按病种支付医疗保险费用与病种成本核算研究

医疗服务具有垄断性、委托代理双重性和需求刚性.在利益机制驱动下,医疗项目的选择变成供方偏好,是医疗费用快速攀升的症结之一.变按项目支付为按病种支付,是控制医疗费用快速上涨、深化卫生改革的重要措施之一.最科学的方法是进行病种成本核算.     

多重约束下的协商议事能否推动社区治理合力形成?

本文通过研究社区如何依托社会组织构建组织化的协商治理架构，探讨复杂治理场域中社区治理共同体协同联动的可能性。研究发现，基层治理主体在破解基层政府政策执行困境的同时，又屏蔽了多元主体的共识达成和参与动员的复杂性，只将协商议事作为一种协同配合的治理工具或策略性行为，局限了其治理效能和回应性的发挥。基层社会的权力转移需求与社区自治承接能力之间的不完全契合，使得协商议事在基层政府追求公共性与有效性的多维目标下产生非正式治理悖论。社区协商议事面对自主决策权匮乏带来的非对称性依附问题、选择性协商对居民诉求的回应性困境、有限协商参与的代表性偏颇等难题，不得不主动或被动诉诸正式治理规则对非正式治理规则的功能吸纳，也引致了公权力部门与协商机制在离散性张力下的相互依存关系。     

非正式制度对社会工作职业社会认同度的影响研究

非正式制度与社会工作职业的社会认同度是息息相关的。本研究运用社会制度理论的观点,构建了社会工作职业社会认同度的制度分析框架,探讨了非正式制度对社会工作职业社会认同度的影响。实证研究结果显示:非正式制度深刻地影响着社会工作职业的社会认同度;文化观念和意识形态会强化社会工作职业的社会认同度。但是,在具体的影响层面上,二者又存在较大的差异性。因此,提升社会工作职业的社会认同度,必须推动以社会治理理念转型为核心的非正式制度变迁,加强以理性意识形态为核心的非正式制度建设。     

合作社的分配制度分析

企业网络的治理机制是保证网络间企业有序运作的前提。与科层组织的治理机制不同,企业网络的治理主要是靠非正式机制,即所谓的网络机制。本文从关系性嵌入、专用性投资以及联合制裁三个方面对此问题进行了阐释,并得出企业网络中特有的治理机制是导致企业网络竞争优势的一个重要原因的结论。     

新时代下开展爱国卫生运动与促进全民健康

爱国卫生运动是党把群众路线用于卫生工作,对个体进而对社会治理的创举性实践,表征着国家与个体关系的嬗变。在不同的历史情境下,爱国卫生运动具有不同开展方式,随着经济社会快速发展以及社会结构的深刻调整,爱国卫生运动的开展也面临新形势。由于内外部条件、卫生建设目标及群众基础都呈现出新状态,新时代爱国卫生运动的创新实践应基于共治、共建、共享的社会治理理念,发挥引导作用,吸纳公众参与,塑造个体健康文明的生活方式,促进全民健康的实现。     

“电子钱包”让人花钱更多？——手机支付的心理账户效应

为探究手机支付使用者消费增加的现象及其心理账户效应,使用计算机程序对114名被试进行了三项模拟购物实验。实验发现：（1）手机支付组被试的商品消费次数和金额都显著高于现金支付组被试,且这种差异体现在功能型商品的消费上。（2）手机支付时被试不会倾向于对大金额的消费进行控制,对大钱和小钱的花费不存在显著差异。（3）手机支付时收到红包的被试消费次数和金额显著高于账户常规收入的被试,且更多用于享乐型消费。总的来看,手机支付减弱了对大额金钱和意外收入的消费控制,非现金支付让消费者花钱更多。     

企业网络的治理机制研究——基于非正式制度的视角

企业网络的治理机制是保证网络间企业有序运作的前提。和科层组织的治理机制不同,企业网络的治理主要是靠非正式机制,即所谓的网络机制。本文从关系性嵌入、专用性投资以及联合制裁三个方面对此问题进行了阐释。本文的结论是,企业网络中特有的治理机制是导致企业网络竞争优势的一个重要原因。     

