催眠疗法的整合:认知催眠疗法

认知催眠疗法是心理治疗的整合模式下,催眠疗法与认知疗法有机结合而发展成的一种治疗方法.催眠疗法虽然有临床疗效,但因为缺乏现代心理治疗和行为矫治的理论,所以难以进入主流学院派的心理疗法范畴.促进催眠疗法发展的一个途径是在心理疗法整合模式的思想指导下,就像心理疗法中的认知疗法和行为疗法整合一样,催眠疗法作为一种有效的疗法整合融入公认的认知疗法中,从而让催眠疗法有现代理论依托.认知催眠疗法的提出,为催眠术临床实践提供了标准统一的理论平台,也代表着心理疗法整合模式的发展,有利于临床实践和理论相结合.     

催眠疗法应遵循的五大哲学观

催眠疗法应遵循的五大哲学观皖南医学院催眠门诊（芜湖２４１００１）蒋平所谓催眠疗法就是指运用科学的生理放松、气功导引、心理诱导与暗示等方法使人进入意识活动相对抑制的催眠状态（潜意识状态）后,对人的心理与生理状况加以科学调控的医疗技术。它不是什么“神功”...     

正念认知疗法对手机依赖大学生的干预效果*

使用SAS和MPAI量表从820名被试中筛选出60名被试随机分配到实验组和对照组进行实验研究。预期通过正念认知疗法对手机依赖进行干预以降低大学生手机依赖程度。结果发现:实验组被试在接受正念认知疗法为期4周8次的团体辅导训练后,手机依赖总分、失控性、戒断性和逃避性因子得分与对照组相比显著降低,正念水平显著提高。结果表明正念认知疗法对个体的手机依赖的干预效果明显。     

催眠疗法对现代大学生一般自我效能感的影响

自我效能感过低,是现代大学生生活质量不高,学习生活状态不佳的原因之一,本文对运用催眠疗法,在潜意识状态下针对大学生自我效能感的心理干预方面的研究现状进行综述,以了解催眠疗法对大学生自我效能进行心理干预的影响和作用,本文旨在研究现代大学生在催眠状态下自我效能感的变化,以期为提高自我效能感提供有效的干预方法,从而达到提高学生的学习质量和身心健康水平的目的。为临床心理咨询师对现代大学生进行心理干预提供理论基础。本文通过文献查阅法得出催眠疗法能提升大学生自我效能感。     

认知疗法的整合性发展

认知疗法于20世纪60-70年代在美国产生,在数十年的发展过程中其理论与治疗技术不断得以丰富和发展,目前已成为心理治疗的主要流派之一。本文主要对今年来认知疗法的整合性发展,及其在应用中存在的一些问题进行了概述。     

一例大学生同性恋的心理咨询案例报告

本案例是针对一名男性大学生由于同性恋而引发的一些情绪困扰和心理问题而进行的咨询。在咨询过程中,主要使用了精神分析疗法,结合认知疗法和人本主义理论。经过咨询,求助者因同性恋引发的痛苦和困扰得以缓解,情绪状态明显好转,达到了咨询目标。通过对这位大学生的咨询,证明精神分析疗法结合人本主义、认知疗法对同性恋者进行咨询与治疗能取得良好的效果。     

氟伏沙明联合认知疗法治疗躯体形式障碍临床疗效分析

探讨氟伏沙明联合认知疗法治疗躯体形式障碍临床疗效。将60例躯体形式障碍患者随机分为研究组(氟伏沙明联合认知疗法)和对照组(仅用氟伏沙明治疗)各30例,观察8周。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)躯体化因子评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)于治疗前、治疗第2周末、第4周末、第8周末评估临床疗效,用副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果,治疗8周后,研究组各项测查减分明显。氟伏沙明联合认知疗法治疗躯体形式障碍疗效优于单用氟伏沙明,疗效稳定,且不增加副作用。     

自尊心理受挫的咨询

本文叙述了黄某因高考落榜,自尊心受到打击,情绪低落,吃不下饭,睡不好觉出现心理问题。心理咨询师经过收集黄某的基本资料,结合咨询过程,咨询师主要运用认知疗法帮助其调整认知观念,运用合理情绪疗法对求助者心理问题进行了分析,消除了黄某的适应不良情绪,咨询效果明显。     

