一例一般心理问题的咨询案例分析报告

本文详细介绍了一例因为英语四级考试没有通过引发的一般心理问题的咨询过程。来访者韩某,女,20岁,是一名大二学生,因为英语四级考试没有通过而出现了睡眠质量差,学习效率下降,情绪低落等症状,来访者主动求助于校心理健康中心,迫切希望改变现状,能够正常的学习生活。咨询师在和来访者商议后根据其个性特征和问题的特点采用了合理情绪疗法对其进行干预,帮助她改变了其非理性的信念,经过咨询,来访者情绪好转,可以正确看待困难,取得了比较好的咨询效果。     

一例大学新生人际关系适应不良咨询案例报告

本文是对一名大学新生人际适应不良问题进行咨询的心理辅导案例报告。主要采用了合理情绪治疗等方法,并请来访者的家长与教师协助对来访者进行干预。通过咨询,使来访者用理性思维方式代替非理性思维方式,树立合理的信念,使其改变认知倾向,建立自信,逐渐适应大学新的人际关系,基本上达到了比较好的咨询效果。     

考试引发焦虑情绪的咨询案例

这是心理咨询师对一名高三毕业生进行心理咨询的完整过程。以解决因考试引发焦虑情绪为主要内容,深入探讨来访者焦虑情绪背后的原因。采用认知疗法,帮助来访者学习自我调节的方式,改善其情绪状况。报告共分为八大部分:一、一般资料;二、主诉和个人陈述;三、观察和他人反映;四、评估与诊断;五、咨询目标的确立;六、咨询方案的制定;七、咨询过程;八、咨询效果评估。     

一例合理情绪疗法治疗焦虑症的案例报告

本文通过一例大学生焦虑症来访者的咨询案例,阐述了运用合理情绪疗法协助来访者解决自身问题的整个过程。本案例中来访者因为对生活中的负性生活事件存在不合理认知而形成焦虑情绪。在咨询方法上,运用合理情绪疗法,帮助来访者改变不合理认知,重新调整对生活事件的看法以及对其他人的态度,缓和焦虑情绪和不安全心理,并通过给予其行为指导和压力管理建议帮助其矫正不良生活习惯,恢复正常学习能力和社会交往功能。     

一焦虑情绪困扰的心理咨询案例

本文通过对一例焦虑情绪的来访者咨询案例研究,经过讨论分析,作出诊断,确定来访者为因自身认识而导致的焦虑情绪。咨询师恰当运用合理情绪疗法,成功帮助来访者走出心理困境,改变其错误认知,消除其焦虑情绪,取得了较好的咨询效果。     

适应不良引起情绪问题的案例报告

这是心理咨询师对一名女性服刑人员的心理咨询的一个完整过程,以一个适应不良引起的情绪问题为例,深入探讨来访者焦虑抑郁情绪背后的人格、适应问题,采用合理情绪疗法,帮助来访者学习用新的方式来体验生活,让自己与周围的环境及人们建立良好的互动。最后,通过来访者自己负责任的自我探索,使自己的心理状况及行为模式取得许多积极的改变。该案例报告分为八大部分：一、一般资料;二、主诉和个人陈述;三、观察和他人反映;四、评估与诊断;五、咨询目标的确立;六、咨询方案的制定;七、咨询过程;八、咨询效果评估。     

一例大学生演讲焦虑心理问题的咨询案例

本文是一例使用合理情绪疗法咨询由演讲焦虑引起的一般心理问题的个案。详细搜集、整理来访者Y的有关资料,对来访者Y的心理问题进行诊断归类,客观评价其心理问题的严重程度。依据认知疗法理论,运用合理情绪疗法对来访者Y开展咨询,让来访者Y与其不合理信念进行辩论,帮助其识别自己的不合理信念并代之以合理的信念,通过心理咨询,来访者Y上台讲话的焦虑、紧张情绪有明显缓解,恢复正常的生活和社会功能。     

人际适应不良诊断与干预——焦点解决短期咨询

本报告针对一例大学生人际交往适应不良案例,首先用系统脱敏疗法缓解来访者对人际交往的焦虑、恐惧情绪,并帮助其尝试接受现状。接着采用焦点解决短期咨询,改变来访者对自身状况的负性看法,寻找其正向资源,并找到改变的突破口。通过六次咨询,来访者对人际交往的焦虑情绪有改善,对人际交往开始有信心并敢于尝试,自我评价比咨询前积极,达到了干预的目的。     

