从系统论分析脑出血的微创治疗

运用系统论方法的基本原则对脑出血微创治疗进行分析,确定系统论的临床指导性作用,并揭示在医学科学临床中灵活地运用辩证思维方法和系统论科学方法,可以拓宽临床的诊疗思路,为疾病的诊治提供最佳方案,对医学临床研究的发展有极其重要的意义.     

从系统论分析肾病综合症的诊断治疗

分析系统论方法主要基本原则在肾病综合症诊治中的指导性作用.揭示在医学科学研究中自觉、主动地运用辩证思维方法和系统论科学方法,可以拓展研究的新思路,为疾病的诊治提供最佳方案,对促进和指导医学研究发展有极其重要的意义.     

从系统论看细胞因子在妊娠、分娩中的作用

应用系统论的整体性、联系性、动态性、综合性、有序性、最优化等原则,分析细胞因子对妊娠和分娩的免疫调节作用。揭示在医学科学研究中自觉、主动地运用辩证思维方法和系统论科学方法,可以拓展我们的研究思路,有助于寻求病理性妊娠可能的防治方法。     

从系统论看细胞因子在妊娠、分娩中的作用

应用系统论的整体性、联系性、动态性、综合性、有序性、最优化等原则,分析细胞因子对妊娠和分娩的免疫调节作用.揭示在医学科学研究中自觉、主动地运用辩证思维方法和系统论科学方法,可以拓展我们的研究思路,有助于寻求病理性妊娠可能的防治方法.     

从系统论看细胞因子在妊娠、分娩中的作用

应用系统论的整体性、联系性、动态性、综合性、有序性、最优化等原则,分析细胞因子对妊娠和分娩的免疫调节作用。揭示在医学科学研究中自觉、主动地运用辩证思维方法和系统论科学方法,可以拓展我们的研究思路,有助于寻求病理性妊娠可能的防治方法。     

早期复发性流产的系统论思考

早期复发性流产是妊娠期妇女较常见的疾病.根据系统论方法主要基本原则,分析其在早期复发性流产诊断治疗中的指导性作用.揭示在医学科学研究中自觉、主动地运用辩证思维方法和系统论科学方法,可以拓展我们的研究思路,为疾病的诊断治疗提供最佳方案.     

早期复发性流产的系统论思考

早期复发性流产是妊娠期妇女较常见的疾病。根据系统论方法主要基本原则,分析其在早期复发性流产诊断治疗中的指导性作用。揭示在医学科学研究中自觉、主动地运用辩证思维方法和系统论科学方法,可以拓展我们的研究思路,为疾病的诊断治疗提供最佳方案。     

乳腺癌预后多因素研究的系统观

分析系统论在乳腺癌预后多因素研究中的指导和预见作用,阐明在临床科学研究中自觉、主动地运用系统论的科学方法,可以拓展研究思路,为乳腺癌的治疗提供新的方法;同时也提示还原法仅是系统论研究的基础方法之一,而非唯一方法。在基于系统论的研究中,应当将还原法、整体法有机结合。     

乳腺癌预后多因素研究的系统观

分析系统论在乳腺癌预后多因素研究中的指导和预见作用,阐明在临床科学研究中自觉、主动地运用系统论的科学方法,可以拓展研究思路,为乳腺癌的治疗提供新的方法;同时也提示还原法但是系统论研究的基础方法之一,而非唯一方法.在基于系统论的研究中,应当将还原法、整体法有机结合.     

完善自身免疫性糖尿病胰岛炎核素显像研究及其思考

回顾和综述自身免疫性糖尿病胰岛炎核素显像技术的产生、发展过程和最新研究进展.分析系统论方法主要基本原则在该技术研究进展中的指导性作用.揭示在医学科学研究中自觉、主动地运用辨证思维方法和系统论科学方法,可以拓展研究的新思路,为深入认识、改进和创造先进技术提供有效手段、为制定研究的最佳方案及优化组合提供新途径,对促进和指导医学研究发展有极其重要的意义.     

