考试应付与相关因素的研究

本研究运用测量的方法考察了 1 0 0个大学生考试前后的应付方式以及人格、社会支持等因素对应付方式选择的影响作用。结果发现 ,考试应付与情景变化、人格特点和社会支持等因素有关。其中自尊、外向和低精神质人格特点与解决问题指向应付方式使用相关 ,低掩饰性与悲观人格特点与幻想、发泄、否认的消极应付方式使用相关。社会支持在应付中是一种重要的辅助资源 ,缺乏社会支持资源 ,考试过程中倾向于使用自闭的消极应付方式 ,社会支持资源丰富 ,则倾向于使用寻求社会支持的积极应付方式。     

男性犯罪者人格对人身危险性的影响:有中介的调节模型

以463名男性犯罪者为调查对象,在控制人口学变量后,探讨人格、成熟应付方式、社会支持与人身危险性的关系。结果表明:(1)年龄、文化程度、婚姻和犯罪次数是人身危险性的重要预测变量。(2)人格可以显著预测人身危险性。(3)社会支持调节人格与人身危险性之间的关系。(4)这种调节作用以成熟应付方式为中介变量,其中通过中介变量起作用的调节效应占总调节效应的29.4%。因此,人格对男性犯罪者人身危险性的影响是有中介的调节效应。     

社会支持、应付方式对离退休人员心理健康的调节作用研究

本文对374名离退休人员进行了问卷研究,结果表明：(1)离退休人员的社会支持情况受文化程度和性别影响,高文化程度和低文化程度的离退休人员相比,前者所获得的客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度更多;男性离退休人员比女性获得的更多客观支持;(2)离退休人员的应付方式受文化程度影响,高文化程度的离退休人员与低、中文化程度的离退休人员相比,前者更多采用面对与探索应付方式,后者则更多采用幻想和退避应付方式;(3)社会支持、应付方式对离退休人员的心理健康有调节作用,社会支持总分及应付方式中的探索、淡化对心理健康起积极作用,而幻想和退避对心理健康起消极作用。     

青少年心理应激模型的初步研究

为考察生活事件、社会支持、应对方式、自我评价、人格等影响青少年心理健康的诸因素之间及其与心理健康的关系,初步建构青少年心理应激的结构方程模型,采用ASLEC、CSQ、EPQ、PEI、SSRS、SCL-90对湖南省470名青少年进行问卷调查。结果表明：1）社会支持对自我评价、应对方式有显著的预测作用,并通过人格、自我评价与应对方式间接影响心理健康。2）人格对心理健康有显著的直接效应,并通过应对方式间接影响心理健康。3）自我评价和应对方式是生活事件—心理健康的内部中介过程。     

震区中学教师应付方式、主观幸福感及其关系研究

目的:考察地震灾区中学教师应付方式、主观幸福感的现状和影响因素。方法:对四川灾区的365名中学教师使用应付方式问卷和总体幸福感量表进行调查。结果:灾区中学教师应付方式和主观幸福感在性别、学校类型、学校所在地以及受灾程度上有不同程度的显著性差异。结论:灾区中学教师的应付方式和主观幸福感受地震、性别角色、灾后社会支持、经济条件等方面的影响。     

负性生活事件、社会支持和创伤后应激障碍症状：对汶川地震后青少年的追踪研究

创伤后应激障碍是灾难后常见的心理病理问题, 灾后继发负性生活事件和社会支持是影响创伤后应激障碍症状的重要因素。该研究采用追踪设计, 历时2年对汶川地震后都江堰地区1573名青少年进行3次测查, 考察震后继发负性生活事件、不同类型社会支持与创伤后应激障碍症状之间的相互作用关系。研究发现：不同类型的社会支持与震后继发负性生活事件、创伤后应激障碍症状存在不同的作用关系; 震后继发负性生活事件不仅直接影响个体的心理健康还对个体的社会支持系统有损害; 震后负性生活事件、主观支持与创伤后应激障碍症状存在联动效应, 即三者中任一方面的变化都可能引起其他方面的变化。     

抑郁对癌症患者生活质量的影响、社会支持、应对方式的相关性研究

了解抑郁对癌症患者生活质量的影响,探讨抑郁与社会支持、应对方式的相关性。对238例癌症患者分别用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、应付方式评定量表（YFFS）、社会支持问卷（ISSI）、生活质量问卷（QLQ-C30）进行测评。癌症抑郁组患者的生活质量、社会支持低于非抑郁组,更多使用自责、退避等消极应对方式;抑郁与癌症患者生活质量高度相关,抑郁与社会支持、应对方式显著相关。帮助患者提高社会支持,采用积极的应对方式,有利于减轻癌症抑郁反应,提高生活质量。     

