共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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视觉工作记忆中(VWM)已稳定存储的表征,依然会受内部注意选择的影响,说明内部注意选择对VWM发挥重要作用。本文首先阐述该领域主要的研究方法,然后对VWM中内部注意选择的效果和四个特性：时程、对象、容量和可持续性,以及其背后可能的理论机制和神经机制进行分析和总结。并据此从VWM的存储结构、内部注意的产生机制和处理方式等方面,为未来研究提出方向和建议。 相似文献
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本文采用连续报告任务,从非线索指示项目的角度入手,探讨无效后线索的存在是否会影响后线索效应的产生,以此进一步了解\"后线索效益\"的产生机制。结果表明,无论采用空间后注意线索,还是非空间的颜色后注意线索,都产生了\"后线索效益\",即后线索确实提高了被试视觉工作记忆的表现。无效后线索的存在不会影响\"后线索效益\"的产生,该效益的理论解释符合优先提取说,即被试会利用后注意线索优先提取线索指示项目,产生更快和更准确的反应。 相似文献
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视觉工作记忆不同加工阶段(编码、维持)对多特征客体信息的注意选择模式是否相同目前仍存在争议。本研究采用变化觉察范式,引入前注意线索和后注意线索,分别探测在视觉工作记忆编码和维持两个阶段中的注意选择模式。3个实验结果显示,在前注意线索试次中,被试对任务相关特征变化的觉察显著受到任务无关特征变化的干扰,表现为任务无关特征变化条件相比于不变条件的反应更慢,报告标准更低;且该干扰效应并不受记忆负荷的影响。而在后注意线索试次中,仅在低记忆负荷条件下(实验1a/1b)存在干扰效应,当记忆负荷增大后(实验2/3)干扰效应消失。结果表明,在视觉工作记忆编码阶段,客体中任务相关与无关特征均被编码进视觉工作记忆并相互竞争注意资源;而在维持阶段,任务无关特征仅在低记忆负荷条件下得到加工。结果揭示,在编码阶段的注意选择模式是基于客体的;而维持阶段的注意选择模式是基于特征的,且受到记忆负荷的调控。 相似文献
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视觉线索受限环境中, 视觉线索模糊和视野狭窄等因素会降低个体导航效能。认知地图凭借其灵活性和预览性的特点为导航提供支持, 保证导航过程的连续性和准确性。研究分析了认知地图的构成要素及相关理论基础, 提出了认知地图的构建和更新−校正两阶段动态加工机制及其对视觉线索受限环境中空间导航行为的影响。在构建阶段, 个体通过多感官通道获取并整合空间信息形成认知地图; 在更新−校正阶段, 个体更新并校正空间心智模型和空间定向以实现空间导航, 并全程受到元认知监控的调节。认知地图的动态加工机制厘清了推理、语言、元认知等认知加工过程如何支持视觉线索受限等环境中的空间导航行为, 为未来探索空间导航能力训练、人机协同导航智能化等方面提供理论基础。 相似文献
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在注意阶段,视觉工作记忆与注意共享某些特征时,视觉工作记忆内容会引导注意定向。在前注意阶段的影响又是如何？对此问题的研究却很少见,本研究采用工作记忆与基于特征的视觉搜索相结合的任务深入探讨了此问题。研究结果发现：即使在前注意阶段,注意定向也会受到视觉工作记忆自上而下的调节。然而与注意阶段不同的是：当视觉工作记忆内容与随后视觉搜索任务的目标相关时,与记忆内容匹配的搜索项目会引导注意定向到该项目所在的位置,但只有此项目作为分心物时,才会明显地延迟对靶子的加工,而此项目作为靶子时,这种影响并不明显;当视觉工作记忆中保持的项目与随后视觉搜索任务的目标无关时,注意会忽略视觉工作记忆中保持的项目,有效地检测靶子 相似文献
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以往研究主要在长时记忆中考察部分线索效应,很少关注工作记忆中的部分线索效应及其作用机制。本研究采用项目再认任务,考察了工作记忆中提供部分学习项目作为提取线索,对存储在工作记忆中的已有表征的影响。结果发现：有、无部分线索试次分组呈现时,相较于无部分线索条件,有部分线索条件下再认正确率和d'降低,β升高,反应时间延长;有、无部分线索试次随机混合呈现时,有部分线索条件下再认正确率降低,β升高,但反应时间并无显著延长。结果表明：工作记忆中部分线索的提供降低了目标项目的表征强度;研究结果可用提取抑制假说解释,但工作记忆中部分线索的作用可能受注意资源有限性制约。 相似文献
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弱客体理论认为, 视觉工作记忆系统是由众多特征存储的子系统组成, 不同纬度的特征独立存储在相应的有限容量的子系统中, 相互之间不会竞争记忆资源。而对于特征之间绑定关系的记忆存在不同的观点。一种观点认为绑定关系的记忆需要注意维持, 因此绑定关系的记忆会占用到特征记忆的资源; 另一种观点认为绑定关系的记忆是自动发生的, 不需要注意的维持。本实验的目的是探究特征绑定关系的记忆是否是自动发生的。在实验中, 我们设计了两种任务, 一种任务是只记忆颜色, 另一种任务是记忆颜色跟位置及其之间的绑定关系, 并测试分析视觉工作记忆相关的ERP成分CDA。结果发现两种任务条件下的CDA波幅之间没有显著差异, 说明视觉工作记忆中的特征绑定是自动发生的。 相似文献
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研究通过分析视觉搜索任务的首次注视点和行为反应时, 探讨无关工作记忆表征的负性情绪信息对视觉注意选择的影响。实验1发现在反映早期注意选择的首次注视点百分率指标上, 不管工作记忆表征的情绪效价如何, 均出现了显著的注意捕获效应; 实验2发现当采用中性情绪靶子刺激时, 首次注视点百分率指标上仍表现出了稳健的注意捕获效应; 在首次注视点持续时间指标上, 实验1和实验2均发现记忆匹配条件的干扰刺激显著小于控制条件的干扰刺激, 表现出注意的快速脱离; 而在行为反应时指标上, 早期的注意捕获效应消失(实验1), 甚至被反转为注意抑制效应(实验2)。这些结果表明在早期注意选择阶段, 记忆驱动的注意捕获效应不受工作记忆表征情绪效价的影响, 但认知控制会在早期注意捕获之后促使注意快速脱离记忆匹配的干扰刺激, 其作用效果受靶子刺激情绪效价的调节。 相似文献
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Wei Fang Kaiyue Wang Ke Zhang Jiehui Qian 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2023,114(1):112-131