一例失恋心理的案例报告

本文是一例使用合理情绪疗法咨询一般心理问题的个案。咨询中综合使用各种技术方法,让来访者与其不合理信念进行辩论,帮助其识别自己的不合理信念并代之以合理的信念,同时协助来访者对咨询效果进行巩固。通过心理咨询,来访者的悲伤情绪得以缓解,社会适应能力及心理承受能力都得到了提高,人格进一步完善。     

一例一般心理问题案例分析

本文为一例一般心理问题的咨询案例报告。来访者在看到他人由于紧张出现口误、肢体颤抖时,脑中突然浮现自己昔日相似经历,且挥之不去,进而感受痛苦,影响生活学习。本文通过对来访者的症状评估、鉴别诊断、病因分析,制定了咨询方案,并运用合理情绪疗法帮助来访者消除焦虑情绪,改变错误认知,较好地实现了具体目标和近期目标,并致力于促使来访者的人格健全和心理健康。     

The Non-Indian Therapist Working with American Indian Clients

Abstract

The lack of success non-Indian therapists have had in working with American Indian clients has perpetuated a repetitive cycle of poor mental health services with this population. Although we cannot change the historic distrust that exists, we can begin to understand cultural differences and how they can impact treatment to obtain positive results. Acknowledgment of these differences can promote trust, a core ingredient that must be established between the client and therapist. This paper offers guidelines to assist the non-Indian therapist in working with the American Indian client.     

Using the Theory of Gender and Power to Examine Experiences of Partner Violence,Sexual Negotiation,and Risk of HIV/AIDS Among Economically Disadvantaged Women in Southern India

This article uses the Theory of Gender and Power to examine women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in order to: understand the vulnerability of female sex workers/poor women due to poverty and lack of educational resources; explore women's vulnerability in the context of client/partner violence, alcohol use, male partner's high-risk behaviors, and women's lack of control in their intimate relationships; and explore the role of traditional heterosexual gender norms in the outcomes of sexual negotiation. Ethnographic data were collected from 32 women and 38 men in India as part of an ongoing National Institute of Mental Health study. Results highlighted women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS stemming from partner violence, alcohol use, poverty, dangers of sex work environments, and tacit acceptance of cultural/gender norms.     

Targeting Insight in First Episode Psychosis: A Case Study of Metacognitive Reflection Insight Therapy (MERIT)

One aspect of schizophrenia contributing to its complexity is the lack of insight individuals often have into their illness. While poor insight is prevalent throughout the course of the illness, more severe levels are associated with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Interventions addressing insight are necessary but current treatments have been shown to have limited effectiveness. Thus, a novel intervention, Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT), is being studied for its efficacy of improving insight in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. MERIT is an integrative metacognitive therapy consisting of eight elements to assist clients in improving their ability to form complex ideas about themselves and others and to use this knowledge to respond to psychological problems. The present study is a case illustration of the implementation of MERIT to improve insight in FEP. Clinical outcomes were assessed and results showed that the client improved in both metacognition and insight. With replication, these results suggest that integrative metacognitive psychotherapy may serve as an intervention that improves insight in FEP, which marks an important step toward improved interventions for individuals with psychosis.     

The Nature of Client Agency Prior to Therapy: A Qualitative Study on Clients’ Narratives

Client agency is considered a crucial contributor to good treatment outcome. Recent studies, however, differ strongly in how they conceptualise and investigate agency. The current study explores the nature of client agency in ten clients’ pre-treatment interviews. Applying Consensual Qualitative Research, we constructed three overarching categories, subdivided into 14 sub-categories capturing both between- and within-person differences in agency before therapy. We found that all participants oscillated between the experience of a lack of grip on problems on the one hand and noticing their involvement in the problem and taking action on the other. These results present a dynamic conceptualisation of client agency. This allows us to ask pertinent questions for both future research and clinical practice.     

