共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 312 毫秒
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探讨回指距离、干扰词的精细描述、干扰词的典型性 对回指推理(先行词通达)的影响。包括2个实验,被试是华南师范大学一二年级本科生164名。采用移动窗口技术,要求被试阅读一定篇数(如,实验1a每个被试阅读15篇)的文章,对不同条件的探测词的反应时进行统计。实验1探讨干扰词精细描述类型(精细描述高和精细描述低)对回指推理的影响。结果表明,干扰的精细描述并非是影响回指推理的主要因素。实验2探讨干扰词和先行词的典型性类型的相对变化对回指推理的影响。结果表明高典型干扰在不同回指距离条件下都会对回指推理产生影响。本研究结果初步证明在影响回指推理的干扰典型性和干扰精细描述的二个因素中,起主要作用的是干扰的典型性 相似文献
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精细阐述与先行信息激活水平的动态变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
该研究运用窗口阅读及命名探测技术,对即时与延迟状态下合适与不合适背景信息的激活模式进行了探讨。被试阅读含有精细阐述错误信息的语篇,并对合适或不合适的探测词进行命名反应。结果发现,虽然即时条件下,受精细阐述的不合适探测词激活水平高于合适探测词,但当延迟时间为1500ms时,原有的激活模式发生了逆转。这种激活模式的变化主要是由于合适的背景信息随时程延长激活水平得到提升所致。 相似文献
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采用移动窗口技术和探测词再认技术,探讨文本阅读过程中长时记忆中目标信息的即时性通达。实验1探讨当原目标尚未实现,新目标处于活跃状态,进入长时记忆的未实现的原目标是否对当前阅读产生影响。实验2探讨当原目标已经实现,新目标处于活跃状态,进入长时记忆的已实现的原目标是否对当前阅读产生影响。本实验结果初步证明,在含有目标信息的文本阅读中,未实现的原目标信息和已实现的目标信息都处于活跃状态,一旦出现与原目标焦点有关的信息,就会被通达与当前的信息进行整合,只是已实现的目标信息比未实现的目标信息通达的程度低。 相似文献
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探讨回指距离、干扰词的精细描述、干扰词的典型性对回指推理的影响。包括2个实验,164名大学生被试。实验1探讨干扰词精细描述类型的影响。结果表明,干扰的精细描述并非是影响回指推理的主要因素。实验2探讨干扰词和先行词的典型性类型的相对变化的影响。结果表明高典型干扰在不同回指距离条件下都会对回指推理产生影响。从而表明高典型的干扰项干扰了回指推理发生。 相似文献
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语言回指现象是指一个语言单位从先前某个已表达的单位或意义中得出自身释义的过程或结果, 对回指问题的研究一直是认知科学的焦点问题之一。相关的ERP实验研究表明回指语言理解过程更为符合语言平行加工模型, 其不同的理解加工阶段中会受到句法、语义、语用、先行词词频、照应语不同形式等因素的作用和限制。未来研究应对Nref效应、回指加工各影响因素的交互作用、零形式照应语以及汉语回指问题进行深入地探讨。 相似文献
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本实验利用DMDX系统,通过命名任务来考察在篇章阅读中类别指称对象的可提取性。实验一的结果发现在立即条件下,上指示词所指对象与探测词一致时,更有利于探测词的激活;上指示词所指对象与探测词不一致时,压抑效应不明显。实验二的结果发现在延缓条件下,上指示词所指对象与探测词一致时,对探测词的激活优势并不明显;上指示词所指对象与探测词不一致时,对探测词的激活表现出了明显的抑制效应。 相似文献
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In two experiments, readers' use of spatial memory was examined by asking them to determine whether an individually shown probe word had appeared in a previously read sentence (Experiment 1) or had occupied a right or left sentence location (Experiment 2). Under these conditions, eye movements during the classification task were generally directed toward the right, irrespective of the location of the relevant target in the previously read sentence. In two additional experiments, readers' knowledge of prior sentence content was examined either without (Experiment 3) or with (Experiment 4) an explicit instruction to move the eyes to a target word in that sentence. Although regressions into the prior sentence were generally directed toward the target, they rarely reached it. In the absence of accurate spatial memories, readers reached previously read target words in two distinct steps--one that moved the eyes in the general vicinity of the target, and one that homed in on it. 相似文献
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A W Inhoff K Fleming 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》1989,15(2):339-351
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of text difficulty on cognitive capacity demands. In Experiment 1, subjects read easy and difficult text when a secondary task was either present or absent. Text was presented one word at a time, and rereading was prevented by erasing each word after it had been read. Prior studies have indicated that cognitive capacity demands decrease as text difficulty increases (e.g., Britton, Westbrook, & Holdredge, 1978). In contrast to this, the main results of Experiment 1 revealed shorter visual-probe-detection times during the reading of easy text than during the reading of difficult text. Analyses of word-reading times showed that difficult text was read slower than easy text, irrespective of probe application. Experiment 2 compared visual-probe detection with auditory-probe detection. The results again showed shorter probe reaction times during the reading of easy text than during the reading of difficult text, irrespective of probe type. There were, however, effects of probe type on the reading time of words following the visual probe. The results were taken as evidence that the reading of difficult text requires more capacity than the reading of easy text and that probes may incur modality-specific and modality-independent capacity demands. 相似文献
