催眠疗法的整合:认知催眠疗法

认知催眠疗法是心理治疗的整合模式下,催眠疗法与认知疗法有机结合而发展成的一种治疗方法.催眠疗法虽然有临床疗效,但因为缺乏现代心理治疗和行为矫治的理论,所以难以进入主流学院派的心理疗法范畴.促进催眠疗法发展的一个途径是在心理疗法整合模式的思想指导下,就像心理疗法中的认知疗法和行为疗法整合一样,催眠疗法作为一种有效的疗法整合融入公认的认知疗法中,从而让催眠疗法有现代理论依托.认知催眠疗法的提出,为催眠术临床实践提供了标准统一的理论平台,也代表着心理疗法整合模式的发展,有利于临床实践和理论相结合.     

催眠疗法应遵循的五大哲学观

催眠疗法应遵循的五大哲学观皖南医学院催眠门诊（芜湖２４１００１）蒋平所谓催眠疗法就是指运用科学的生理放松、气功导引、心理诱导与暗示等方法使人进入意识活动相对抑制的催眠状态（潜意识状态）后,对人的心理与生理状况加以科学调控的医疗技术。它不是什么“神功”...     

催眠疗法治疗癔病一例

一、病人一般资料 陆某,男,18岁,解放军某军需学校一年级学生。1996年12月21日因左臂僵硬弯曲不能伸直经人介绍前来笔者处就诊。 主诉:每次犯病时意识出现模糊,自感昏昏沉沉,左手发冷、颤抖,有麻疼感,手指不能弯曲。臂部僵硬、弯曲,不能伸直。周围人越是关注,其症状越严重。自1996年11月18日晚开始至12月19日累计犯病达11次,其中12月2日至8日连     

一例抑郁情绪咨询案例报告——基于萨提亚式治疗方法

抑郁情绪是比较普遍的消极情绪,消除的方法也多种多样。本文提供的案例是来访者因与父母关系僵化导致情绪低落而前来咨询,采用萨提亚治疗模式对其进行辅导,通过4次的咨询,取得了预期的效果。在见证来访者的改变过程的同时,也着重介绍了该模式的一些主要技术。     

失眠症治疗的最新进展

失眠是睡眠障碍之一,主要表现为睡眠时间减少、入睡困难、入睡后易惊醒、醒后不易再入睡等。本文主要探讨了失眠的非药物治疗,包括睡眠约束,光疗法,认知治疗,松弛疗法和行为治疗。     

一例运用认知疗法的咨询案例报告

求助者罗某,减刑后没有收到家人的回信,近三个月以来忧心忡忡,产生了苦闷、抑郁、焦虑等情绪,影响了饮食、睡眠以及改造生活,主动申请咨询。心理咨询师经过收集求助者的基本资料,有针对性地进行心理测验以及综合性分析,作出了严重心理问题的诊断,主要运用认知疗法帮助求助者调整认知观念,消除抑郁情绪,取得了一定的疗效。     

一例轻度工作焦虑咨询案例

求助者是一位私营企业主,42岁,女。因为工作的系列问题而处于焦虑症状。最近一段时间食量减少,睡眠变少,焦虑烦躁。依据主诉与客观资料的核实,分析。经过慎重鉴别病与非病三原则。最后诊断为轻度焦虑状态,运用合理情绪疗法缓解求助者的情绪问题,从焦虑烦躁状态中解除,成功的使求助者恢复正常的工作和生活。     

一例强迫症患者的心理动力学诊断与治疗

本文以主要症状为强迫性并以具有典型强迫性人格特征的一名大学生为例,主要运用心理动力学的方法分析症状的成因,促成其情感的领悟和行为的改变。咨询目标不仅在于缓解或消除症状,也试图促进其健康人格的发展。另外,本案例也注意了认知改变、行为训练、与家庭辅导等方法的综合运用。运用各种方法尽快减少症状的影响,及时恢复其社会功能,并最大可能促进其人格的健康发展对于人生发展关键期的大学生有特别的意义。     

一例合理情绪疗法治疗焦虑症的案例报告

本文通过一例大学生焦虑症来访者的咨询案例,阐述了运用合理情绪疗法协助来访者解决自身问题的整个过程。本案例中来访者因为对生活中的负性生活事件存在不合理认知而形成焦虑情绪。在咨询方法上,运用合理情绪疗法,帮助来访者改变不合理认知,重新调整对生活事件的看法以及对其他人的态度,缓和焦虑情绪和不安全心理,并通过给予其行为指导和压力管理建议帮助其矫正不良生活习惯,恢复正常学习能力和社会交往功能。     

一例认知行为疗法治疗进食问题的案例报告

本案记述了一名本科二年级女生进食问题的咨询过程。咨询师通过资料搜集和鉴别诊断,确定为严重心理问题,制定了以认知行为疗法为主,并配合放松、行为塑造法的咨询方案,改变了求助者的不合理信念,减轻了其焦虑情绪,改变了求助者因身材问题产生的自卑情绪,建立了自信心,改善了人际关系。该咨询达到了预期的效果。     

Alexithymia and insomnia

The purpose of the present study was (1) to investigate the association between insomnia and alexithymia, as measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and its subscales, and (2) to test if the TAS-20 and its subscales show the same correlational pattern with anxiety, depression and perfectionism in insomnia patients as has previously been found in non-clinical samples. A consecutive series of 259 insomnia patients were compared with a community sample. Although the insomnia patients scored significantly higher on the TAS-20, this difference disappeared when trait anxiety was controlled for, and was primarily due to patients who suffered from insomnia associated with another psychiatric disorder. All insomnia groups, however, showed elevated scores on the TAS-20 subscale Externally Oriented Thinking (EOT). The correlational analysis showed moderate to high correlations between the TAS-20 (and its subscales Difficulties Identifying Feelings and Difficulties Describing Feelings, although not the EOT) and measures of depression, anxiety and perfectionism, thus replicating a pattern from non-clinical samples. The results are discussed in terms of externally oriented thinking being an interesting dimension of alexithymia, which is (a) not confounded by negative emotion and standards of performance, and (b) shows generally elevated scores in insomnia patients.     

