心灵的转换:明代佛教寺院僧众心中的民间信仰——以明代佛教方志为中心

明代佛教方志是研究民间信仰佛教化的一个重要资料宝库。本文通过大量明代佛教方志的记载,探讨了明代寺院供奉民间俗神的种类、空间分布,分析了明代佛教寺院僧众从内心上接受民间俗神的真正原因。明代是民间信仰与中国佛教完全融合的一个重要时段,对清代、民国以至现当代民间信仰与佛教寺院的关系都有深远的影响。     

中国古代首部编年体佛教通史思想述略——基于《隆兴佛教编年通论》中史论的考察CSSCISSCI

《隆兴佛教编年通论》是我国古代首部仿《资治通鉴》而撰成的编年体佛教通史。全书除了编年叙事之外,还多阐发史论,其中品评人物、褒贬史事,表现出了佛教史家受传统史学影响下的良史观、在佛教中国化背景之下调和儒佛的思想以及对佛教与政治关系的思考。其思想内涵在编年体佛教史籍中具有代表意义。     

中国古代首部编年体佛教通史思想述略——基于《隆兴佛教编年通论》中史论的考察

《隆兴佛教编年通论》是我国古代首部仿《资治通鉴》而撰成的编年体佛教通史。全书除了编年叙事之外,还多阐发史论,其中品评人物、褒贬史事,表现出了佛教史家受传统史学影响下的良史观、在佛教中国化背景之下调和儒佛的思想以及对佛教与政治关系的思考。其思想内涵在编年体佛教史籍中具有代表意义。     

佛教对中国文化的影响

佛教传入中国已有两千余年，在这一漫长的历史过程中，佛教逐步与中国传统化融为一体，不但佛教自身日益中国化，而且远远超出了宗教范围，渗透到中国化的各领域，包括语言字、哲学思想、史学艺术、科技建筑、乃至民风民俗，成为中国传统化的有机组成部分。本拟就佛教对中国化影响的各方面作扼要阐述，以期让人们重新认识佛教。     

古朴现代总相宜 山东佛教印象

山东是中国传统儒家文化的发祥地,在这里佛教与儒家文化完美地融合,相辅相承,互为补充。3月15日,"佛教胜地行"采访组再次启程,首站是山东。当北京还是春寒料峭的时候,齐鲁大地上,和煦的春风已经使蛰伏一个冬天的柳树吐出嫩黄的枝桠。早在公元1世纪前后,佛教就已经传入山东。不过一般都把东晋僧朗在泰山创建精舍作为山东佛教之始。     

大理古城的佛教建筑--以崇圣寺为例

大理处于中国南方丝绸之路与“茶马古道”的交汇口,是多种文化的交汇地带。大理所遗留的文化遗产种类繁多,是人类文化遗产最密集和杰出的一个区域。唐代中期佛教传入大理地区,并成为南诏国的国教,佛教成为统治者维护其统治的工具,自此成为大理地区盛行的宗教,佛教建筑盛行。大理佛寺中最有名的莫过于崇圣寺。以崇圣寺为例来介绍大理古城的佛教建筑。     

五台山佛教对当地民俗的影响

作为文殊道场的五台山,在佛教发展过程中,对五台民情风俗发生了很大的影响,使五台的风俗习惯,明显地带上了宗教色彩。一、佛教信仰佛教是世界三大宗教之一,也是中国佛、道、儒三教之一。佛教的基本教义是空、     

"三世"概念与"善恶报应"--佛教中国化的一个范例分析

印度佛教中的“三世”说和因果报应论是对中国人的宗教思想和信仰产生重大影响的理论。然而中国佛教的因果报应论已经不再是原本意义上的印度佛教思想,其中掺杂了大量的中国传统思想。本文考察印度佛教的三世概念、因果报应论与中国灵魂论和善恶报应思想的融合过程,并试图通过佛教的中国化过程来说明佛教理论的变化与发展。     

敦煌寺学与敦煌佛教入门读物之关系探析

寺学是晚唐归义军时期敦煌教育的一种特殊而重要的形式,但在寺学使用什么样的教材方面,学者们大都拘泥于传统的儒家典籍,未认识到寺学以佛学教育为主这一性质。佛教入门读物,就是以宣传和普及佛教常识为目的,部分或系统介绍佛教名数、义理知识,使初学者得到基本佛教常识的书籍。本文通过对二者特点的分析,来探究它们之间的关系。     

石窟寺 佛教中国化发展历程的重要见证北大核心

中国古代遗存下来的历代石窟承载着我国佛教发展的深厚历史,反映了佛教中国化的发展历程:新疆地区及河西走廊的早期石窟,犍陀罗、秣菟罗艺术风格十分明显;南北朝时期云冈石窟、龙门石窟、麦积山石窟、炳灵寺石窟等在造像和壁画方面体现出中原地区的绘画技法和样式风格;隋唐以后,中国石窟艺术更加充分展现了中华传统文化元素。     

The nature of The Nature of Prejudice

This paper attempts to establish the historical context for the development and publication of Gordon Allport's text, The Nature of Prejudice, and by so doing illustrate the importance of historicizing psychological social psychology. The Nature of Prejudice was, in part, the cumulative result of a decade of Gordon Allport's classroom teaching in a new interdisciplinary unit at Harvard, the Department of Social Relations. This paper chronicles key elements of Allport's course -"Prejudice and Intergroup Conflict"-from 1944 to the mid-1950s.     

