换脸术几个问题的理性思考

换脸术是目前国内外争论的一个焦点,是异体器官移植领域内新的突破,为严重毁容患者带来了重新获得美容的希望.但是目前还有很多问题需要进一步.在远期疗效尚未肯定的情况下,作为医务工作者,我们需要加强自身修养和伦理道德教育,做出正确的决定,并不断进行相关研究,最终广泛应用于临床,造福于人类.     

合理定位，以需定教，提升生物教学有效性

关注、尊重学生的学习需要,是提高教学有效性的前提。目前,我县农村普通高中生物学课堂教学中,普遍存在教师对学生的学习要求与学生自我心理需要之间的矛盾,忽视了教学要求与学生需要间的转化,忽视了学生学习需要的激发、引导和维持。本文就基于学生需要开展高中生物学课堂教学,即对以需定教作一初步尝试。     

关于基础教育课程改革的实施

目前,基础教育课程改革正在全面顺利推进。基础教育课程改革需要学校管理的支持,实施新课程必然带来学校管理模式的变革。要尽快建立适应课程改革需要的学校管理新机制,这是全社会关注的热门话题,也是当前课改的当务之急。     

女性生殖道支原体感染的诊治探讨

生殖道支原体感染是一种性传播疾病。支原体感染与不孕及输卵管妊娠有关,并可导致多种不良妊娠结局。泌尿生殖道支原体阳性并不能确诊为性病,也不一定需要治疗。具有致病性,是支原体感染需要治疗的重要条件。目前对于支原体感染的诊断和治疗仍存在很多问题,必须加强管理。     

精神卫生工作者面临的困境及其对策

目前国内的精神卫生工作者不能满足社会的需要,认为精神卫生工作开展难度大、职业发展前景不乐观、工作的特殊性和职业满意度低等社会心理因素是导致目前这种状况的主要原因,提出规范精神卫生服务行业,政府增加投入、普及精神卫生知识和工作人员自我调节等措施干预目前这种困境.     

城市公共空间环境设计创新途径与导向分析

在城市化发展的过程中,为了城市的良性发展,需要做综合的设计,这样,城市功能的发挥会更的完美。就目前的城市设计分析来看,公共空间环境设计是重点也是难点,因为目前的城市公共空间设计,要么重视空间的可利用性,忽略了环境的具体需要,要么重视了环境状况,出现空间布局等问题。无论是哪种情况的设计,对于城市的综合布局来讲都十分的不利,因此需要做设计调整和优化。就城市公共空间设计创新的途径和导向做具体的分析,旨在为城市公共空间的综合设计质量提升提供参考。     

心理门诊患者心理健康服务需要的调查

为了解心理门诊患者心理健康服务需要的现状,对414名心理门诊患者进行了问卷调查。结果显示,患者目前寻求心理健康服务最主要的目的是治疗疾病和缓解心理压力,最需要的心理健康服务类型是心理咨询与治疗和精神科的医学治疗,最愿意选择的服务机构是精神病院和精神科或心理科,最愿意选择的服务方式是面谈或面诊。患者存在以治疗疾病为核心的多元心理健康服务需要动机,医疗机构的心理学服务是患者的首选,服务不可及是制约患者心理健康服务需要满足的最主要因素。     

儒家生死观与道德价值

目前,传统文化的回归,尤其是儒家文化的回归,已经成为了一个潮流。在潮流中保持清醒是一件很难得的事,因为那需要质疑和思考。     

精神卫生工作者面临的困境及其对策

目前国内的精神卫生工作者不能满足社会的需要，认为精神卫生工作开展难度大、职业发展前景不乐观、工作的特殊性和职业满意度低等社会心理因素是导致目前这种状况的主要原因，提出规范精神卫生服务行业，政府增加投入、普及精神卫生知识和工作人员自我调节等措施干预目前这种困境。     