Tape‐assisted reciprocal teaching: Cognitive bootstrapping for poor decoders

Background: Students who have limited skills in decoding and comprehension and who lack motivation to read present difficulties for practitioners. Difficulties may be compounded when these students lack access to age‐appropriate and interesting text and have lost the notion of reading as a process of obtaining meaning from print. Aims: This research examined the effects of a modified reciprocal teaching intervention for readers with poor decoding skills and poor comprehension. Tapeassisted reciprocal teaching was used to help students with poor decoding skills develop cognitive and metacognitive strategies and improve their comprehension of high interest expository texts. Methods: Two single‐subject research design studies involving four groups of students were conducted. Study I involved one experimental group and Study II was a multiple baseline design involving three experimental groups. Sample: Each experimental group comprised a heterogeneous mix of six students, three with poor decoding skills and three with adequate decoding skills, all of whom showed poor comprehension. Results: As a result of the tape‐assisted reciprocal teaching, the poor decoders demonstrated improved application of cognitive and metacognitive strategies and improved comprehension. These improvements were shown on both researcherdeveloped and standardised tests as well as on maintenance and transfer measures. The students with adequate decoding skills also showed improvements in comprehension. Conclusions: The success of the intervention for poor decoders suggests that tape assisted reciprocal teaching may be seen as a form of ‘cognitive bootstrapping’ to enable poor readers to escape the cycle of reading failure and engage more meaningfully in the process of reading.     

Ethically Problematic Value Change as an Outcome of Psychotherapeutic Interventions

Values nonpaternalism—the ethical imperative to avoid imposing values onto clients—is implicit in most widely used ethical frameworks employed by psychotherapists. Although changes in client values may represent desired psychotherapeutic outcomes, some such changes may be ethically problematic. Interventions are characterized by values paternalism when they are intended to promote client welfare but are accompanied by impositions against client values. Providers and consumers of psychotherapy may routinely lack awareness of this consideration. Psychotherapists may have a duty to be informed about ethically problematic value change accompanying psychotherapy and to inform clients about this phenomenon.     

Is cluttering a motor disorder?

A 15-year-old-boy was referred on account of a fluency disorder that was not thought to be stuttering. The problems of the lack of an adequate definition of cluttering are discussed along with the inherent problems of providing a wide-based assessment of this client group. Assessments were conducted on the motoric, linguistic, and intellectual abilities of this client, and the findings are discussed.     

A Relational Approach to Genetic Counseling for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Ethical issues arise for genetic counselors when a client fails to disclose a genetic diagnosis of hereditary disease to family: they must consider the rights of the individual client to privacy and confidentiality as well as the rights of the family to know their genetic risk. Although considerable work has addressed issues of non-disclosure from the client’s perspective, there is a lack of qualitative research into how genetic counselors address this issue in practice. In this study, a qualitative approach was taken to investigate whether genetic counselors in Australia use a relational approach to encourage the disclosure of genetic information from hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) clients among family members; and if so, how they use it. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 genetic counselors from selected states across Australia. Data collection and analysis were guided by a basic iterative approach incorporating a hybrid methodology to thematic analysis. The findings provide indicative evidence of genetic counselors employing a relational approach in three escalating stages––covert, overt and authoritative––to encourage the disclosure of genetic information. The findings lend credence to the notion that genetic counselors envision a form of relational autonomy for their clients in the context of sharing genetic information, and they depart from individualistic conceptions of care/solely client-centered counseling when addressing the needs of other family members to know their genetic status.     

Dropping Out of Marriage and Family Therapy: A Critical Review of Research

The lack of attention given to research on the premature termination by clients in marriage and family therapy is evident in research reviews of the dropout phenomenon in psychotherapy. This article is an attempt to fill that void. The research literature on dropping out of family therapy is reviewed and organized. Studies in this area tend to focus on four kinds of variables: client characteristics, therapist characteristics, therapy process variables, and interventions. Stable findings in each of these areas are pointed out. Both limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.     

A Prime Time for Marital/Relational Intervention: A Review of the Transition to Parenthood Literature with Treatment Recommendations

The transition to parenthood is a near universal experience for individuals and families, yet there is a severe lack of applied research and clinical treatment guidelines. Justification for a greater clinical emphasis on this transition is made through a review of the common changes experienced by new parents. Intervention guidelines are offered in the areas of client/participant recruitment, assessment, and clinical areas of focus. Specific topics that should be addressed in treatment include the parents' family-of-origin influences and individual personality characteristics, changes experienced in the couple relationship, and important contextual issues.