A case study of behavioral assessment and treatment of insect phobia

We assessed the academic performance of a 14-year-old boy with insect phobia in the context of feared stimuli. The dependent measure was math calculation rate across three conditions that varied therapist statements about the presence of crickets and the actual presence of live crickets. Subsequent treatment consisted of graduated exposure and contingent rewards for math problem completion. Assessment results indicated that the boy's performance was consistently low in the presence of live crickets but not when he was spuriously informed that crickets were present (the primary referral concern). Treatment results indicated no effect from exposure alone and a dramatic effect when exposure was combined with contingent rewards.     

The interaction between baseline trait anxiety and trauma exposure as predictor of post-trauma symptoms of anxiety and insomnia

In this study a prospective design was used to investigate the interaction between baseline trait anxiety and exposure to traumatic situations on post-trauma symptoms of anxiety and insomnia in a sample of Swedish peacekeeping soldiers serving in Kosovo. The result showed that pre-trauma trait anxiety interacted with exposure to traumatic situations predicting a higher post-trauma distress. Further, baseline trait anxiety and baseline symptoms of anxiety and insomnia predicted post-trauma symptoms of anxiety and insomnia. The results support a diathesis stress model in which high trait anxiety interacts with trauma exposure in the elicitation of anxiety-related distress but the study needs to be replicated before further conclusions can be drawn.     

Psychological treatment of secondary insomnia

Psychological treatment of insomnia has focused on primary insomnia (i.e., having a psychological origin). Secondary insomnia, sleep disturbance caused by a psychiatric or medical disorder, although it is more common than primary insomnia, has received very little attention as a result of the belief that it would be refractory to treatment. The present study randomly assigned older adults with secondary insomnia to a treatment group, 4 sessions composed of relaxation and stimulus control, or a no-treatment control group. Self-report assessments conducted at pretreatment, posttreatment, and a 3-month follow-up revealed that treated participants showed significantly greater improvement on wake time during the night, sleep efficiency percentage, and sleep quality rating. The authors hypothesize that treatment success was probably due in part to difficulty in diagnostic discrimination between primary and secondary insomnia.     

Treatment of Comorbid Pica and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Case Study

This case report describes the assessment and treatment of a treatment-naïve 36-year-old Hispanic/Latina female with comorbid pica and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and iron-deficiency anemia. At the onset of treatment, the client consumed chalkboard chalk and vermiculite from potting soil approximately three times per week and presented with moderate-severity GAD. Assessment and treatment occurred over 24 weekly outpatient individual sessions. Treatment was delivered in concert with medical intervention to address anemia. A cognitive-behavioral case formulation was developed from multiple assessment sources. A process-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention approach was used to target GAD and pica simultaneously, which included psychoeducation, self-monitoring, arousal reduction skills, cognitive training (reappraisal, distancing), and behavior modification/stimulus control techniques. Barriers to treatment and their solutions are discussed. At the end of treatment, the client demonstrated increased insight and understanding of her worry symptoms and pica behavior, acquired cognitive skills and arousal reduction strategies for managing GAD, and reported less than one episode of pica per week. The identified assessment and treatment approach is worthy of future investigation to inform empirically based treatment development efforts, especially for pica.     

焦虑个体“冷”、“热”执行功能Stroop效应量比较

该文采用Stroop实验范式对筛选出的49名高焦虑个体和48名低焦虑个体的“冷”、“热”执行功能进行测量,以探讨不同焦虑程度个体“冷”、“热”执行功能间的差异。结果表明,在“冷”执行功能方面,高焦虑个体与低焦虑个体Stroop效应量之间没有显著差异;在“热”执行功能方面,两组被试情绪Stroop的效应量无差异;两类词;12的Stroop效应量差异显著;词汇类型×被试类型的交互作用非常显著;进一步的简单效应分析表明,两组被试的情绪Stroop效应量在消极词汇水平差异显著,两类词汇Stroop效应量在低焦虑组差异显著。说明高、低焦虑个体在“冷”执行功能上没有显著差异,高焦虑个体的“冷”执行功能正常,而“热”执行功能下降,表现为高焦虑个体对两极情绪的趋避关系失调,即对消极情绪具有偏向性,对积极情绪具有回避性。     

Socially anxious adolescents' perception of treatment by classmates

This study addressed the question if socially anxious adolescents have a negatively biased perception of the way they are treated by their peers. A total of 998 high school students from Grades 8-10 were categorized as socially low, middle, or high anxious on the basis of their SAS-A score. The perceived behavior of classmates was measured using three lists that described class behaviors during oral presentations of students, one list was concerned with the behaviors directed towards the student him/herself and the other two with behaviors directed towards a hypothetical high and low socially anxious peer, respectively. The results indicated that high socially anxious students felt negatively treated by their peers and that the other students too perceived that socially anxious classmates were treated more negatively. This suggests that the perception of the high socially anxious students is not distorted but based on the actual treatment they receive from their classmates.