我国现阶段的卫生财政政策及其理念分析

系统地描述和总结了我国现行的卫生财政政策,分析了其理念,指出了其不足之处。政府应当担负起社会合作的责任,建立起卫生财政转移支付制度,在不同行政区域之间,在城市与农村之间,公平地分配公共卫生服务物品和基本医疗服务物品。以药品差价收入补偿医疗机构的卫生财政政策理念是有害的。     

人类卫生健康共同体的伦理意蕴

人类卫生健康共同体本质上是一种内蕴伦理意涵、伦理精神和伦理价值的伦理共同体。把人类生命健康放在第一位、尊重世界各国人民的平等生命健康权是人类卫生健康共同体的价值主旨。构建人类卫生健康共同体的核心是加强全球卫生健康治理合作。人类卫生健康共同体所秉持的共商共建共享的理念和原则,也是体现和彰显全球卫生健康治理价值共赢的伦理原则。作为建设健康世界和保护人类共同地球家园的根本大计,人类卫生健康共同体内蕴和贯穿着对人类生命健康与生态环境、人与自然以及生态利益与生态责任辩证统一关系的理解,是人类生命健康与生态安全一体化的伦理方案。     

植物人救治面临的伦理思考

植物人救治面临的伦理思考衡阳医学院社科部（４２１００１）王成菊在过去的２０～３０年来，我国一直以提高医疗保健质量和减少医疗费用作为卫生工作目标。遗憾的是我们始终没有实现这个目标。就目前情况来看，我国支付不起医疗费用的人数在不断增长，而在另外一种情况下...     

Integrating unseen events over time

Events often share elements that guide us to integrate knowledge from these events. Integration allows us to make inferences that affect reactions to new events. Integrating events and making inferences are thought to depend on consciousness. We show that even unconsciously experienced events, that share elements, are integrated and influence reactions to new events. An unconscious event consisted of the subliminal presentation of two unrelated words. Half of subliminal word pairs shared one word ('winter red', 'red computer'). Overlapping word pairs were presented between 6s and 78 s apart. The test for integration required participants to judge the semantic distance between suprathreshold words ('winter computer'). Evidence of integration was provided by faster reactions to suprathreshold words that were indirectly related versus unrelated. This effect was independent of the time interval between overlapping word pairs. We conclude that consciousness is no requirement for the integration of discontiguous events.     

社会治理中的心理学问题

近年来社会治理中的心理学问题开始受到心理学者的关注。要正确识别这些问题, 我们必须从社会治理的心理内涵出发, 认识到社会治理的核心是“人”：社会治理的主体是人, 治理的对象是以人为中心的社会事务, 治理的过程是多元主体的群体决策过程, 治理的路径之一是面向人的心理建设。由此, 心理学家应该着力研究社会治理内生的各种心理学问题, 包括各种主体的治理能力, 作为治理对象的现实社会心理问题(尤其是社会心态问题), 群体决策心理, 以及心理建设的战略和实践方案。对这些问题的深入研究, 有望建立“社会治理心理学”的原创理论体系, 实现“由心而治”。     

Beyond Patchwork Precaution in the Dual-Use Governance of Synthetic Biology

The emergence of synthetic biology holds the potential of a major breakthrough in the life sciences by transforming biology into a predictive science. The dual-use characteristics of similar breakthroughs during the twentieth century have led to the application of benignly intended research in e.g. virology, bacteriology and aerobiology in offensive biological weapons programmes. Against this background the article raises the question whether the precautionary governance of synthetic biology can aid in preventing this techno-science witnessing the same fate? In order to address this question, this paper proceeds in four steps: it firstly introduces the emerging techno-science of synthetic biology and presents some of its potential beneficial applications. It secondly analyses contributions to the bioethical discourse on synthetic biology as well as precautionary reasoning and its application to life science research in general and synthetic biology more specifically. The paper then identifies manifestations of a moderate precautionary principle in the emerging synthetic biology dual-use governance discourse. Using a dual-use governance matrix as heuristic device to analyse some of the proposed measures, it concludes that the identified measures can best be described as “patchwork precaution” and that a more systematic approach to construct a web of dual-use precaution for synthetic biology is needed in order to guard more effectively against the field’s future misuse for harmful applications.     