基本心理需要及其满足

Deci和Ryan在前人基础上提出基本心理需要的概念,并将人的基本心理需要划分为胜任需要、关系需要和自主需要。基本心理需要来源于自我决定理论(SDT)。目前,对于基本心理需要的测量主要是采用Gagné编写的一般需要满足量表(GNSS)。基本心理需要的满足主要受到个体所处环境的影响,且与个体的心理健康有着密切的联系,基本心理需要受挫则会导致个体的焦虑、压抑。对于基本心理需要的质疑主要集中在需要的内容、各需要之间是否矛盾、需要是否会改变以及需要的普适性四个方面。未来有必要加强对基本心理需要的测量及需要受挫的研究,同时加强纵向研究,以及对于基本心理需要满足策略的研究。     

国内同行关于异体颜面移植的讨论

换脸术为严重毁容患者重获美容带来了新希望。但是就像很多新生事物一样,在国内引起了激烈的争论。我们以丁香园上的帖子为基础,对国内同行的争论进行了总结,以期对异体颜面移植这一成果有一深入的认识。通过初步分析可以看出,虽然对于这一课题争论比较大,但是广大医护人员还是认可此次手术,并认为这是创新。     

新医学模式在慢性前列腺炎临床中的应用

现代医学对慢性前列腺炎的认识已经经历了近200年,其发病机制、诊断和治疗等多方面存在很多疑惑和争议。慢性前列腺炎不能单纯视为躯体性疾病,其发生、发展和转归与精神心理和社会因素密切相关。新医学模式(生物-心理-社会医学模式)发展和医疗实践有机结合,将促进泌尿外科医师和患者对慢性前列腺炎疾病更深刻认识,这不仅为提高慢性前列腺炎诊断提供了新的视角、指标和工具,也为有效治疗提供了新的思路、技术和方法,为全面提高患者的生活质量提供了可能。     

Rape Flashbacks: Constructing a New Narrative

This article offers an approach to the dissolution of rape flashbacks when the usual treatment of talk and group support doesn't work. The client, with her family, constructs a new rape scenario to replace her abusive story. In the new story, the client introduces a chosen protective figure into the flashback, which has the effect of interrupting the old scenario so that it cannot take place in the same way again. This approach relies on the client finding a new or freed voice in the treatment conversations in order to tell her story differently. The new, repopulated story eventually has the effect of altering her memory and renewing her life direction and belief in herself.     

Sex crimes and the new punitiveness

In the last few years, new ways of punishing sex offenders have been introduced in many modern societies. However, these sanctions have a broader significance than this: they are part of a broader set of penal arrangements-directed at the criminal population as a whole-which represents a new punitiveness. This seems to be moving the direction of legal punishment beyond the established parameters that had hitherto been set for it in modern society. This had involved punishment becoming increasingly administered by penal bureaucracies, to the exclusion of the general public, being influenced by the opinion of penal experts, and becoming more tempered, consistent and purposeful in form. Sanctions that did not fit these criteria faded out of modern penality. The indeterminate prison sentence was introduced at its outer limits as a residual measure of control to be used against those offenders-frequently sex criminals-for whom the existing penal framework was thought inappropriate. Even so, by the 1970s, these special penal measures were falling into disuse. However, the new punitiveness has not only given new life to them, but has also led to the introduction of measures which seem to reverse or move beyond modernpenal parameters. The article argues that the reasons for these shifts lie in the profound economic and social changes that have taken place in Western societies over the course of the last two decades or so.     