新尝试“假设法脑出血测量”与常用方法的对比

介绍一种CT脑血肿体积测量的新方法——假设法。制作水模进行CT扫描,分别用CT脑出血测量之假设法与多田公式法、CT定量法对其测量,比较结果的准确性。该方法较多田公式法、CT定量法更便捷准确。此假设法,计算简单、快速、准确,比多田公式法、CT定量法更具优势。     

剖宫产术后盆腔血肿6例临床分析

本文探讨剖宫产术后盆腔血肿形成的原因、早期诊断、治疗及预防措施。对我院2010年3月～2011年4月1800例剖宫产术后发生盆腔血肿的6例患者资料进行回顾性分析,盆腔血肿发生率为0．33％,均通过B超检查确诊,3例保守治疗,3例在B超下穿刺治疗,均治愈。剖宫产后盆腔血肿的形成有多种原因,多在术后一周左右B超检查确诊。早...     

The influence of a salience distinction between bilateral cues on the latency of target‐detection saccades

The spatial cueing paradigm, with saccades to targets as the method of response, was used to investigate the influence of two simultaneously presented cues on the orienting of visual attention. Participants were presented with bilateral cues, one of which was perceptually salient (high luminance) relative to the other. They participated in one of three conditions: in the ‘bright side likely’ condition targets usually (p = .8) appeared near the more salient cue; in the ‘dim side likely’ condition targets usually (p = .8) appeared near the less salient cue; and in the ‘neutral’ condition the arrangement of the cues was uninformative with respect to target location. Brief SOAs (0, 50, 100 and 150 ms) were employed. Rapid reflexive orienting to the more salient stimulus was observed in the neutral condition: saccadic latencies were faster when the target appeared near the bright cue, and this was found even across the two shortest SOAs. However, this reflexive orienting was suppressed in both the bright side likely and dim side likely conditions: the advantage observed at the bright cue's location across the two shortest SOAs in the neutral condition was significantly attenuated in the two contingent conditions. Results point to rapid expectancy‐based interference in the reflexive process of attention capture.     

When Silence Speaks Louder Than Words: Explorations Into the Intrapsychic and Interpersonal Consequences of Social Ostracism

Respondents wrote 2 stories, 1 about a time they were given the silent treatment and 1 about a time they used the silent treatment on another. Content analyses indicated that targets who were unable to attribute the ostracism to a specific cause suffered greater threats to belongingness and self-esteem than those who understood the reasons for their treatment. Targets who felt that others were oblivious to their presence reported stronger threats to belongingness, self-esteem, and meaningful existence and were more likely to affiliate with others than were targets who generated alternative reasons for their treatment. People high in self-esteem were more likely than those low in self-esteem to (a) use ostracism as a means of terminating the relationship and (b) terminate relationships with their ostracizing partners. People low in self-esteem, conversely, were more likely to ostracize others in defense against criticism or rejection, ostracize others in general, and report being ostracized by others. Finally, perspective differences indicated that sources portrayed the ostracism as a useful interpersonal tactic that ultimately led to conflict resolution, whereas targets emphasized feelings of withdrawal and resentment.     

TKA术后夹闭和开放引流管对出血量和输血量影响的比较研究

前瞻性研究全膝关节置换术（TKA）术后引流管夹闭4小时对患者术后出血量和输血量的影响。将我院2010年2月至2011年2月因骨性关节炎晚期行TKA的患者71例,随机分为两组。一组为夹闭引流管组,另一组为持续开放引流管组。两组均于术后48小时拔出引流管。将两组患者术前及术后1天、2天、3天的血红蛋白（HB）计数、术后引流液量及术后输血量进行比较。结果显示,夹闭引流管组与持续开放组患者相比,两组切口引流量存在差异。因此,与持续开放引流管方法相比,TKA术后采用夹闭引流管4小时的方法可以减少引流量,但不减少术后出血量及输血量。     

Association and affect as determinants of displaced aggression

Subjects were angered by an instigator and then given a choice of two targets of aggression: one was a friend of the anger instigator and the other not. In addition, subjects were given a choice of more versus less intense aggression against these two targets. Angered subjects chose to give more intense aggression—regardless of whether the target was associated with the anger instigator. Thus, release of affect (opportunity to aggress intensely) predominated over association as a determinant of displacement.     

