大学生压力和睡眠质量：反刍思维和心理韧性的链式中介作用

采用大学生压力量表、反刍思维量表、青少年心理韧性量表和匹兹堡睡眠指数量表调查684位大学生(被试平均年龄为20.26岁;SD = 1.08),探讨反刍思维和心理韧性在压力和睡眠质量之间的链式中介作用。结果表明：(1)压力对睡眠质量有显著的负向预测作用;(2)压力可通过反刍思维和心理韧性的独立中介作用及反刍思维和心理韧性的链式中介作用间接预测睡眠质量。本研究揭示了压力和睡眠质量的关系及作用机制,深化了大学生压力对睡眠质量影响的研究。     

儿童期虐待与成年后孤独感的关系:反刍思维与核心自我评价的中介作用

为考察儿童期虐待对成年后孤独感的影响机制,本研究基于反应风格理论和依恋理论,使用问卷随机调查了811名大学生。结果显示:(1)反刍思维在儿童期虐待与孤独感之间有显著中介作用;(2)核心自我评价在儿童期虐待对孤独感的影响中起显著中介作用;(3)核心自我评价与反刍思维在儿童期虐待与孤独感之间起显著连续中介作用。本研究的结果有助于揭示儿童期虐待对孤独感的影响机制,对抑制儿童期虐待的消极后果具有重要的启示意义。     

青少年独处偏好与内化行为问题的关系：一个有调节的中介模型

为探讨青少年独处偏好与内化行为问题的关系及反刍思维和学段在其中的作用,本研究构建了一个有调节的中介模型。采用自我报告方式对山东和上海地区三所学校的6年级至11年级共767名青少年进行测查。结果显示：(1)独处偏好可以正向预测内化行为问题;(2)反刍思维在独处偏好与内化行为问题之间起部分中介作用;(3)学段调节了独处偏好通过反刍思维影响内化行为问题中介作用的前半路径。相对于高中生,独处偏好更容易通过初中生的反刍思维影响内化行为问题。研究结果不仅可以从反刍思维与年龄关系的角度为独处偏好个体的内化行为问题提供解释,而且对改变个体认知和提高其适应能力具有实践启示意义。     

自我控制在身体活动与大学生睡眠质量间的中介作用：来自日志法的证据

本研究探讨了自我控制在身体活动对大学生睡眠质量影响中的中介机制。采用日志法，调查了156名大学生连续七天的白天身体活动情况、晚上自我控制水平和夜间睡眠质量。研究发现：（1）多水平中介分析表明，每天的身体活动无法预测当晚的自我控制水平和睡眠质量，当晚的自我控制水平可以积极预测当夜的睡眠质量；（2）整体的身体活动与自我控制和睡眠质量均有显著正相关，自我控制在身体活动与睡眠质量间起部分中介作用。     

手机成瘾与青少年睡眠质量:中介与调节作用分析

为探讨手机成瘾对青少年睡眠质量的影响及其作用机制,采用问卷法对1258名青少年进行调查。结果表明:(1)手机成瘾不仅对青少年睡眠质量有显著的直接预测作用,还能通过情绪平衡的中介作用间接预测睡眠质量;(2)手机成瘾对青少年睡眠质量的直接作用以及情绪平衡的中介作用都受到反刍的调节,相对于反刍水平低的个体,直接效应和间接效应都在反刍水平高的个体中更强;(3)手机成瘾对青少年睡眠质量的直接作用以及情绪平衡的中介作用还都受到正念的调节,相对于正念水平低的个体,直接效应和间接效应都在正念水平高的个体中更弱。本研究结果有利于揭示手机成瘾是如何影响青少年睡眠质量的,以及手机成瘾在何种条件下对青少年睡眠质量的影响更强/更弱,对移动互联网时代维护与促进青少年身心健康有一定启示意义。     

反刍思维对大学生社交焦虑的影响:孤独感的中介作用

为研究孤独感在反刍思维与大学生社交焦虑间的中介作用。研究选取617名大学生为研究对象,采用反刍思维量表、孤独感量表和社会交往焦虑量表对被试进行测量。结果表明:(1)反刍思维和孤独感分别可以显著正向预测社交焦虑;(2)反刍思维可以正向预测孤独感;(3)孤独感在反刍思维与大学生社交焦虑间起中介作用。结论:反刍思维可以直接影响社交焦虑,也可以通过孤独感间接影响社交焦虑。     

反刍思维在老年慢性病患者的失眠与社交抑制之间的中介作用

本研究采用D型行为量表、匹兹堡睡眠指数量表、反刍思维量表对203名符合调查纳入标准的社区老年慢性病患者的社交抑制水平、失眠程度和反刍思维倾向进行测评,运用线性回归分析检验中介效应,探究老年慢性病患者社交抑制的相关心理因素和作用机制。结果显示失眠、反刍思维和社交抑制互相呈正相关。社交抑制受失眠严重程度的影响,反刍思维在失眠对社交抑制的影响中起到完全中介的作用。研究提示老年慢性病患者的心理健康促进要注重针对反刍思维的干预。     

