important about remediation: the point is not to avoid the concept of virtue or character, but to deploy a holistic thinking style that has been observed among some populations in Asia. Holistic thinking involves (a) a tendency to explain behavior in terms of the interaction between person and situation variables and (b) an incremental understanding of character. The paper ends with a brief sketch of an account of character from holistic thinking that also highlights the role of social support in managing situations.  相似文献   

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