知识密集型组织的雇佣关系民主治理和员工创造力研究

本文探讨了雇佣关系民主治理对员工创造力影响的中介机制和边界条件,并利用跨层次的调查数据进行实证研究。研究结果发现:(1)雇佣关系民主治理显著正向影响员工创造力;(2)内在动机在雇佣关系民主治理与员工创造力间起部分中介作用;(3)组织知识密集度对雇佣关系民主治理与员工内在动机的正向关系间有着显著强化作用;(4)雇佣关系民主治理和组织知识密集度的交互作用通过内在动机的中介作用,进而影响员工创造力。     

公立医院治理结构改革的理论探讨

探讨公立医院治理结构改革,有着重要的现实意义。在阐明公立医院治理结构的理论内涵的基础上,着重从委托代理、资源汲取系统和产权形式的特殊性三方面论证治理结构改革的依据,提出明确出资者（捐赠者）、决策者、管理者的责权,形成决策、执行、监督相互制衡的公立医院治理改革的思路。     

社区卫生服务的“管理模式”与“治理模式”比较

依据社区卫生服务的提供方与消费方之间的权力关系,社区卫生服务模式可以划分为管理模式和治理模式。在管理模式中,社区卫生服务提供方与消费方之间是建立在行政和技术权威基础上的管理与被管理关系。在治理模式中,社区卫生服务的提供方与消费方则是建立在沟通基础上的合作关系。我国社区卫生服务模式的发展趋势是从管理向治理的转变。     

In the Shadow of a State: Self-Settlement Strategies and Informal Governance Amongst Somalis in Johannesburg

This article explores the role of informal governance and institutions in the self-settlement strategies of Somalis in South Africa. Based on 3 years of ethnographic fieldwork with Somalis in Johannesburg, this article argues that informal governance operated though kin, clan and social networks, and personal, localised relationship with state authorities and community leaders are instrumental in governing settlement. Moreover, this form of governance is located within the multiple systems of Somali social order.     

The adjustment of social trust and Internet use on cognitive bias in social status: Perspective of performance perception

People in different social statuses have different perceptions due to differences in cognition. Combined with the characteristics of public behaviour and cognition, this study examined the impact of the widespread cognitive biases in social status on performance perception. This study used the ordinary least squares model to verify that the cognitive bias in social status has a significant positive impact on the perception of social governance performance. At the same time, a moderated mediation model was constructed to verify that social trust plays a partial mediating role in the influence mechanism of cognitive bias in social status on the perception of social governance performance. The use of the Internet significantly inhibited the influence of cognitive bias in social status on the perception of social governance performance. Although it also weakened the influence of cognitive bias in social status on social trust, the moderating effect on the mediating effect is not obvious. This study verifies and analyses the internal relationship and mechanism of social status cognition deviation and perception of social governance performance from multidisciplinary dimensions, which enriches the social cognition theory of social status, and expands the research on the perception of social governance performance.     

The Method of Levels of Abstraction in Pluralism and Governance of Dialogical Interaction

This paper deploys elements of the philosophy of information (PoI) in order to explore ideas of dialogical governance. Dialogue in the governance of contentious issues is at least partly a response to the recognition of pluralism among perspectives on various issues. This recognition is prevalent in the context of European governance. However, it is a first step to a better understanding of diverging opinion, rather than an end point. This paper argues that the PoI offers a fruitful path to follow up this first step. Specifically, PoI provides epistemological tools that can be used to clarify the meanings of terms and relevance of perspectives at issue in dialogical scenarios. Importantly, this approach revises the enlightenment view of the individual, offering a more nuanced and ultimately more accurate view of the self as internally complex. This represents a step beyond the status quo wherein these things are taken as unproblematic. This paper argues that PoI’s resources ought to feature as a methodological background to a reinvigorated dialogical governance paradigm. This method and these resources can inform an improved view of dialogical governance in Europe and, in their generality, beyond.