客家人与北京人精神健康及相关因素的比较研究

本研究使用问卷对１５８名北京和客家人进行精神健康、应付方式、社会支持方面的调查,发现两地人在上述在方面均无显著差异,但却了现精神健康与应付方式、社会支持不同的相关模式：北京人采取的消极的应付方式与其精神症状有显著相关,主观支持与其解决心理问题有关;客家人采取的消极应付方式则与其精神症状关系不大,且客观支持与其解决心理问题有关．     

创伤后成长:概念、影响因素、与心理健康的关系

创伤后成长是指在与生活中具有创伤性质的事件或情境进行抗争后体验到的心理方面的正性变化。许多因素,包括人口统计学、创伤事件的特征、人格与认知、社会支持与应对方式等都对创伤后成长有影响。创伤后成长与心理健康的关系未有一致的结论,两者间关系的不一致有四种可能的解释。未来研究应注意创伤后成长与相关概念的区别,探寻确证成长有效性的新证据和新方法。     

支气管哮喘伴发抑郁与人格、应对和社会支持的关系分析

研究分析支气管哮喘伴发抑郁与人格、应对和社会支持的关系。对216例支气管哮喘患者应用自评抑郁量表、大五人格量表、特质应对方式问卷和社会支持评定量表进行调查,对收集到的数据进行Pearson相关分析、多元逐步回归分析和路径分析。结果显示49．1％的支气管哮喘患者存在不同程度的抑郁情绪;哮喘患者的抑郁程度、人格、应对方式和社会支持之间存在着不同程度的显著相关;人格、应对和社会支持都是影响支气管哮喘伴发抑郁的影响因素,人格的神经质是其重要的预测因素,它除了能直接影响哮喘患者的抑郁程度,还能通过社会支持和应对方式对其起间接的作用。研究提示人格的神经质、公正严谨性和消极应对方式是支气管哮喘伴发抑郁的直接的预测因素。     

Health of women: associations among life events, social support, and personality for selected patient groups

This study examined the effects of life events, social support, personality traits, and siblings' birth-order on the health of women. 199 middle-class participants were included. 95 women, randomly assigned from four different patient groups, were compared with a control group of 96 randomly selected women without any special health problems. They completed a questionnaire which included questions regarding family background, health, different life events, social support, and signs of disease and a projective test, the Sivik Psychosomatism Test. Analysis indicated that report of negative life events was associated with more physical symptoms than positive life events and that the patient groups reported more negative life events and less social support than the control group.     

大学生网络成瘾与幸福感关系研究

研究探讨了网络成瘾与大学生幸福感之间的关系。通过结构方程模型分析表明,生活事件、消极应对方式和社会支持直接或间接地影响着大学生网络成瘾者的幸福感。生活事件、消极应对方式降低其幸福感。社会支持提高了大学生网络成瘾者的幸福感。     

情绪性人格对青少年创伤后成长的影响：应对方式的中介作用和社会支持的调节作用

汶川地震两年后,采用小五人格问卷、应对方式问卷、社会支持问卷和创伤后成长问卷对497名中学生进行调查,探讨青少年创伤后成长与情绪性人格、应对方式和社会支持的关系。结果显示：（1）青少年创伤后成长的年龄、性别差异不显著;青少年创伤后成长的三个维度之间存在显著差异：人际体验的改变分值最高,其次是自我觉知的改变,得分最低的为生命价值的改变;（2）积极应对方式在情绪性人格与创伤后成长之间起完全中介作用,消极应对方式则不发挥直接的中介作用;（3）情绪性人格与创伤后成长之间的中介效应受到社会支持的调节,低社会支持组的个体情绪性人格越高,越容易采取积极认知、寻求支持等积极的应对方式,从而产生更高的创伤后成长。     

Interrelationships of personality and coping in a challenging extreme situation

The relationship between personality characteristics, daily stressors, and means of coping were studied in a 12-person Soviet-American expedition ateamconsisting of Caucasian and Eskimo men and women. The members scored relatively high on scales measuring well-being, achievement orientation, and traditionalism and scored relatively low on stress reactivity. The use of social support as a coping mechanism was positively related to high stress reactivity, control, and negative emotionality and negatively related to well-being. Negative emotionality was related to ratings of daily intrapersonal stressor. Discussion centered on the function of social support in an extreme, task-focused situation and the relationship of social support coping in this particular type of situation to maladaptive personality characteristics.     