试论社会历史规律和自然规律

从古希腊神话故事中的命运女神,到基督教神学关于上帝决定历史,再到维科、康德和黑格尔等关于“天神旨意”、“自然的意图”和“理性的狡黠”,尽管都没有科学地揭示出人类社会历史的内在规律,但都以不同形式承认了社会历史规律的存在。可以说,在19世纪下半叶之前,关于人类社会历史是有规律的思想一直是占主导地位的历史观。但是,在马克思之前,人们普遍认为社会历史规律是绝对必然性,人在这种必然性面前是无能为力、束手无策的。如黑格尔的历史哲学,就具有浓厚的宿命论色彩。     

The Activities of The Scandinavian Societies

Freud's concept of the death instinct has given rise to many different interpretations which have often been contradictory. It is in fact already possible to discern two diametrically opposite meanings of this concept in Freud's work from 1920—Beyond the Pleasure Principle—in which he first introduced the concept of the death instinct. In this paper, it is argued that both these meanings are relevant in describing psychical life, although only one of these meanings actually qualifies for the concept “death instinct”. Beyond the Pleasure Principle was written in order to try to understand some everyday, as well as clinical phenomena which could not be explained by the so-called pleasure principle. Freud postulated something beyond the pleasure principle, which initially seemed to have to do with binding energy. I will preserve this idea and attempt to develop it within the context of a phenomenological analysis of time. The temporalization of the subject involves a very basic affirmation of existence, in that the subject experiences something constant, something that can be said to possess the quality of a gestalt. I propose that that which is beyond the pleasure principle—this binding of energy—should be understood as the opposite of the idea of a primordial death instinct striving towards death. In this case, that which is beyond the pleasure principle reflects an original affirmation of existence, which could be said to correspond to Freud's first meaning of the death instinct. The second meaning—for which the name “death instinct” seems to be applicable—concerns the discharge of energy, which from a temporal point of view shows itself as a tendency to dissolution. The concept of the death instinct in its various meanings is discussed in connection with phenomenological reflections on time, which is a different approach from Freud's attempt to ground the death instinct in biology.     

建言类型对领导者建言采纳的影响：面子与幽默的作用

以说服和面子理论为基础,通过两个研究探讨领导者建言采纳行为的影响因素及作用机制。结果发现：相对于促进型建言,抑制型建言给领导带来的面子威胁更大,且领导者感知面子威胁在建言类型与建言采纳之间起部分的中介作用。而幽默类型与水平影响领导者感知面子威胁的程度,积极幽默水平越高,领导者感知面子威胁的程度越低,其建言采纳可能性越高。这表明领导者感知面子威胁在建言类型与建议采纳间起中介作用,幽默调节了此中介效应。     

The Logic of The Goldhagen Debate

Since Daniel J. Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaustattempts to show that the Holocaust is explicable and can be understood largely in terms of a single cause, “eliminationist anti-Semitism”, it is not surprising that the book has generated an international debate. What is surprising is the magnitude and emotional intensity of the debate. This article argues that the deepest flaws in it Hitler's Willing Executioners,as well as the chasm of disagreement between Goldhagen's detractors and defenders, have as much to do with reasoning and concepts as with matters of fact. It concludes that Goldhagen's central argument is stronger than many of his critics claim, but that the inadequacy of his cognitive interpretation of anti-Semitism and his unexamined psychological assumptions weaken his attempt to explain the Holocaust. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

骨折治疗方法与原则的最优化历程

多年来骨折治疗,新旧技术、新旧理论相互融合,相互碰撞,产生了新的理论和方法,使得临床疗效显著提高,现阶段理智的临床医生应该融汇各家之长,多方互补,对每一位骨折患者的治疗都应该按照最优化的原则进行.但是在医疗过程中总存在着如方法选择不当或者错误,过度治疗,医患信任危机,医疗伦理道德的丧失等情况,我们应该用矛盾分析的方法来思考这些问题.     

The Future of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

I examine the value and limitations of Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions. In the interests of developing a social epistemology of science, I argue that we should draw on Kuhn’s later work, published in The Road since Structure. There, Kuhn draws attention to the important role that specialty formation plays in resolving crises in science, a topic he did not discuss in Structure. I argue that we need to develop a better understanding of specialty research communities. Kuhn’s later work provides a research agenda for those who want to study scientific specialization. I briefly discuss some recent studies that promise to provide valuable insight into the social structure of science.     

“解释学”的没落与“描述学”的兴起——“既成”与“当下瞬间”的冲突

为了充分理解解释这个术语本身,我们得回到它的前提及其相关术语。解释的前提是理解,被理解的叫含义或意义。无论我们是否意识到,解释已经意味着进入哲学,从来的哲学家都在解释世界(马克思语)。怎么解释呢?用语言。传统上,我们往往从意识或概念领域接近解释学问