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不良的亲子依恋是导致儿童抑郁症状的风险因素,但其对儿童的影响会因儿童对环境的生物敏感性不同而存在差异。为探究家庭中母子、父子依恋对儿童抑郁症状的影响及儿童生物敏感性(本文中采用迷走神经抑制作为指标)在其中的作用,本研究结合行为任务、问卷报告、生理测量等多种研究手段,招募150名学龄儿童(平均年龄8.64岁,63名女孩)参与研究。结果表明:(1)学龄儿童的母子依恋水平高于父子依恋水平。(2)高水平的母子依恋与父子依恋会同等程度地降低儿童的抑郁症状。(3)儿童对环境的生物敏感性对母子依恋影响儿童抑郁症状路径的调节作用显著,生理上对环境更敏感(高迷走神经抑制)的儿童更易得益于高母子依恋,表现出较低的抑郁水平;但同时,这类儿童在母子依恋较低时也更易表现出较高的抑郁水平。(4)儿童的生物敏感性对父子依恋影响儿童抑郁症状路径的调节作用不显著,高父子依恋对生物敏感性水平不同的儿童均存在有利影响。(5)在不同情境中测量的迷走神经抑制对亲子依恋影响儿童抑郁症状的调节作用模式相似,表现出跨情境一致的特点。本研究率先揭示儿童迷走神经抑制与亲子依恋对儿童抑郁症状的联合作用机制及父母角色差异。 相似文献
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对393名高中生进行10个月的纵向追踪,采用问卷法考察青少年智能手机问题性使用与焦虑之间的关系。结果发现:青少年智能手机问题性使用与焦虑水平随着时间推移有增加的趋势;青少年智能手机问题性使用与焦虑显著正相关;前测焦虑水平能够显著预测后测智能手机问题性使用程度,而前测智能手机问题性使用程度不能显著预测后测焦虑水平,且这一预测关系存在性别差异。 相似文献
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为探讨大学生错失焦虑与被动性社交网站使用间的准因果关系,采用错失焦虑量表和被动性社交网站使用量表对403名大学生进行间隔8个月的两阶段追踪调查。结果发现:(1)错失焦虑和被动性社交网站使用的自回归路径系数显著,存在风险累积效应。(2)错失焦虑与被动性社交网站使用在8个月内能够互相预测,存在强化螺旋效应。(3)错失焦虑与被动性社交网站使用的交叉滞后效应性别差异不显著,存在跨性别趋同效应。结果支持了强化螺旋模型,表明错失焦虑与大学生被动性社交网站使用能够交互影响。 相似文献
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为检验亲隔代协同教养家庭中亲子依恋和祖孙依恋质量的一致与不一致对儿童主观幸福感(包括生活满意度、积极情感和消极情感)的影响,本研究采用亲子依恋和祖孙依恋问卷、主观幸福感量表对178个亲隔代协同教养家庭的儿童进行调查,响应面分析发现:(1)拥有一致高质量亲子依恋和祖孙依恋关系的儿童主观幸福感水平更高;(2)亲子依恋与祖孙依恋质量不一致时,亲子依恋质量高于祖孙依恋质量的儿童生活满意度更高,且高质量亲子依恋或祖孙依恋均能提升儿童积极情感。本研究加深了多重依恋对儿童发展的理解,也提示在亲隔代协同教养家庭中可以从依恋入手促进儿童心理健康的发展。 相似文献
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儿童的两种亲密人际关系:亲子依恋与友谊 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
以城市三所普通小学四、五、六年级的505名学生为被试,用问卷调查、团体施测的方式,探讨儿童亲子依恋与其友谊的关系,结果发现:在儿童友谊质量方面,父、母均有影响,在友谊的数量,如好朋友提名分方面母亲的作用也是显见的;亲子依恋特质的两成分(信赖、亲近)对儿童友谊质量的积极特征和冲突水平有相对不同预测力。 相似文献
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本研究探究了学龄前留守儿童亲子依恋、祖孙依恋与执行功能之间的关系,并进一步分析了祖孙依恋的调节作用和中介作用。对155名南昌市农村地区的学龄前留守儿童及其父母亲和(外)祖父母进行研究,研究工具包括亲子依恋量表(Waters Attachment Q-sort Items)和执行功能任务组。结果表明:(1)学龄前留守儿童亲子依恋与祖孙依恋、执行功能子成分抑制控制呈显著正相关,祖孙依恋与执行功能子成分抑制控制和认知灵活性呈显著正相关;(2)祖孙依恋在亲子依恋对学龄前留守儿童执行功能子成分抑制控制的影响之间存在调节效应;(3)祖孙依恋在亲子依恋对学龄前留守儿童执行功能子成分抑制控制和认知灵活性的影响之间存在中介效应。结论是可通过改善亲子依恋和祖孙依恋的质量来促进儿童执行功能的发展。 相似文献
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Abstract— In our reply to M. H. van IJzendoorn and M. J. Bakermans-Kranenburg (this issue) and R. A. Thompson (this issue) , we highlight 2 challenges that attachment researchers face today: (a) closing the gap between the developmental and social psychological traditions and (b) connecting attachment theory to the broader field of evolutionary psychology. We contend that an evolutionary life history approach can contribute to both goals and argue that attachment researchers should consider moving beyond some of Bowlby’s original formulations in order to permit further advancement of the field. Finally, we review van IJzendoorn and Bakermans-Kranenburg’s criticism of the hypothesis that sex differences in attachment arise in middle childhood; we conclude that the claim that the hypothesis has been falsified is premature and that more research is necessary, thereby making our evolutionary-inspired view potentially useful for the time being. 相似文献