Type D personality,physical symptoms and subjective stress: The mediating effects of coping and social support

Coping style and social support may represent mechanisms to explain the relationship between Type D personality and ill-health. This study investigated whether Type D is associated with physical symptoms and perceived stress in a non-cardiac population, and if these relationships are mediated by coping and social support. In a cross-sectional study, 304 participants (110 males, mean age 22.1 years) completed measures of Type D, physical symptoms, coping, perceived stress and social support. Results showed that Type D, the interaction of negative affectivity and social inhibition (NA?×?SI), was positively correlated with physical symptoms, perceived stress, and avoidant coping, and negatively correlated with social support, problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. A series of bootstrapped multiple mediator tests showed that social support and avoidant coping fully mediated the relationship between Type D and physical symptoms. Furthermore, social support and emotion-focused coping partially mediated the relationship between Type D and perceived stress. These findings demonstrate for the first time that Type D personality is associated with physical symptoms in a non-cardiac population. Social support and coping style represent mechanisms that can, in part, explain the relationship between Type D and physical symptoms, and Type D and perceived stress.     

Type D personality, physical symptoms and subjective stress: the mediating effects of coping and social support

Coping style and social support may represent mechanisms to explain the relationship between Type D personality and ill-health. This study investigated whether Type D is associated with physical symptoms and perceived stress in a non-cardiac population, and if these relationships are mediated by coping and social support. In a cross-sectional study, 304 participants (110 males, mean age 22.1 years) completed measures of Type D, physical symptoms, coping, perceived stress and social support. Results showed that Type D, the interaction of negative affectivity and social inhibition (NA × SI), was positively correlated with physical symptoms, perceived stress, and avoidant coping, and negatively correlated with social support, problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. A series of bootstrapped multiple mediator tests showed that social support and avoidant coping fully mediated the relationship between Type D and physical symptoms. Furthermore, social support and emotion-focused coping partially mediated the relationship between Type D and perceived stress. These findings demonstrate for the first time that Type D personality is associated with physical symptoms in a non-cardiac population. Social support and coping style represent mechanisms that can, in part, explain the relationship between Type D and physical symptoms, and Type D and perceived stress.     

Repression and effective coping styles

This study investigated the relationship between repressive coping style as defined by Weinberger (1990)—low reported anxiety and high reported defensiveness—and several individual difference measures related to general coping styles. Twenty‐nine studies looking at cognitive, behavioural, and individual difference factors associated with repressive coping were tabulated and reviewed. In the current study 116 women and 32 men were administered a questionnaire including measures of personality, ways of coping, self‐monitoring, interpersonal influence, and locus of control to further explore the repressor coping style. Two measures, as opposed to the usual one, were used to categorize repressors: the use of anxiety and social desirability measures of Weinberger, Schwartz and Davidson (1979) and the Gudjonsson (1981) method using Neuroticism and Lie scales from the EPQ(R). Analysis of variance showed that repressors reported using more positive/healthy and less negative/unhealthy coping styles. The results did not change substantially when more extreme scoring groups were used. Factor analysis of the scales revealed six clear factors relating to ways of coping; again, repressors scored highly on the factor denoting positive coping. It was also found that the Lie and Neuroticism scales of the revised EPQ personality questionnaire of Eysenck, Eysenck and Barrett (1985) could be used as a substitute for anxiety and defensiveness to predict repression with considerable success. However results from both one‐ and two‐way analysis of variance indicated that the two different ways of classifying repressors was not totally inter‐changeable as the overlap in results occurred only with highly significant effects. The results are discussed in the light of previous investigations into repression which suggested that repressors report an overly optimistic way of coping in order to avoid negative affect. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中学生人格特质、主观应激与应对风格之间的关系

旨在构建中学生的人格特质、主观应激与应对风格之间的关系模型。采用问卷的方法,被试来自成都的四所中学,共607人。探索性因素分析和路径分析结果表明：中学生的应对风格可以分为主动应对和被动应对;不同类型的主观应激之间可能存在潜在关系;主动的应对风格只受到人格特质（外向/内向性、责任心）直接作用;被动的应对风格除了受人格特质的直接和间接作用外,还受到主观应激的影响。