自我同情对大学生拖延行为的影响：经验回避和羞耻的链式中介作用

为探讨自我同情对拖延的影响及其作用机制,采用自我同情量表、大学生拖延量表、大学生羞耻量表和接纳与行动量表对795名大学生进行调查,结果发现：(1)自我同情对大学生拖延行为具有负向预测作用;(2)羞耻在自我同情与大学生拖延行为的负向效应中起到中介作用;(3)经验回避、羞耻在自我同情和大学生拖延行为之间起链式中介作用。     

被动性社交网站使用与社交焦虑：反刍思维和自我建构的作用

尽管被动性社交网站使用已经被证实为增强社交焦虑的重要风险因子,然而对其中介和调节机制依然知之甚少。当前研究旨在探索被动性社交网站使用、反刍思维、社交焦虑和自我建构的关系。614名大学生自愿参与了当前研究,并完成了一份包含被动性社交网站使用、反刍思维、社交焦虑和自我建构问卷的测验。结果表明被动性社交网站使用正向预测社交焦虑,而反刍思维完全中介了两者间的联系。调节分析表明自我建构调节了被动性社交网站使用对反刍思维的影响。条件间接效应分析进一步表明反刍思维的完全中介作用仅存在于依存型个体中。当前研究有助于加深对被动性社交网站使用如何影响个体社交焦虑的理解。     

领悟社会支持对社交焦虑的影响:反刍思维的中介作用和社会阻抑的调节作用

本研究旨在探索领悟社会支持对社交焦虑的影响,深入探讨社会阻抑和反刍思维对该影响的作用。方法:采用问卷法,以471名职员为被试进行调查,数据结果分析采用Bootstrap分析方法。结果显示:(1)反刍思维在领悟社会支持和社交焦虑之间起中介作用。领悟社会支持通过降低反刍思维的水平,减轻社交焦虑。(2)社会阻抑调节领悟社会支持→反刍思维→社交焦虑中介模型的前半路径,社会阻抑改变了领悟社会支持对反刍思维作用的大小。     

睡眠拖延行为背后的心理生理机制解析

摘 要 睡眠拖延行为是健康行为拖延领域提出的一个新概念，其可概括为在没有外部原因阻碍的情况下，仍无法在预定时间上床睡觉的现象。目前的研究认为睡眠拖延行为是导致普通人群睡眠不足的重要原因，睡前日常活动及沉浸式活动常常诱导其发生，探讨其背后机制主要涉及自我调节和生物节律两大因素。利用时限性自我调节理论可尝试解析睡眠拖延行为的发生过程。未来研究可从其神经机制探讨及预防和干预措施等方面尝试展开。     

Too exhausted to go to bed: Implicit theories about willpower and stress predict bedtime procrastination

While most people are aware of the importance of sleep for their health, well-being, and performance, bedtime procrastination is a pervasive phenomenon that can be conceptualized as a case of self-control failure (Kroese et al., Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 2014, 1). Two daily diary studies (N₁ = 185, N₂ = 137) investigated beliefs about willpower and stress as interactive predictors of bedtime procrastination. Beliefs about willpower capture whether people think of their willpower as limited resource that gets easily depleted (limited theory) or as something that remains regardless of previous acts of self-control (non-limited theory). Results show that after a stressful day, people with a limited versus non-limited theory procrastinate more on going to bed, while there is no difference in bedtime procrastination on less stressful days. Thus, ironically, limited theorists who should be more concerned with recovering their resources after a stressful day sleep less the following night.     

Self-control depletion and sleep duration: the mediating role of television viewing

Abstract

Objective: Sleep insufficiency has been related to self-control failure: people fail to go to bed in time and end up sleep deprived. The role of state self-control in predicting bedtime and sleep duration has not yet been investigated. Based on research claiming an overlap between depleted self-control resources and fatigue, self-control depletion may foster earlier bedtimes. Conversely, self-control depletion also increases the propensity to procrastinate bedtime by giving in to the immediate gratification of late night entertainment. This study therefore looked at procrastinatory television viewing and its intermediary role in the association between state self-control and bedtime. The implications for sleep duration are examined. Design: Firstyear students (N = 234) participated in an online survey. Using Day Reconstruction Method, they charted their activities and experiences during the preceding day and subsequent bedtime behavior. Results: Self-control depletion was directly related to earlier bedtimes, which we explained by its similarity to fatigue. This was associated with longer sleep duration. Self-control depletion was indirectly related to later bedtimes because it increased the propensity to procrastinate by watching television. This was associated with shorter sleep duration. Conclusion: This study exposes a dual pathway between self-control depletion and sleep duration, whereby procrastinatory television viewing may reduce sleep duration.     

