铁过度负荷与疾病

铁是机体微量元素中含量最多的一种,是血红蛋白、肌红蛋白、细胞色素系统、呼吸链的主要复合物、过氧物酶和过氧化氢酶等的重要组成部分,广泛参与机体生理功能和生化反应,缺铁可导致贫血等疾病.体内铁过多,称为铁过度负荷.随着医疗条件改善、生活水平提高,源于生理性因素、病理性因素和外源性铁剂应用(治疗性应用、预防性应用),铁过度负荷相关疾病日益增多.铁过度负荷可对内分泌代谢、心血管、神经系统、肾脏、肝脏等系统器官产生损害,导致多种疾病或使疾病加重.目前铁过度负荷相关疾病的治疗措施主要有放血疗法和药物治疗.放血疗法,只可作于短期治疗.去铁胺作为目前较为有效的去铁剂,由于价格昂贵,不能广泛应用于临床.铁过度负荷对人体的影响和相关疾病尚未外起医学界的重视.深入研究以铁过度负荷为主要和次要病因相关疾病,探索正确补铁措施,是预防铁过度负荷相关疾病、增进人体健康的重要措施,也是临床面临床的新课题.     

论疾病治疗的自然观

人体本身对各类疾病有着强大的自我抵制和修复能力,疾病的发生和康复有其自然的进展规律,治疗疾病的过程应遵循相关规律,并辅助人体的这些能力去促进机体的修复。而现实医疗中,人们在享受医学科技成果和医疗保障实惠的同时,常常伴有过度的医疗处置或过度忽视疾病的存在,从而影响疾病本身的自然康复进程,或加重病情,甚至造成二次伤害。本文从疾病治疗自然观的角度探讨了医生和患者在应对疾病时需了解的辩证思想,并就如何认识和应用疾病治疗的自然观去诊治疾病做一探讨。     

CAR-T治疗中的医疗干预与人体自然力的平衡

进入21世纪后,医疗干预手段的快速发展不可避免地造成了过度医疗的现象,导致了过分依靠外部干预的诊疗趋势,忽视了人体内环境以及机体自然功能对疾病治愈起到的作用。本研究针对医疗干预与人体自然力平衡的问题,阐述了人体自然力与医疗干预中过度干预的概念;并从CAR-T治疗入手,介绍了CAR-T治疗相关的原理、概念、过程、效果及不良反应,分析了CAR-T治疗在理念以及过程中体现的医疗干预与人体自然力的结合。并得出结论:将医疗干预与人体自然力相结合的治疗手段必会成为未来医学发展的趋势,为整个医学科学的发展带来前所未有的机遇和动力。     

肿瘤治疗:以人为本,从"过度"到"和谐"

肿瘤的综合治疗,以往过分注重疾病本身,强调彻底杀灭肿瘤的根治性疗法,必然会导致过度治疗.随着对肿瘤演变过程了解程度的提高和临床实践经验的总结,"肿瘤是一种慢性病"成为越来越多的人们的共识.对肿瘤细胞的镇压是必要的,但一定要适可而止,要让健康的细胞、组织、器官修养生息,实现机体与肿瘤的"和平共处",达到长期带瘤生存.     

人体棕色脂肪的临床意义

饮食增加和运动减少使肥胖及其相关代谢疾病患病率逐年升高,尤其是许多与肥胖相关的疾病,如2型糖尿病、高血脂、心脑血管疾病等已成为威胁健康的重要因素,且目前缺乏有效、安全的防治策略。研究证实人体内存在棕色脂肪／米色脂肪,参与机体的物质代谢,在维持能量平衡方面有重要作用,因此成为增加能量消耗方面颇具吸引力的一个研究靶点。本文将对棕色脂肪及其对人体的影响做一综述,并讨论其作为治疗肥胖及相关代谢性疾病新靶点的可行性。     

关于腹腔镜在外科手术中过度应用的分析

腹腔镜手术是目前外科领域的一个重要方面,随着腹腔镜手术技巧的提高,越来越多的疾病可以通过腹腔镜手术得到治疗,但同时腹腔镜在外科治疗中过度应用也成为一个重要的社会问题。通过分析腹腔镜过度应用的特点,探讨过度医疗的原因及后果,并提出相应的措施。     

第三只眼睛看医学--对当代医学的反思和价值重审

当代医学的主体语境充满了对疾病的憎恶和排斥,限制了医学的视野。医学对人类的过度呵护,使人体“恃宠生矫”,导致人体生命内在素质的下降。因此,有必要对当代医学进行价值重审。与当代医学相配套的新的临床治疗体系“呼之难出”,使医学难以均衡发展,目前的当务之急是应尽快构建新的临床治疗体会。     

