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本文参考了大渊忍尔、小林正美、柏夷(Stephen R. Bokenkamp)和王承文等人的研究成果,以现存灵宝经(《道藏》本、敦煌抄本)所见葛玄的材料为中心,考察了灵宝经与佛教教理、上清派道经及天师道的思想关系。因篇幅关系,译文分两次刊出。 相似文献
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<正>四、古灵宝经对汉晋道教"八节斋"的继承和发展(一)《太上洞玄灵宝五符序》之"八节之日"修斋及与《礼记·月令》的关系在敦煌本陆修静《灵宝经目》所著录的近30部古灵宝经中,以《太上洞玄灵宝五符序》出世最早。在汉魏两晋时代,该经的形成经历了逐步增衍的过程,而其最后成书的时间,学术界一般认为不会晚于东晋后期(1)。该经也有关于"八节之日"修斋的大量论述。该经之《食日月精之道》称:"八节之日,入室瞑目内视,存泥丸中紫气出上升天,绛宫中赤气出上升天,丹田 相似文献
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天师道认为,太上老君于东汉向张道陵天师传授正一盟威之道,二者由此形成师承关系。灵宝经不仅继承了该师承关系,而且新加入了老君向张天师传授灵宝经教的说法,陆修静《灵宝经目序》中也特意提到“老君降真于天师”,这些都是为了强调灵宝经原本就是天师道经典。东晋末葛氏一族在造构灵宝经之时,在老君和葛仙公之间新建立了师承关系。向葛玄传经的神之所以是太极真人,是因为太极真人为老君别称,太极真人与葛仙公的师承关系即老君与葛仙公的师承关系。如此一来,灵宝经就被纳入了崇拜老君的天师道信仰体系之中。与之类似,北天师道基于老君在北魏时期向寇谦之降授经教。由此可见,六朝时期天师道中存在老君向张道陵之外其他人传教降经的说法,并以此方式增加新的经典和教法。因此,灵宝经应被视为东晋时期天师道降经的产物,兴起于东晋葛氏一族之手,经陆修静整理改编之后为南朝天师道“三洞弟子”的信仰对象。 相似文献
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七、东晋末刘宋(420-479)初融摄天师道、佛教和方士传统的灵宝科仪如果说自东晋中叶以来上清经派通过融合南方方士传统与天师道促进了道教科仪的发展,那么东晋末刘宋初古灵宝经的问世则进一步发展了道教科仪。古灵宝经是多种传统的大熔炉。首先,古灵宝经承袭和发展了南方的方士传统,并使方士传统的几大支流得以汇合。其次,古灵宝经还继上清经之后继续援取天师道的东西,使天师道与方士传统得到了更深的融合。再次,古灵宝经又大量吸收佛教的教义和实践,将其与天师道或方士传统嫁接在一起。正因为从多种传统中摄取了营养,所以古灵宝经创立了内… 相似文献
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十二、五世纪以降道教法次的逐步形成与道教仪式的发展趋向
五世纪以前来源不同的各种道教传统基本上只是各自发展,或仅在小范围内互有交流.大约从五世纪开始,以古灵宝经为先导,道门内部产生了凝聚联合的意识.(766)古灵宝经率先融合多种道教传统,"三洞"、"三乘"、"三十六部尊经"等具有凝聚联合意识的术语概念都是最早由古灵宝经提出的(767).由于古灵宝经出世不久即"风教大行",这些术语概念也很快在其它道派中流行开来(768)."三洞"说标志着南方三皇、上清、灵宝三大经派的联合,大约南朝齐梁时形成的"七部"(769)说标志着更大规模的联合. 相似文献
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九、刘宋陆修静(406-477)对灵宝科仪的整理和发展南朝刘宋陆修静是一位在多方面做出了贡献的高道,尤以科仪方面的贡献最为卓越,被视为道教史上的“科教三师”之一。陆修静一生撰述的“斋法仪范”据说有“百余卷”4○69,现存于《道藏》的科仪书包括《洞玄灵宝五感文》(DZ1278)、《洞玄灵宝斋说光烛戒罚灯祝愿仪》470○(DZ524)、《太上洞玄灵宝法烛经》471○(DZ349)、《太上洞玄灵宝众简文》(DZ410)、《太上洞玄灵宝授度仪》(DZ528),他书著录者还有《然灯礼祝威仪》47○2、《宿启建斋仪》473○、《升元步虚章》、《灵宝步虚词》、《步虚洞… 相似文献
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There is an old but powerful argument for the claim that exhaustive divine foreknowledge is incompatible with the freedom to do otherwise. A crucial ingredient in this argument is the principle of the “Fixity of the Past” (FP). A seemingly new response to this argument has emerged, the so-called “dependence response,” which involves, among other things, abandoning FP for an alternative principle, the principle of the “Fixity of the Independent” (FI). This paper presents three arguments for the claim that FI ought to be preferred to FP.
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Two types of matching designs, static and dynamic, are differentiated. While all matching designs are logically the same in terms of the probability model which determines chance level of performance, an attempt is made to demonstrate that there is an interaction between the tactics, strategies, and actual knowledge ofS and the type of design used which will, in turn, lead to different results even whenS's knowledge is held constant. It is suggested that analogous situations may exist within the framework of the traditional psychometric model.The work reported in this paper was supported by a National Science Foundation Undergraduate Research Participation Grant (NSF-G15797) to the senior author. The authors are indebted to Joel E. Greene for his advice and criticism. 相似文献
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《Canadian journal of philosophy》2012,42(3):303-321
If practical reasoning deserves its name, its form must be different from that of ordinary (theoretical) reasoning. A few have thought that the conclusion of practical reasoning is an action, rather than a mental state. I argue here that if the conclusion is an action, then so too is one of the premises. You might reason your way from doing one thing to doing another: from browsing journal abstracts to reading a particular journal article. I motivate this by sympathetically re-examining Hume's claim that a conclusion about what ought to be done follows only from an argument one of whose premises is likewise about what ought to be done. 相似文献
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