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Abstract— J. Bowlby’s (1969/1982) theory of attachment, focused as it was on the survival function of attachment behaviors that the ethology of the time emphasized, led to the expectation that there would be no sex differences in patterns of attachment. Modern evolutionary thinking, however, building on insights of life history theory, parental investment theory, and sexual selection, yields an alternative prediction—that adaptive sex differences in attachment should emerge in middle childhood and be present in adults, consistent with sexual differentiation of reproductive strategies. This article reviews the theoretical basis of this expectation, including the recent proposal that a hormonally driven reorganization of attachment occurs at the beginning of middle childhood. Available data and various methodological issues involved in empirically testing the proposed model are discussed. It argues that life history theory offers a powerful organizing principle for understanding the emergence of individual differences, providing developmental researchers with exciting opportunities for empirical discovery and theoretical synthesis. 相似文献
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Although research on young children's abilities to organize emotional states has increased in recent years, little is known about the emergence of complex strategies for emotion regulation in preschoolers. In the present study, emotion-regulation strategies used by 52 normally developing 3- and 4-year-olds were examined. Children and their primary caregivers (50 mothers, 2 fathers) participated in 2 controlled frustration episodes that were videotaped. Four types of strategies were coded: comforting behaviors, instrumental behaviors, distraction behaviors, and cognitive reappraisals. Results indicated that 3-year-olds used proportionately more instrumental strategies than 4-year-olds, and parents of 3-year-olds showed the same pattern, whereas parents of 4-year-olds did not. Moreover, 3-year-olds used a variety of strategies when frustrated, including cognitive reappraisals. Significant positive correlations were found between the types of strategies used by the children and by the parents to help their children. It is suggested that children may be using strategies to organize their emotional states before they are able to accurately report on them. 相似文献
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Children's development is assumed to be closely related to their attachment security and their personality. The authors’ aim was to examine the joint contribution of attachment security and personality traits to children's adjustment by examining diverse children's outcomes (emotional symptoms, social functioning, and behavioral problems) and using various perspectives (children, parents, and teachers). The sample comprised 247 8–12-year-old children from low socioeconomic status neighborhoods. Personality and attachment contribute to the different domains of adjustment. In cases of moderation, attachment security moderates the implications of personality traits on children's adjustment. The findings highlight the contribution of positive personality tendencies in playing down the difficulties of insecurely attached children. 相似文献
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基于家庭系统视角考察父母心理控制与童年中期儿童问题行为的纵向关系以及亲子依恋在其中的中介作用。结果表明,父亲和母亲心理控制均能正向预测儿童内外化问题,父亲心理控制对外化问题的预测作用更大,母亲心理控制对内化问题的预测作用更大;父子依恋和母子依恋在父母心理控制与儿童问题行为间起中介作用;母子依恋在男生和女生群体中都发挥着中介效应,而父子依恋只中介了父母心理控制与男生问题行为的关系。这一发现提示,未来的家庭教育应关注父亲和母亲教养对不同性别儿童发展的不同作用。 相似文献
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This study examined the association between insecure attachment, behavioral inhibition, and anxiety in an at risk sample of preschool children. The relationship between maternal anxiety and child anxiety was also assessed. Participants were 104 children aged 3–4 years who were assessed for behavioral inhibition and mother–child attachment (using the Strange Situation procedure). DSM-IV criteria were used to assess childhood anxiety disorders. Insecure attachment and behavioral inhibition were both independently associated with child anxiety, even after controlling for the effect of maternal anxiety. Maternal anxiety was also associated with child anxiety. This study identified both constitutional and environmental factors associated with the expression of anxiety in young children. Furthermore, the highest levels of anxiety were shown by children who were behaviorally inhibited and insecurely attached and whose mothers were also anxious. 相似文献