The attentional effect on visual working memory (VWM) has been a heated research topic in the past two decades. Studies show that VWM performance for an attended memory item can be improved by cueing its two-dimensional (2D) spatial location during retention. However, few studies have investigated the effect of attentional selection on VWM in a three-dimensional setting, and it remains unknown whether depth information can produce beneficial attentional effects on 2D visual representations similar to 2D spatial information. Here we conducted four experiments, displaying memory items at various stereoscopic depth planes, and examined the retro-cue effects of four types of cues – a cue would either indicate the 2D or depth location of a memory item, and either in the form of physical (directly pointing to a location) or symbolic (numerically mapping onto a location) cues. We found that retro-cue benefits were only observed for cues directly pointing to a 2D location, whereas a null effect was observed for cues directly pointing to a depth location. However, there was a retro-cue effect when cueing the relative depth order, though the effect was weaker than that for cueing the 2D location. The selective effect on VWM based on 2D spatial attention is different from depth-based attention, and the divergence suggests that an object representation is primarily bound with its 2D spatial location, weakly bound with its depth order but not with its metric depth location. This indicates that attentional selection based on memory for depth, particularly metric depth, is ineffective. 相似文献
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Eriko Matsumoto 《The Japanese psychological research》2017,59(1):49-57
Both visual and verbal information in working memory guide visual attention toward a memory‐matching object. We tested whether: (a) visual and verbal representations have different effects on the deployment of attention; and (b) both types of representations can be used equally in a top‐down manner. We asked participants to maintain a visual cue or a verbal cue at the beginning of each trial, and ended with a memory task to ensure that each cue was represented actively in working memory. Before the memory task, a visual search task appeared where validity was manipulated as valid, neutral, or invalid. We also manipulated the probability of valid trials (20%, 50%, and 80%), which had been told to the participants prior to the task. Consistent with earlier findings, attentional guidance by visual representations was modulated by the probability. We also found that this was true for verbal representations, and that these effects did not differ between representation types. These results suggest that both visual and verbal representations in working memory can be used strategically to control attentional guidance. 相似文献
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以家族相似性图案为材料,让被试在单任务或双任务条件下以集中呈现或交错呈现的方式进行观察（实验1）或反馈（实验2）学习,记录眼动,探究注意对交错呈现优势的影响,以及工作记忆在其中的作用。发现当进行观察学习时,注意影响交错呈现优势,结果支持区别对比理论和注意衰减理论;当进行反馈学习时,注意的影响还有待进一步探究。同时,工作记忆影响交错呈现优势,但工作记忆并非完全通过影响注意从而影响交错呈现优势。 相似文献