一例高中生人际交往问题的心理咨询案例报告

本文是一例运用认知疗法,对一名受人际交往问题困扰的女高中生进行心理咨询的案例报告。求助者因为班内没有同学愿意与她同桌来求助,自己感觉很无助,出现了焦虑、情绪低落、上课注意力不集中等症状,学习、生活受到了一定影响。咨询师运用认知疗法,经过4次咨询,求助者的焦虑情绪有所缓解,与周围同学的关系出现了缓和,能以正常的心态进行学习。     

正念认知疗法用于抑郁症复发预防的研究现状

正念指对当下的体验(包括个人的感觉、想法、身体状态和环境)不加评判地觉知,同时又抱着开放、好奇和接纳的心态.正念认知疗法(MBCT)主要用于抑郁症复发的预防,帮助患者从反刍思维、体验逃避等适应不良的应对模式中摆脱出来.本文对近几年正念及相关疗法的内涵,MBCT在预防抑郁症复发上的优势,以及MBCT的作用机制和疗效等研究状况进行了综述.     

一例医学院校男生考研失败引发一般心理问题的报告

案例描述了一位大四护理学专业的男生，因为考研失利后出现注意力不集中、睡眠障碍等问题前来咨询，诊断为一般心理问题。咨询师采用合理情绪疗法，经过5次心理咨询，取得预期效果。     

一例人际关系敏感的心理咨询案例报告

一位女大学生在由于人际关系敏感,不能与同学正常交往,出现焦虑情绪、睡眠障碍、学习效率下降等症状。咨询师通过摄入性会谈收集了资料,发现来访者之所以陷入困境与复杂的家庭关系有关。咨询师主要运用认知行为疗法,帮助来访者进行认知重建,通过5次咨询,来访者情绪趋于平稳,睡眠得到了改善,学习效率得以提高,社会适应能力及心理承受能力都得到了提高,人格进一步完善。     

Treatment Techniques for Adult Female Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse

The author reviews recent empirical, case study, and conceptual literature that examines or discusses treatment techniques for adult female survivors in individual therapy. These techniques are divided into the following 11 categories: relationship-building techniques; questioning: family-of-origin techniques; writing techniques; gestalt work, role playing, and psychodrama; transactional analysis and inner-child work: hypnotherapy and guided imagery; cognitive techniques; behavioral techniques; life-skills training; and other techniques. The author concludes with implications for researchers and practitioners.     

睡眠剥夺影响风险决策的双系统模型探讨

睡眠剥夺是指由于环境或自身原因无法满足正常睡眠时间的情况。大量实证研究发现, 睡眠剥夺会导致个体在风险决策中更倾向于风险寻求, 同时也有研究表明睡眠剥夺会导致个体风险规避, 而目前尚无统一结论。睡眠剥夺从风险感知、风险容忍、风险决策策略三个方面影响了风险决策, 其心理机制可由认知和情绪双路径模型进行解释, 且脑神经生理学研究也提供了相关证据。未来的研究应该进一步关注：(1)现实工作生活中的睡眠不足对风险决策的影响; (2)睡眠剥夺影响风险决策的理论模型建构。     

Hypnoanalyse – Ein Stiefkind der Psychoanalyse

Goal of this article is to present the manifold methods and techniques of modern hypnotherapy/hypnoanalysis and to show the possibilities for linking them to traditional psychoanalytical methods. In the introduction, clarification of concepts and a short historical overview is given. The phenomenology of the hypnotical state and its assessment from a psychoanalytical and a non-psychoanalytical view either follows. In this connection the topic of meditation is shortly discussed. In the main part a definition of hypnoanalysis is given, the most important hypnoanalytical methods are described and demonstrated by case studies. The question whether psychoanalysis is to be considered as a trance therapy, is also discussed. Free association in hypnotical trance is especially recommended with patients having difficulties to reach their own feelings.     

Family hypnotherapy: Erickson or systems?

This paper argues that Ericksonian hypnotherapy is epistemologically at variance with the systems theory underlying most forms of family therapy. This incompatibility is not often realized, because of other shared assumptions such as focusing on positives, and the utilization of presenting behaviour. The paper highlights the epistemological differences between Systems and Ericksonian thinking and presents the concept of attribution of meaning as a possible way out of the difficulties which arise when these two opposing modes of thought are mixed in therapy.     