Anxiety,Depression, and Procrastination Among Students: Rumination Plays a Larger Mediating Role than Worry

Procrastination is prevalent among students and is associated with negative outcomes, including poor academic performance and psychological distress. Research also suggests that anxiety and depression can exacerbate procrastination; however, the mechanisms associated with the development of procrastination are less understood. The current study aimed to clarify the role of negative repetitive thought (i.e., rumination and worry) in the links between anxiety and procrastination, and depression and procrastination. Ninety-one undergraduate students completed self-report measures of anxiety, depression, worry, brooding rumination, and procrastination, and two multiple mediator models were tested. Procrastination was positively correlated with the study variables, including medium effects for anxiety and depression, a large effect for rumination, and a small effect for worry. Rumination independently mediated the relationships between anxiety and procrastination, and depression and procrastination. Worry did not independently mediate these relationships. The current findings suggest rumination plays a larger role in the links between anxiety, depression, and procrastination than worry. Thus, students with higher levels of anxiety and depression engage in more negative repetitive thought, which may contribute to procrastinatory behavior as a result of a preoccupation with depressing or painful thoughts about the past.     

网络教学情境下正念对学业拖延的影响：心理韧性和自我控制的链式中介作用

本研究以157名大学生为对象,选用正念五因素量表、心理韧性量表、自我控制量表和Aitken拖延量表,探索在网络教学情境下正念对学业拖延的作用机制。结果表明：正念能够直接对网络教学情境下的大学生学业拖延产生影响,也能够通过心理韧性和自我控制的链式中介作用对大学生学业拖延产生影响。研究结论为发挥正念的作用,改善网络教学情境下的学业拖延提供了参考。     

Understanding impulsive aggression: Angry rumination and reduced self-control capacity are mechanisms underlying the provocation-aggression relationship

Interpersonal provocation is a common and robust antecedent to aggression. Four studies identified angry rumination and reduced self-control as mechanisms underlying the provocation-aggression relationship. Following provocation, participants demonstrated decreased self-control on an unpleasant task relative to a control condition (Study 1). When provoked, rumination reduced self-control and increased aggression. This effect was mediated by reduced self-control capacity (Study 2). State rumination following provocation, but not anger per se, mediated the effect of trait rumination on aggression (Study 3). Bolstering self-regulatory resources by consuming a glucose beverage improved performance on a measure of inhibitory control following rumination (Study 4). These findings suggest that rumination following an anger-inducing provocation reduces self-control and increases aggression. Bolstering self-regulatory resources may reduce this adverse effect.     

Neural basis responsible for self-control association with procrastination: Right MFC and bilateral OFC functional connectivity with left dlPFC

Converging theory and evidence highlights procrastination as a form of self-control failure. However, the underlying neural correlates of how self-control is associated with procrastination remains unclear. As such we investigated the neural basis for self-control association with procrastination using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity (FC) approaches. The VBM results showed a positive correlation between self-control and the gray matter volume of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Then the FC of left dlPFC to lateral orbital frontal cortex (lOFC) and right dorsal medial frontal cortex (dMFC) were all negatively correlated to procrastination and showed a mediating effect. This indicates that brain functional communication involves in emotion regulation and valuation processing may account for the association between self-control and procrastination.     

Anger rumination partly accounts for the association between trait self-control and aggression

Higher trait self-control is related to less aggression, but the psychological processes underlying this association are largely unknown. This research tested the hypothesis that reduced anger rumination in high self-control individuals may partly account for this association. In seven cross-sectional, longitudinal and daily diary studies (total N = 2689) people high in trait self-control reported less aggression of different types and this relation was partially mediated by less rumination about anger-evoking events. An internal meta-analysis estimated this indirect effect to be of medium size. These findings suggest that a lower propensity to engage in anger rumination may be a crucial working process partly explaining how high trait self-control translates into less aggression. Overcoming anger rumination is a promising avenue to reduce aggression.     

Can self-compassion improve sleep quality via reduced rumination?

ABSTRACT

Poor sleep quality is highly prevalent in modern societies and can be associated with a multitude of problems for individuals and organizations, and also for society at large. Thus, there is a demand for efficient treatments. We suggest that short self-compassion interventions will improve sleep quality via reducing ruminative thoughts, a key variable associated with poor sleep quality. We ran three studies to test this hypothesis. In Study 1 (correlational data), a positive relationship between self-compassion and sleep quality emerged in students’ self-reports. This effect was mediated by rumination. In Study 2, students in two different self-compassion intervention conditions reported higher sleep quality compared to a control condition. Again, rumination mediated this effect. In Study 3, patients with major depressive disorder reported a significant increase in sleep quality and a significant decrease of ruminative thoughts after one week in a daily self-compassion intervention (compared to patients in a control condition). Limitations and implications for future research, such as the need of placebo control groups, objective sleep quality measures, and person–intervention fit designs are discussed.