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工作记忆是当前认知心理学中的一个研究热点,而其言语子系统与视觉子系统之间的关系又是一个颇具争论性的问题。实验1、2采用双任务范式考察了言语工作记忆对视觉工作记忆的影响。结果发现,满负荷言语负载条件下的视觉记忆的成绩显著低于无言语负载条件。这表明,言语工作记忆影响了视觉工作记忆任务的完成。 相似文献
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Recently, there has been much theoretical and applied interest in the prospects of cognitive training for improving cognition. NeuroTracker is a relatively recent training device for improving dynamic attention in athletes by training 3D multiple-object tracking skills. We examined its effectiveness for improving working memory (WM) span in members of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) by randomly assigning participants to the experimental (NeuroTracker), active control (adaptive dual n-back task), or passive control (no contact) conditions. NeuroTracker training resulted in significant gains in verbal, visual, and matrix span. No gain was observed in the active or passive control group. These results suggest that NeuroTracker could be a useful training tool for increasing WM span in military samples. Future studies could examine the effects of NeuroTracker training on militarily relevant performance measures that draw on WM span. 相似文献
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分配注意与发音抑制对视觉工作记忆的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究通过两个实验考察了分配注意与发音抑制对视觉工作记忆再认能力的影响.结果表明,保持阶段的分配注意与编码阶段的分配注意相比,对视觉工作记忆成绩影响更大;双任务条件下,被试正确回忆言语刺激时,视觉作业的正确率高,而错误回忆言语刺激时,视觉作业的正确率会降低;发音抑制与视觉工作记忆成绩无关. 相似文献
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Peter Shepherdson 《Visual cognition》2020,28(2):119-134
ABSTRACTRecently, researchers have used evidence-accumulation models to analyse how performance in visual working memory (WM) tasks depends on both decision-making and non-decisional processes. One resulting claim is that selection of representations into the focus of attention and decision-making about those representations are separable processes, that this selection is facilitated by informative retro-cues, and that this process is evident in non-decision time when data are fit with a diffusion model. I attempted to address an alternative account of retro-cue effects on non-decision time: that they result from reduced uncertainty about non-memorial aspects of the task. In two 2AFC recognition experiments with retro-cues, participants had to choose between two probes – whose similarity to one another varied across conditions – to indicate which matched an item presented at a specified location in a sequentially-presented visual memory array. Crucially, the task minimized differences in uncertainty between the cue and no-cue conditions. Modelling showed a robust retro-cue effect in non-decision time, consistent with the advanced selection account of the retro-cue effect. Additionally, there were serial position and similarity effects, mostly evident on drift rate. These results support the contention that selection into the focus of attention is a separate process which facilitates stimulus use in decision-making. 相似文献