No seasonality in cognitive performance among adolescents at a subarctic latitude (69°N)

Seasonal changes in daylight are substantial in subarctic areas and are known to affect circadian sleep rhythms. We examined whether seasonality in cognitive performance also exists and to what extent seasonality in sleep moderates this relationship. In the city of Tromsø (Norway) at 69°N, 182 adolescents (36% male; mean age 16.8 years) participated in a prospective study. The cognitive measures included verbal and visual memory, verbal learning, psychomotor speed, and problem solving, whereas sleep and sleep‐related problems were recorded via weekly sleep diaries and questionnaires. The results indicated no effect of season on any of the cognitive tests. Seasonality in sleep timing, insomnia, and fatigue were confirmed; however, these variables did not modify the null correlation between season and cognition. The lack of seasonality in cognition is a positive finding and serves to undermine myths about the burdens of living in subarctic areas with substantial seasonal changes in daylight.     

Group therapy in Leningrad

The author traces the development of group therapy in the Soviet Union based on a review of the literature and his experiences in Leningrad as a Faculty Exchange Scholar. Although early approaches used hypnotherapy and educational techniques, the Bolshevik revolution introduced the concept of the collective, which subsequently influenced group therapy. Recently, personality-focused models and approaches similar to those in the West have been advocated, especially at the Bekhterev Institute in Leningrad. The author describes his experiences supervising two Soviet clinicians who coled a therapy group for inpatient schizophrenics using techniques he developed in the United States.     

Sleep disruption explains age-related prospective memory deficits: implications for cognitive aging and intervention

The high prevalence of sleep disruption among older adults may have implications for cognitive aging, particularly for higher-order aspects of cognition. One domain where sleep disruption may contribute to age-related deficits is prospective memory—the ability to remember to perform deferred actions at the appropriate time in the future. Community-dwelling older adults (55–93 years, N = 133) undertook assessment of sleep using actigraphy and participated in a laboratory-based prospective memory task. After controlling for education, sleep disruption (longer awakenings) was associated with poorer prospective memory. Additionally, longer awakenings mediated the relationship between older age and poorer prospective memory. Other metrics of sleep disruption, including sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset, were not related to prospective memory, suggesting that examining the features of individual wake episodes rather than total wake time may help clarify relationships between sleep and cognition. The mediating role of awakening length was partially a function of greater depression and poorer executive function (shifting) but not retrospective memory. This study is among the first to examine the association between objectively measured sleep and prospective memory in older adults. Furthermore, this study is novel in suggesting sleep disruption might contribute to age-related prospective memory deficits; perhaps, with implications for cognitive aging more broadly. Our results suggest that there may be opportunities to prevent prospective memory decline by treating sleep problems.     

The relationship between sleep and working memory in children with neurological conditions

The objective of this study is to investigate whether sleep problems might account for the increased working memory deficits observed in school-aged children with neurological conditions. A novel, transdiagnostic approach to the investigation was chosen, and sleep is treated as a process that can potentially account for working memory difficulties across a range of neurological conditions. Prevalence estimates of sleep problems are also examined. Archival data of 237 children aged 6 to 11 years were collected from a Western Australian statewide neuropsychological service for the period 26 July 2011 to 14 January 2014. Measures of parent-reported sleep quality, snoring, and daytime sleepiness were obtained, in addition to objective measures of verbal and spatial working memory, storage capacity, and processing speed. The results of the data analysis reveal that over one third of participants reported having clinically-significant levels of sleep problems and that poor sleep quality is significantly associated with verbal working memory difficulties. This association remains after partialling out the variance contributed to performance by storage capacity and processing speed, suggesting that sleep is impacting upon an executive component of working memory. No other significant associations are observed. The results suggest that poor sleep quality is associated with an executive component of verbal (rather than spatial) working memory in children with neurological conditions. This has implications for the biological mechanisms thought to underlie the relationship between sleep and cognition in children. The results also demonstrate the clinical utility of a transdiagnostic approach when investigating sleep and cognition in children with neurological conditions.