从“扁鹊自责”谈我国糖尿病防治现状及对策

全球糖尿病发病率日益增多。我国糖尿病诊断率及治疗达标率低,并发症发生率高、进展快,治疗现状令人担忧。减轻体重干预糖耐量受损,是决定疾病转归的关键环节、生活方式及药物干预均可降低糖尿病发生率。只有重视普及糖尿病相关知识,提高专业队伍素质,针对高危人群重点筛查及干预,早期发现糖尿病及综合治疗,才有可能减少糖尿病发病率及致残、致死率。     

从ACCORD研究中再认识2型糖尿病强化降糖治疗

心血管并发症是2型糖尿病患者的主要死亡风险.减少2型糖尿病患者的心血管病死亡风险是2型糖尿病患者临床治疗的重要目的.强化降糖治疗能减少糖尿病患者心血管并发症及糖尿病相关死亡,但不同的个体应有不同的强化降糖措施和不同的标准.对于老年人、糖尿病病程长、心脑血管疾病高危人群需要在注重安全性的基础上进行个体化治疗.     

从"扁鹊自责"谈我国糖尿病防治现状及对策

全球糖尿病发病率日益增多.我国糖尿病诊断率及治疗达标率低,并发症发生率高、进展快,治疗现状令人担忧.减轻体重干预糖耐量受损,是决定疾病转归的关键环节、生活方式及药物干预均可降低糖尿病发生率.只有重视普及糖尿病相关知识,提高专业队伍素质,针对高危人群重点筛查及干预,早期发现糖尿病及综合治疗,才有可能减少糖尿病发病率及致残、致死率.     

导言:非内分泌科糖尿病患者的血糖管理

<正>糖尿病是一种严重危害人类健康的全身代谢性疾病。随着人民生活水平提高,糖尿病患病率呈逐年上升的趋势,2000年全球糖尿病患病率为2.8%,预计2030年将增至4.4%。到2025年全世界糖尿病患者将达到3亿,其中发展中国家为2.3亿,目前中国糖尿病患者达4千万之多,仅次于印度,居世界第2位。越来越多的糖尿病患者伴发其他疾病,如心脑     

提高对慢性疾病预防的优先选择：一个政策性进程

慢性疾病,尤其是心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症、慢性阻塞性呼吸系统疾病被忽视了,尽管全球越来越多的严重负担得到了认识,但是他们的事业还远不如此。全球和国家政策没有停止,而且在许多情况下作出了贡献,包括这种慢性疾病的流行。     

2型糖尿病的营养干预策略

2型糖尿病的发病率日益增加,已成为影响人类健康的主要疾病之一。糖尿病的高糖、高脂状态可使活性氧化物产生增多,造成氧化应激;氧化应激与糖尿病的发生与发展密切相关,通过联合补充抗氧化微量营养素VitE、VitC、Zn及Se,以及多选用含抗氧化物食品,可有效地降低氧化应激,从而阻止或延缓糖尿病病情的进展。     

色素上皮源性因子在心脑血管疾病伴发糖尿病中的检测意义

本研究检测了心血管疾病患者中的血清色素上皮源性因子(PEDF)水平,观察其表达水平在心脑血管疾病中与其他伴发疾病的关系,即与吸烟、体重、高血压、蛋白尿、糖尿病等指标进行深入分析.发现PEDF的水平与糖尿病发病呈正相关;进一步的研究发现将重组人PEDF刺激培养的胰岛细胞,发现胰岛细胞分泌胰岛素功能受损,提示心血管疾病中,检测患者血液中的PEDF表达量可起到预测糖尿病发生,并提示胰岛细胞功能异常的作用.     

2型糖尿病的营养干预策略

2型糖尿病的发病率日益增加,已成为影响人类健康的主要疾病之一.糖尿病的高糖、高脂状态可使活性氧化物产生增多,造成氧化应激;氧化应激与糖尿病的发生与发展密切相关,通过联合补充抗氧化微量营养素VitE、VitC、Zn及Se,以及多选用含抗氧化物食品,可有效地降低氧化应激,从而阻止或延缓糖尿病病情的进展.     