过度医疗之我见

过度医疗是指在医疗过程中所采用的诊断、治疗措施超越疾病本身的需要 ,造成医疗资源和费用的浪费 ,甚至有害于机体的医疗行为。由于从业人员的水平、医疗条件和病人经济状况不同 ,可采取措施的伸缩性较大 ,对具体病人的“过度”、“适度”的界定就比较困难。特别是对某些主观愿望好的适度“过度” ,则不应过多指责 ,对某些病人甚至还可能获得意外的诊断线索。也绝不应将检查结果阴性的诊断措施均视为过度 ,只要这项检查是为证实或除外某种疾病所需要的 ,就应认为是合理的。过度医疗产生的因素错综复杂 ,有属于病人或家属的观念误区 ,譬如要…     

关于腹腔镜在外科手术中过度应用的分析

腹腔镜手术是目前外科领域的一个重要方面,随着腹腔镜手术技巧的提高,越来越多的疾病可以通过腹腔镜手术得到治疗,但同时腹腔镜在外科治疗中过度应用也成为一个重要的社会问题.通过分析腹腔镜过度应用的特点,探讨过度医疗的原因及后果,并提出相应的措施.     

关于外科过度医疗的初步研究

过度医疗问题引起社会各界的广泛关注,随着外科水平的提高,手术技巧、手术观念都发生了很大的变化,越来越多的疾病能够通过外科手术得到根治,同时外科治疗过程中过度医疗也成为一个重要的社会问题.分析外科疾病过度医疗的特点,探讨外科过度医疗的原因和后果,并提出针对外科过度医疗应采取的措施,有重要意义.     

Stress and Disease: An examination of psychophysiological effects and alternative treatment approaches

This article examine the psychophysiological relationship between psychosocial stressors and physiological changes. Stress has been shown to cause changes in the human immune system, increasing susceptibility to disease. A selective review of the literature explores this relationship. Alternative treatment modes are being implemented to supplement traditional therapies for the preventative and post hoc care of diseases, particularly those associated with the immunologic system deficiencies which could be related to stress. Implications are explored for implementing biofeedback, guided imagery, and stress management techniques for supplemental treatment in cancer, coronary heart disease, and immunologic diseases such as the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.     

A Lotus 1-2-3-based system for recording and maintaining body weight of laboratory animals

Body-weight maintenance is required in a variety of behavioral and physiological studies. A PC-based animal-weighing system is described; it features automated data collection and allows for accurate control of body weight in test animals via manipulation of food intake. Major system components are a PC XT-compatible computer, Lotus 1-2-3 and National Instruments Measure software, and a digital electronic balance. The system is controlled by Lotus macros, which present menus to the user. Menus provide for the basic operations of the system, including establishing new data files, collecting weight data, printing, and transferring files to a laboratory minicomputer. The optional weight-maintenance algorithm calculates the amount of food necessary to maintain target body weights. Some important aspects of this algorithm, including maintenance-feeding and gain parameters, can be manipulated to reduce weight oscillation in test animals or to accommodate the maintenance of body weight of different animal species. The system facilitates acquisition and recording of weight data, minimizes the frequency of error, and reduces variability both within and across animals when body-weight maintenance is required.     

论我国司法精神病鉴定制度之完善

随着法律制度的日渐发展和完善,司法精神病鉴定制度越来越多地受到人们的关注,存在的问题也不断暴露出来。鉴于司法精神病鉴定在社会生活中的重要作用,在对中外司法精神病鉴定的历史及现状的考察上,结合对我国司法精神病鉴定的相关制度的分析和研究,对我国司法精神病鉴定制度的改革提出了自己的观点。     

英美法系中的心理学专家证人

专家证人指的是根据法庭的要求,依靠专业知识和技术,就法庭审案过程中所涉及的有关本专业的内容,向法庭提供的有科学依据的书面报告并直接出庭作证的各学科的专家。心理学专家证人就是心理学专家作为专家证人进行出庭作证。英美法系与我国实行的大陆法系存在着差异,该文希望通过系统地介绍英美法系心理学专家证人的发展历史及作用、心理学专家证人的工作程序、存在的争议、已有的实证研究等,为国内法律界和心理学界开辟一个新的视角,并探讨心理学专家证人在我国司法系统实施的可能性     

意象思维与躯体化症状：疾病表达的文化心理学途径

意象思维是中国人的传统思维模式, 它通过观物取象和取象比类的方式认知世界、推演联系。这种思维模式塑造了中国人特有的身心不分而非两分的身体观、疾病观和治疗观。在中国人的观念中, 身体不仅仅是一具生理躯体, 还具有气、阴阳、五行等本土概念所体现的弥合物质与精神、联结生理与心理的模糊性与开放性。人们在表达疾病感觉时通常不分生理与心理, 任何一方面出现不适感觉即可认为自己生病, 在面对心理医生时也倾向于同时报告躯体状况与心理感觉, 从而使得临床报告出现较高的躯体化报告率。这正是文化心理影响疾病表达的体现。这也使得疾病不仅是一种医学现象, 也是一种文化现象; 医学不仅需要生理知识, 也需要人文知识。     