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以3353名初一、初二、高一、高二年级学生为被试,探讨了青少年消极情感的特点,并进一步检验了不同依恋类型对青少年消极情感的独特效应、同伴依恋在亲子依恋与消极情感中的中介作用以及二者对消极情感的交互作用。结果发现:1)青少年的消极情感水平总体上呈现从初一到高二逐渐上升的趋势,且女生得分显著高于男生;2)同伴与父子依恋对消极情感的独特效应显著,但母子依恋的独特效应不显著,且同伴依恋在消极情感中的独特效应显著高于父子与母子依恋;3)同伴依恋部分中介父子依恋与消极情感、完全中介母子依恋与消极情感的联系,同时,父子与母子依恋又调节同伴依恋对消极情感的影响,表现为同伴依恋对消极情感的预测在高亲子依恋个体中更显著。因而,依恋对消极情感的作用机制中,间接效应模型与交互作用模型同时成立,是有调节的中介效应。 相似文献
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Priscilla K. Coleman 《Infant and child development》2003,12(4):351-368
Relationships among attachment to each parent, children's social self‐efficacy, and the quality of peer relations (attachment to peers and perceptions of victimization) were explored with 67 fifth and sixth graders (31 female) attending a rural elementary school. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed main effects for gender and attachment to mother relative to the attachment to peers variable, with girls and more securely attached children reporting higher quality attachment to peers. Main effects were also detected for gender and attachment to father relative to social self‐efficacy, with girls and more securely attached children exhibiting higher self‐efficacy. No main effects were observed relative to the peer victimization variable. None of the interaction effects involving gender and attachment to each parent relative to attachment to peers, peer victimization, and social self‐efficacy were significant. Finally, evidence for mediation of attachment to father on attachment to peers by children's social self‐efficacy was revealed. Implications of the results are discussed and ideas for future research are provided. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Sylvia K. Harmon-Jones Rick Richardson 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2022,113(2):455-478
Here, we examined retrospective reports of adults’ earliest autobiographical memory, the age of this report and whether the reported age was associated with exposure to early life adversity, current anxiety and childhood attachment. Across four studies, we found that reporting a later ‘earliest’ memory was associated with higher self-reported anxiety in both American (Studies 1, 2 and 4) and Australian (Study 3) samples. Furthermore, in Studies 2–4, we found that reporting a later earliest memory uniquely predicted anxiety when controlling for number of adverse childhood events (a risk factor for the development of anxiety). In Study 4, we established that this relation is partially mediated by childhood anxious attachment. Although we consistently demonstrated that later earliest memories were associated with current anxiety, we found little evidence for a relation between reported age at the time of earliest memory and childhood adversity. We also found no evidence of gender differences in the associations of interest. These results suggest that poorer memory of early childhood is associated with greater childhood anxious attachment and anxiety in adulthood. The implications of this work are discussed in terms of the adaptive nature of autobiographical memory and the development of a coherent life narrative. 相似文献