糖尿病分型与治疗：我们还需要走多远

由于糖尿病病因至今未明,虽然临床上多采用ADA糖尿病分型方法,但随着对糖尿病病因及发病机制的研究,出现了许多难以用传统的标准进行分类的疾病状态。有人提出淡化糖尿病分型的争论。笔者认为高血糖仅是一种表现,并不是疾病的本质,慢性低活度炎症状态可能是核心机制之一,机体的这种慢性低活度炎症状态可能与糖尿病肾病、抗感染免疫失控以及创伤愈合障碍有关。短时间内控制急性高血糖状态对挽救生命是关键的,但要实现长期是代谢紊乱控制、纠正不良生活习惯、减轻腹内脂肪堆积,进而降低改善机体的慢性炎症状态可能是最全面且安全的唯一措施。     

人体棕色脂肪的临床意义

饮食增加和运动减少使肥胖及其相关代谢疾病患病率逐年升高,尤其是许多与肥胖相关的疾病,如2型糖尿病、高血脂、心脑血管疾病等已成为威胁健康的重要因素,且目前缺乏有效、安全的防治策略。研究证实人体内存在棕色脂肪／米色脂肪,参与机体的物质代谢,在维持能量平衡方面有重要作用,因此成为增加能量消耗方面颇具吸引力的一个研究靶点。本文将对棕色脂肪及其对人体的影响做一综述,并讨论其作为治疗肥胖及相关代谢性疾病新靶点的可行性。     

代谢综合征致病的诊疗思考

如果将心血管疾病喻为冰山一角,潜在水中的冰山是危险因素的话,那么代谢综合征(MetS)就是深藏于水中冰山的最底层,这一形象的比喻是人类长期与疾病作斗争中运用科学思维的总结。目前,MetS已被公认是心血管疾病的危险因素,是与糖尿病和心血管疾病密切相关的一种疾病,其发病率居心血管疾病危险因素之首。     

过敏性鼻炎和支气管哮喘治疗的统一性与整体观

过敏性鼻炎和支气管哮喘是常见的上下气道联合炎性疾病。尽管其治疗手段多样,效果良好,但由于目前对过敏性鼻炎的认识及重视程度不够,治疗现状并不乐观。从哲学上辩证统一的认识过敏性鼻炎和支气管哮喘的治疗,并以现代整体医学的观点分析两者的同一性,为临床实践中针对两者进行整体治疗提供理论依据。     

国外已决犯监狱服刑人员自尊研究综述

几十年来,国外学术界对于被监禁人员的自尊问题进行了很多研究,并取得了诸多研究成果。本文对有关已决犯监狱服刑人员的自尊研究进行了简要回顾,对相关研究及其成果进行了简要介绍,对研究的特点、局限进行了总结,并在此基础上尝试提出了未来研究应关注的要点。     

Restoring the Spiritual: Reflections on Arrogance and Myopia—Allopathic and Holistic

Over the past two decades, researchers have successfully accumulated lots of data pointing to a salutary impact of religious involvement. But progress in the religion and health field has been inhibited by the relative lack of attention to important conceptual and theoretical issues. This paper asserts that until we focus as much on the latter as on the former, this field will remain marginalized and thus ineffective in contributing to understandings of the determinants of health and healing. Careful attention to the how and why of a religion–health connection is imperative for bringing this research into the mainstream of biomedicine.     

Busy Streets Theory: The Effects of Community‐engaged Greening on Violence

Lack of maintenance on vacant neighborhood lots is associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress for nearby residents. Overgrown grasses and dense brush provide hiding spots for criminals and space to conduct illicit activities. This study builds upon previous research by investigating greening programs that engage community members to conduct routine maintenance on vacant lots within their neighborhoods. The Clean & Green program is a community‐based solution that facilitates resident‐driven routine maintenance of vacant lots in a midsized, Midwestern city. We use mixed effects regression to compare assault and violent crime counts on streets where vacant lot(s) are maintained by community members (N = 216) versus streets where vacant lots were left alone (N = 446) over a 5‐year timeframe (2009–2013). Street segments with vacant lots maintained through the Clean & Green program had nearly 40% fewer assaults and violent crimes than street segments with vacant, abandoned lots, which held across 4 years with a large sample and efforts to test counterfactual explanations. Community‐engaged greening programs may not only provide a solution to vacant lot maintenance, but also work as a crime prevention or reduction strategy. Engaging the community to maintain vacant lots in their neighborhood reduces costs and may increase the sustainability of the program.     