Bodily Awareness, Imagination and the Self

Common wisdom tells us that we have five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. These senses provide us with a means of gaining information concerning objects in the world around us, including our own bodies. But in addition to these five senses, each of us is aware of our own body in ways in which we are aware of no other thing. These ways include our awareness of the position, orientation, movement, and size of our limbs (proprioception and kinaesthesia), our sense of balance, and our awareness of bodily sensations such as pains, tickles, and sensations of pressure or temperature. We can group these together under the title ‘bodily awareness’. The legitimacy of grouping together these ways of gaining information is shown by the fact that they are unified phenomenologically; they provide the subject with an awareness of his or her body ‘from the inside’. Bodily awareness is an awareness of our own bodies from within. This perspective on our own bodies does not, cannot, vary. As Merleau‐Ponty writes, ‘my own body…is always presented to me from the same angle’ (1962: 90). It has recently been claimed by a number of philosophers that, in bodily awareness, one is not simply aware of one's body as one's body, but one is aware of one's body as oneself. That is, when I attend to the object of bodily awareness I am presented not just with my body, but with my ‘bodily self’. The contention of the present paper is that such a view is misguided. In the first section I clarify just what is at issue here. In the remainder of the paper I present an argument, based on two claims about the nature of the imagination, against the view that the bodily self is presented in bodily awareness. Section two defends the dependency thesis; a claim about the relation between perception and sensory imagination. Section three defends a certain view about our capacity to imagine being other people. Section four presents the main argument against the bodily self awareness view and section five addresses some objections.     

Cognitive representations of tool-use interactions

Tools are important mediators between our bodies and the world surrounding us. They can substantially change the usual relationship between our body movements and the effects that ensue in the environment. Given the ease with which we learn to apply new tools, the question arises how our motor system flexibly adapts to specific tool transformations. There are two basic possibilities. One consists of incorporating the tool into one's body by updating one's body schema. Movement planning can then proceed in the same manner as it did without the tool. In the present paper I argue for a second view, that tool use involves representations of the tool-specific mappings between body movements and environmental effects at a central level. I present evidence for this view from several research areas including stimulus–response compatibility, bimanual coordination, and action observation. Finally, I discuss the degree of abstractness of these central representations of tool-use interactions.     

要重视慢性乙型肝炎的抗病毒治疗

慢性乙型肝炎是我国常见的慢性传染病之一,严重危害人民健康。围绕着乙型肝炎的防治,带来巨大的经济负担,已成为不可忽视的社会问题。在慢性乙型肝炎-肝硬化-HCC的发生发展过程中,HBV病毒载量起着重要的作用,抗病毒治疗是目前治疗慢性乙型肝炎的有效手段。因此,要重视和规范抗病毒治疗。     

Women's exposure to thin-and-beautiful media images: body image effects of media-ideal internalization and impact-reduction interventions

Exposure to media images of thin-and-beautiful women negatively affects the body image and mood states of young women. However, not all women are equally susceptible to these effects. The present experimental investigation with 123 young college women evaluated the moderating effects of the extent of internalization of media ideals. It also examined the preventative impact of two brief interventions (i.e., media literacy information with and without a dissonance-induction procedure). Results indicated that relative to a control group, the exposure to thin-and-beautiful media images adversely influenced the state body image of participants with high internalization levels. Media-literacy psychoeducation prior to the media exposure prevented this adverse effect. Adding a pre-exposure dissonance-induction procedure did not significantly enhance the preventative effects relative to psychoeducation alone. These results and their implications for the treatment and prevention of body image disturbances are discussed in the context of the empirical literature on the media's effects on body image.     

Going Topless

The view that people go where their brains go remains popular in discussions of personal identity. But since the brain is only a small part of the body, defenders of that view need to provide an account of what it is that makes the brain specially relevant to personal identity. The standard answer is that the brain is special because it is the carrier of psychological continuity. But Peter van Inwagen has recently offered (in Material Beings ) an alternative account of the brain' special relevance. Those who reject the view that we go with our brains obviously need to respond to this new account. According to van Inwagen, there is an important difference between the life-support requirements of a severed head and those of a headless body: whereas a severed head would need only a pump to survive, a headless body would need the functional equivalent of a computer in its life-support system. It follows, according to van Inwagen, that we go with our brains. In this paper I argue that van Inwagen's argument is doubly defective: the inference from his premisses to his conclusion is dubious; and in any case his premisses misrepresent the relevant physiological facts.