受欺凌经历对青少年亲欺凌旁观行为的影响:道德推脱与感知班级反欺凌规范的作用机制

受欺凌经历是青少年目睹欺凌时做出亲欺凌旁观行为的重要风险因子。但关于受欺凌经历“如何”及“何种情况下”影响亲欺凌旁观行为少有研究涉及。基于社会认知理论和风险—保护性因素模型,本研究提出一个有调节的中介模型考察道德推脱的中介作用及感知班级反欺凌规范的调节作用。研究采用问卷法对1562名青少年(M_age=14.39岁,SD=1.00)进行施测。结果显示:受欺凌经历显著正向预测青少年的亲欺凌旁观行为;道德推脱部分中介受欺凌经历与亲欺凌旁观行为间的关系;感知班级反欺凌规范调节了中介模型的前半段和后半段路径。研究揭示了受欺凌经历与青少年亲欺凌旁观行为间的潜在作用机制,并对实践干预具有一定启发。     

班级欺凌规范对初中生旁观者行为的影响：道德推脱的中介作用

为了探究校园欺凌中班级欺凌规范、道德推脱与旁观者协助欺凌和置身事外行为的关系,研究1对4316名初中生进行问卷调查,研究2选取142名初中生进行实验研究。结果发现：（1）班级欺凌规范、道德推脱正向预测旁观者面对欺凌时的协助欺凌与置身事外行为;（2）道德推脱在班级欺凌规范与旁观者协助欺凌行为、置身事外行为中起中介作用。     

Deviant Peer Affiliation and Bullying Perpetration in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement and the Moderating Role of Moral Identity

Abstract

Based on the integration of the group socialization theory and the individual–context interaction model, we examined whether moral disengagement mediated the association between deviant peer affiliation and bullying perpetration and whether this mediation model was moderated by moral identity. A total of 438 adolescents participated in the current study. They completed measures regarding deviant peer affiliation, bullying perpetration, moral disengagement, and moral identity. Deviant peer affiliation positively predicted adolescents’ bullying perpetration at six months later and this relationship was partially mediated by moral disengagement. Moral identity did not moderate the direct relationship between deviant peer affiliation and adolescents’ bullying perpetration. Moral identity moderated the relationship between moral disengagement and adolescents’ bullying perpetration and in turn moderated the indirect relationship between deviant peer affiliation and bullying perpetration. Specifically, the relationship between moral disengagement and bullying perpetration and the indirect relationship between deviant peer affiliation and bullying perpetration via moral disengagement both became nonsignificant for adolescents with high moral identity.     

Homophobic bullying and victimization among adolescents: The role of prejudice,moral disengagement,and sexual orientation

Abstract

Bullying is associated with harmful consequences for those who are involved, in particular for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and sexually questioning (LGBQ) adolescents, who are teased for their sexual orientation. Not only LGBQ youth may experience homophobic bullying, but also students who are perceived as not conforming to traditional masculine/feminine gender role expectations. Wrong beliefs, prejudices, and moral disengagement may account for the perpetration of homophobic bullying. The present work aims at investigating whether (boys and girls) heterosexual and LGBQ adolescents were differently involved in homophobic and non-homophobic bullying and victimization and whether biological sex and sexual orientation moderated the relationships between prejudice and moral disengagement and involvement in homophobic bullying and victimization. Participants were 197 adolescents (70 boys, 127 girls), aged 15–18 years (M = 16.32); 46 of them defined themselves as LGBQ people. They responded to questionnaires about bullying and victimization, prejudice against homosexuality, and moral disengagement in situations involving sexual orientation. Results of the univariate analyses pointed to a higher homophobic and non-homophobic victimization among LGBQ adolescents than among their heterosexual counterparts. In the regressions, homophobic bullying was associated with being male and heterosexual, and with moral disengagement, whereas homophobic victimization was related to a low level of prejudice, in particular for LGBQ youths. The findings underscore the importance of examining prejudice and moral disengagement when studying homophobic bullying and victimization and point to the need for developing intervention programs.     

道德推脱与大学生学术欺骗行为的关系研究

通过对550名大学生的问卷调查,探讨道德推脱在移情、责任心、道德认同与学术欺骗行为之间的作用。结果表明:道德推脱对学术欺骗行为有显著的正向预测作用;责任心、道德认同对道德推脱有显著的负向预测作用;道德推脱在移情与学术欺骗行为之间无显著的中介作用,而在责任心与学术欺骗行为、道德认同与学术欺骗行为之间均有完全中介作用。文章最后探讨了这一中介作用的意义。     

Collective moral disengagement: Initial validation of a scale for adolescents

Collective moral disengagement refers to shared group beliefs that morally justify negative actions. This study reports an initial validation of the newly developed Classroom Collective Moral Disengagement Scale (CCMDS) for adolescents. This self-report instrument assesses the degree to which mechanisms of moral disengagement are shared by students in their class. Data were collected from two samples of 486 and 654 adolescents attending middle and high schools in Italy. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses the unidimensional structure of the scale was established. Multigroup analyses demonstrated configural, metric and scalar invariance of the model across age and gender groups. The final version of the scale consists of 17 items and it has good internal consistency and validity. It is concluded that the scale is a promising measure for research concerning group level morality.     

组织情境下的不道德行为现象:来自道德推脱理论的解释

为什么企业中的不道德行为会屡屡发生?这是一直以来困扰组织管理实践者和学者们的难题,不道德行为的发生与发展机制已经成为心理学研究的一个重要领域。其中,心理学视角下的道德推脱理论为这一难题提供了解释思路。在企业的现实情况中,可以从员工个体和组织领导两方面维度研究各自对应的组织情境因素通过道德推脱机制对不道德行为产生的影响。未来研究的关键在于探讨和实证检验组织情境下道德推脱机制的选择偏好对不道德行为的影响作用,不断丰富和加强道德推脱对员工个体以及领导不道德行为影响机理的研究。     

Mafia Perception in Relation to Sicilian Teenagers' Moral Disengagement and Value Orientation the Role of Educational and Family Contexts

This article aims at providing a critical review of the main studies about Mafia in a theoretical psychological and socio-anthropological framework, and investigating the perception of the phenomenon in relation to moral disengagement and values orientation in two groups of Sicilian teenagers, living in contexts with different Mafia density. Today Mafia is represented as a socio-psychological phenomenon, which has managed to make culture, community, family, and individuals coincide; it is founded on an individualistic social conception according to which violence is the strongest form of self-achievement.