The trajectory of the target probability effect

The effect of target probability on detection times is well-established: Even when detection accuracy is high, lower probability targets are detected more slowly than higher probability ones. Although this target probability effect on detection times has been well-studied, one aspect of it has remained largely unexamined: How the effect develops over the span of an experiment. Here, we investigated this issue with two detection experiments that assessed different target probability ratios. Conventional block segment analysis and linear mixed-effects modeling converged on two key findings. First, we found that the magnitude of the target probability effect increases as one progresses through a block of trials. Second, we found, by examining the trajectories of the low- and high-probability targets, that this increase in effect magnitude was driven by the low-probability targets. Specifically, we found that low-probability targets were detected more slowly as a block of trials progressed. Performance to high-probability targets, on the other hand, was largely invariant across the block. The latter finding is of particular interest because it cannot be reconciled with accounts that propose that the target probability effect is driven by the high-probability targets.     

Better late than never: how onsets and offsets influence prior entry and exit

The three experiments presented in the paper examine visual prior entry (determining which of two stimuli appeared first) and prior exit (determining which of two stimuli disappeared first) effects with a temporal order judgment (TOJ) task. In addition to using onset and offset targets, the preceding cues also consisted of either onset or offset stimuli. Typical, and equivalent, prior entry effects were found when either onset or offset cues preceded the onset targets. Unexpectedly large prior exit effects where found with the offset targets, with offset cues producing greater capture effects than onset cues. These findings are consistent with the notion that more attention is allocated to searching the visual field when targets are more difficult to find. In addition, the results indicate that attentional control settings may be more likely to occur with more difficult searches. In addition, these findings demonstrate that TOJ tasks provide extremely precise measures of the allocation of attention and are very sensitive to a range of task manipulations.     

Resource demands of object tracking and differential allocation of the resource

The attentional processes for tracking moving objects may be largely hemisphere-specific. Indeed, in our first two experiments the maximum object speed (speed limit) for tracking targets in one visual hemifield (left or right) was not significantly affected by a requirement to track additional targets in the other hemifield. When the additional targets instead occupied the same hemifield as the original targets, the speed limit was reduced. At slow target speeds, however, adding a second target to the same hemifield had little effect. At high target speeds, the cost of adding a same-hemifield second target was approximately as large as would occur if observers could only track one of the targets. This shows that performance with a fast-moving target is very sensitive to the amount of resource allocated. In a third experiment, we investigated whether the resources for tracking can be distributed unequally between two targets. The speed limit for a given target was higher if the second target was slow rather than fast, suggesting that more resource was allocated to the faster of the two targets. This finding was statistically significant only for targets presented in the same hemifield, consistent with the theory of independent resources in the two hemifields. Some limited evidence was also found for resource sharing across hemifields, suggesting that attentional tracking resources may not be entirely hemifield-specific. Together, these experiments indicate that the largely hemisphere-specific tracking resource can be differentially allocated to faster targets.     

Dissociating the effects of similarity, salience, and top-down processes in search for linearly separable size targets

In two experiments, we explored the role of foreknowledge on visual search for targets defined along the size continuum. Targets were of large, medium, or small size and of high or low similarity relative to the distractors. In Experiment 1, we compared search for known and unknown singleton feature targets as a function of their size and similarity to the distractors. When distractor similarity was high, target foreknowledge benefited targets at the end of the size continuum (i.e., large and small) relatively more than targets of medium size. In Experiment 2, participants were given foreknowledge of what the target was not The beneficial effect of foreknowledge for endpoint targets was reduced. The data indicate the role of top-down templates in search, which can be "tuned" more effectively for targets at the ends of feature dimensions.