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Repetition priming of masked word identification is reduced when initial exposure to target words is in a text rather than in a word list. We demonstrate that there is nothing special about the text context that reduces priming. In Experiment 1, target words read in normal text or in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) text--either coherent or scrambled--produced similarly reduced priming, relative to the same words read aloud in a list. In Experiment 2, the delay was decreased between study and test for words presented in text, but they still displayed less priming than did words presented in a study list and tested after an equivalent delay. In Experiment 3, presenting study list words in RSVP to prevent reading each word aloud diminished priming to the same level as that in the text context. We conclude that presenting a target in context prevents it from being encoded and responded to as distinctively as when presented in isolation. 相似文献
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Bai X Yan G Liversedge SP Zang C Rayner K 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2008,34(5):1277-1287
Native Chinese readers' eye movements were monitored as they read text that did or did not demark word boundary information. In Experiment 1, sentences had 4 types of spacing: normal unspaced text, text with spaces between words, text with spaces between characters that yielded nonwords, and finally text with spaces between every character. The authors investigated whether the introduction of spaces into unspaced Chinese text facilitates reading and whether the word or, alternatively, the character is a unit of information that is of primary importance in Chinese reading. Global and local measures indicated that sentences with unfamiliar word spaced format were as easy to read as visually familiar unspaced text. Nonword spacing and a space between every character produced longer reading times. In Experiment 2, highlighting was used to create analogous conditions: normal Chinese text, highlighting that marked words, highlighting that yielded nonwords, and highlighting that marked each character. The data from both experiments clearly indicated that words, and not individual characters, are the unit of primary importance in Chinese reading. 相似文献
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This research investigates the hemispheric processing of anaphors when readers activate multiple antecedents. Participants read texts promoting an anaphoric inference and performed a lexical decision task to inference-related target words that were consistent (Experiment 1) or inconsistent (Experiment 2) with the text. These targets were preceded by constrained or less constraining text and were presented to participants' right visual field-left hemisphere or to their left visual field-right hemisphere. In Experiment 1, both hemispheres showed facilitation for consistent antecedents and the right hemisphere showed an advantage over the left hemisphere in processing antecedents when preceded by less constrained text. In Experiment 2, the left hemisphere only showed negative facilitation for inconsistent antecedents. When readers comprehend text with multiple antecedents: both hemispheres process consistent information, the left hemisphere inhibits inconsistent information, and the right hemisphere processes less constrained information. 相似文献
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The present study investigated event-related potential (ERP) effects of pronoun and proper name anaphors in both parallel and nonparallel discourse structures. Thirty-seven students processed 400 semantically different text passages. Each trial consisted of two sentences and a comprehension question. The first sentence introduced a protagonist who was referred to by an anaphoric word in the second sentence. The anaphoric word was either a pronoun or a repetition of the proper name of the protagonist and had either the same or a different syntactic role as its antecedent (subject or object). The sentences were presented word by word as rapid serial visual display. Event-related potentials were recorded from 61 scalp electrodes. In agreement with the parallel function strategy, nonparallel discourse structures required longer decision times and exhibited higher error rates than parallel structures. The ERPs revealed two effects: First, pronoun anaphors evoked a more pronounced negativity than proper name anaphors between 270 and 420 ms latency over the frontal cortex electrodes. Another relative negativity occurred between 510 and 600 ms over the parietal cortex electrodes. Second, anaphors in nonparallel positions were accompanied by a more pronounced negativity over the parietal cortex. These data support the idea that an anaphor in nonparallel position triggers extra processing steps, probably search processes in working memory which integrate currently encountered information with previously activated representations. 相似文献