On the Computation of the RMSEA and CFI from the Mean-And-Variance Corrected Test Statistic with Nonnormal Data in SEM

A new type of nonnormality correction to the RMSEA has recently been developed, which has several advantages over existing corrections. In particular, the new correction adjusts the sample estimate of the RMSEA for the inflation due to nonnormality, while leaving its population value unchanged, so that established cutoff criteria can still be used to judge the degree of approximate fit. A confidence interval (CI) for the new robust RMSEA based on the mean-corrected (“Satorra-Bentler”) test statistic has also been proposed. Follow up work has provided the same type of nonnormality correction for the CFI (Brosseau-Liard & Savalei, 2014). These developments have recently been implemented in lavaan. This note has three goals: a) to show how to compute the new robust RMSEA and CFI from the mean-and-variance corrected test statistic; b) to offer a new CI for the robust RMSEA based on the mean-and-variance corrected test statistic; and c) to caution that the logic of the new nonnormality corrections to RMSEA and CFI is most appropriate for the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, and cannot easily be generalized to the most commonly used categorical data estimators.     

Journalistic bias toward new religious movements in Australia

Earlier research in America and elsewhere has shown considerable bias and misinformation in media coverage of so‐called “new religions”; (sometimes referred to as ‘cults'). This paper reports mostly qualitative research which raises questions about the overall objectivity and neutrality of journalists covering such groups. The paper includes discussion of specific episodes of media bias concerning new and minority religions in Australia, as well as other research from that country. A situation which involved an Australian journalist facing ethics charges in relation to a story written about a number of groups referred to as ‘cults’ is included, as a development with implications about how journalists treat such phenomena.     

A new diagnosis of complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder,PTSD – a window of opportunity for the treatment of patients in the NHS?

The concept of complex trauma has been around for a long time and in 2018, it’s expected to become a new diagnosis in the International Classification of Diseases eleventh revision, ICD-11, the World Health Organisation, WHO, manual used formally in the NHS. Psychiatric diagnosis often does not sit well with psychoanalysis, which is at least as interested in unconscious phantasy as it is in symptoms. But as psychodynamically-trained practitioners in the NHS we need to engage with ICD-11 and apply our own understanding to service design so that patients have access to treatment which works for them. The service where I work (a secondary mental health team in the London borough of Lewisham) has already been receiving referrals for ‘complex trauma’ for some time, despite its not being formally classified. Patients so described are most often those with a history of childhood sexual abuse, and refugees with a history of brutality and torture. Differential diagnosis includes personality disorder since many have difficulties with interpersonal issues. In this paper I want to discuss how we might understand the new diagnosis of complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, and its implications for treatment in the NHS.     

Schaffer's Demon

Jonathan Schaffer (2010) has summoned a new sort of demon – which he calls the debasing demon – that apparently threatens all of our purported knowledge. We show that any debasing skeptical argument must attack the justification condition and can do so only if a plausible thesis about justification is false.     

“polypill”用于心血管疾病防治的利与弊

近年来一些学者提出"polypill"的概念,即在一粒药丸中混合多种药物,认为通过服用这种"多效药丸"将大大降低人群心血管事件的发生率和病死率。polypill为心血管疾病的防治提供了新的模式,但任何一种新的模式在实践中都会面临一些问题,我们应该用辨证的眼光去看待它,分析其使用的利弊,以达到尽可能为患者服务的目的。     

Methodological issues in prevention research: An introduction to the special issue

In recent years increased attention has been directed to prevention research as a means of solving the multitude of complex social and health problems which confront individuals and their societies. Abuse of substances, behavioral dysfunctions, violence, emotional disorders, educational failures, unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases are but a few examples of these most difficult problems. As our recognition of the need for sound prevention strategies has grown, so has our sophistication in designing prevention research studies to evaluate the effectiveness of these new strategies. And that sophistication has brought new challenges, some of which are capable of stifling progress because of their complexity. This problem is certain to grow in importance as interventions with multiple components are used more frequently to meet the challenges of the complex social and health problems we face. This special issue evolved out of the recognition that prevention researchers are confronted by a myriad of difficult methodological issues which have inhibited progress in this area. The articles in the issue present innovative methodological solutions designed to overcome these problems so the field can move forward. Editor's Note: Dr. Edward Seidman edited Methodological Issues in Prevention Research while serving as Associate Editor for Methodology.