Multiple incentives in encouraging car pool formation on a university campus

The effects of a combined token economy and reserved parking program were evaluated as a means of increasing car pooling among students on a university campus. Following a baseline period, students in two experimental parking lots were notified of the availability of reserved parking and coupons redeemable for 25 cents in merchandise for each occupant of automobiles containing two or more people. Two control lots also were monitored for a comparison of treatment effects. Results indicated variable increases in car pooling in the two experimental lots and no increase in the control lots. Removal of the 25-cent coupons from one treatment lot (reserved parking only) did not adversely affect rates of car pooling. An analysis of individual automobile occupancy rates among car poolers indicated distinct patterns of car pooling and underscored the importance of individual subject data analysis in the present situation. A cost-benefit analysis indicated that even moderately effective car pool programs can be cost-effective on both a public and personal level.     

Assessing attitudes toward gay marriage among selected Christian groups using the lost-letter technique

100 each envelopes were distributed to Christian church parking lots and general public parking lots. Letters were addressed to either the "Gay Marriage Foundation" or to a neutral organization. Significantly more neutral letters (n = 75) were returned than "Gay Marriage Foundation" letters (n = 36) from both types of locations, but no differences were found for return rates. Gay marriage may be a controversial topic for people in this area of California. The limitations of the lost-letter technique prohibit fine distinctions; however, one may infer attitudes toward gay marriage may not be more negative among Christian church attendees than in the general public.     

The Loneliness Questionnaire-Short Version: an evaluation of reverse-worded and non-reverse-worded items via item response theory

Although reverse-worded items have often been incorporated in scale construction to minimize the effects of acquiescent reporting biases, some researchers have more recently begun questioning this approach and wondering whether the advantages associated with incorporating reverse-worded items is worth the complexities that they bring to measures (e.g., Brown, 2003 ; Marsh, 1996 ). In this study, we used item response theory (IRT) to determine whether there is statistical justification to eliminate the reverse-worded items (e.g., "I have lots of friends") from the Loneliness Questionnaire (LQ; Asher, Hymel, & Renshaw, 1984) and retain only the non-reverse-worded items (e.g., "I'm lonely") to inform the provision of a shortened LQ version. Using a large sample of children (Grades 2-7; n = 6,784) and adolescents (Grades 8-12; n = 4,941), we examined the psychometric properties of the 24-item LQ and found support for retaining the 9 non-reverse-worded LQ items to make up a shortened measure of loneliness in youth. We found that the non-reverse-worded items were associated with superior psychometric properties relative to the reverse-worded items with respect to reliability and IRT parameters (e.g., discrimination and item information). A 3-point Likert-type scale was also found to be more suitable for measuring loneliness across both children and adolescents compared to the original 5-point scale. The relative contributions of reverse-worded and non-reverse-worded items in scale development for youth instruments are also discussed.     

Community engagement,greening, and violent crime: A test of the greening hypothesis and Busy Streets

Researchers have documented that vacant lot greening can reduce community-level crime and violence. Busy Streets Theory (BST) suggests that residents who are involved in the greening process can help to improve physical environments and build social connections that deter crime and violence. Yet few researchers have explored how community engagement in the greening process may affect crime and violence outcomes. We applied BST to test the effects of community-engaged vacant lot greening compared to vacant lots that received either professional mowing or no treatment, on the density of violent crime around study lots. Using mixed effects regression models, we analyzed trends in violent crime density over the summer months from 2016 to 2018 at 2102 street segments in Youngstown, OH. These street segments fell within 150 meters of an intervention parcel that was classified as one of three conditions: community-engaged maintenance, professional mowing, or no treatment (control). We found that street segments in areas receiving community-engaged maintenance or professional mowing experienced greater declines in violent crime density than street segments in areas receiving no treatment, and more decline occurred in the community-engaged condition compared to the professional mow condition. Our findings support BST and suggest that community-engaged greening of vacant lots in postindustrial cities with a concentrated vacancy can reduce crime and violence.     

细胞周期相关因子cdt1和geminin的平衡

cdt1和geminin是重要的细胞周期相关因子,参与细胞周期的调控cdt1与某些疾病的发生有着密切的关系,geminin是cdt1的抑制因子,他们间的平衡对DNA复制;;基因稳定以及细胞周期的调控起着重要的作用,并已经在一些感染性疾病和肿瘤中证实