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1.
积极身体意象是指个体对自己身体的认知接纳和独特性与功能性的欣赏,以及对身体评价信息的积极加工与保护,对个体具有内外增益的作用。以生物-心理-社会模型以及身体意象的操作性定义为理论框架,研究发现积极身体意象受到性别、年龄及身体质量指数等生物因素,人格因素、认知方式与内感受等心理因素以及重要他人、大众媒体及价值观念等社会文化因素的影响,对个体的身体认知、情绪体验及行为调控具有保护作用,其中,身体质量指数、神经质及感知来自重要他人和大众媒体的压力具有凸显性,心理因素与社会文化因素对个体积极身体意象的影响大于生物因素。同时,功能性聚焦干预和基于自我同情的干预成为了当前使用最多的两种提升策略,前者的有效性更强,而后者的应用与推广更具优势。未来研究可以基于交叉理论,丰富积极身体意象的理论模型,探究其发展特点与发生机制,优化提升策略的内容与适用性并注意家庭因素的防治作用,助推积极身体意象的中国化研究。  相似文献   

2.
大众媒体对女性身体意象的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
大量研究证明,大众媒体会对女性的身体意象产生负面影响,造成女性身体不满意、饮食失调等。这篇文章回顾了已有研究,综述了媒体和女性身体意象的关系,以及媒体影响女性身体意象的四种相关理论及内在机制。最后,展望了未来的研究方向。  相似文献   

3.
身体意象的知觉测评和态度测评   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
身体意象的测评工作有利于研究者在不同研究领域针对具体问题采用适当的测量身体意象功能的方法。目前研究者主要从知觉和态度两个成分对身体意象概念进行建构,并据此对身体意象测评方法做出分类。在知觉测评方法中主要介绍了身体形态大小估计测量法,而态度测评方法分为外显和内隐的测量方法,内隐测量法中特别介绍了人格化内隐联想测验的进展。此外,在同时测量身体意象的知觉和态度两个成分的工具中回顾了人物刺激问卷法,以及国外最近开发的数码图像和计算机技术。避免身体意象测评工具的误用和提高此类工具在人群中的适用性是今后研究应注意的方法学问题。  相似文献   

4.
以生物-心理-社会模型为理论基础,通过两个实验探究肥胖谈论、性别、身体质量指数(BMI)、自我接纳等因素对大学生身体意象的交互影响。实验1发现肥胖谈论使大学生的身体意象更加消极;女生比男生的身体意象更加消极,且肥胖谈论对女生身体意象产生的负面影响更大;BMI指数高的大学生身体意象更加消极。实验2发现高自我接纳大学生身体意象更积极,且受肥胖谈论所造成的负面影响更小。研究结果表明大学生的身体意象受生物、心理、社会等各种内外因素的共同影响,为引导大学生建立健康的生活方式、发展积极身体意象提供证据与支持。  相似文献   

5.
界定了身体意象的概念内涵,识别了其体验性、整合性与动态性等特性,提出了适应性与困扰性的分类思路,并着重剖析了患者群体困扰性身体意象的表现、诱因及影响。在此基础上,从梅洛-庞蒂知觉现象学的视角,阐释了患者困扰性身体意象形成的本质是身体客体维度的分离和凸显、身体图式对“异己”的整合挫败、意向弧在习惯与当下之间的断裂。最后提炼出关注患者身体经验、探索知觉和生命叙事等实践启示,使现象学的理论视野最终落回临床关怀。  相似文献   

6.
青少年理想身体自我量表编制   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
陈红  冯文锋  黄希庭 《心理科学》2006,29(5):1190-1193
对1124名青少年被试进行开放式问卷、封闭式问卷测试和探索性因素分析,结果表明:自编青少年理想身体自我量表具有良好的信度和效度。男性理想身体自我的维度为:性感魅力、运动健康、高大力量、浓眉大眼。女性理想身体自我的维度为性感魅力、匀称健康、苗条飘逸和洋气骨感。在中国文化背景下,青少年理想身体自我是多维度的。男性和女性理想身体有共同维度,均看重健康、性感和头发;也存在不同的维度,即男性身体更强调有力量、强壮和高大,女性身体更强调苗条和匀称。  相似文献   

7.
父亲意象指的是人的记忆和想象中的父亲形象。研究选取了包括初中、高中、大学在内的5所不同类型学校的651名青少年,采用自编问卷探讨青少年的父亲意象。结果表明:青少年对父亲意象是普遍认同和接受的;“父亲个性意象”的满意度最高,“父亲时代意象”的满意度相对较低;现代父亲基本上已经建立起对孩子的赏识教育观念,但却很难成为孩子眼中跟得上潮流的父亲。“与孩子一起成长,与时代一同进步”是现代父亲的必修课。  相似文献   

8.
青少年学生身体自我特点的初步研究   总被引:56,自引:0,他引:56  
黄希庭  陈红  符明秋  曾向 《心理科学》2002,25(3):260-264
本研究编制的青少年学生身体自我量表具有较高的信度和效度,该量表包含五个因素:相貌特征、运动特征、身体特征、性特征和负面特征。我国青少年学生的身体自我在总体上不存在性别差异,但女生对自己在运动特征和身材特征上的满意度显著高于男生。从中学生到大学生的年级发展趋势看,青少年学生身体自我的满意度总体上呈下降趋势;随着年级的升高,他们对自己的身体越来有越多的不满意。  相似文献   

9.
目的:对中文版身体意象灵活及不灵活量表进行修订,并在中国大学生群体中对其信度和效度进行检验。方法:2023年11月—12月,采用方便取样法对内蒙古自治区和四川省3所高校的1062名本科生施测。首先,对30名大学生进行中文版身体意象灵活及不灵活初始量表的通俗度检验,形成正式量表。接着,采用正式量表对480名大学生施测,并对数据进行项目分析与探索性因素分析。此后,再次使用正式量表对482名大学生进行测量,并对数据进行验证性因素分析、信度与效度分析。为检验量表的稳定性,2周后对上述被试中的70名大学生进行重测。结果:探索性因素分析发现,中文版身体意象灵活分量表包括正念接受和积极情感认知2个维度,共12个项目;中文版身体意象不灵活分量表包括主动回避、消极情感认知2个维度,共11个项目。验证性因素分析发现,该量表模型拟合效果良好(灵活分量表:χ2/df=2.663,NFI=0.909,TLI=0.926,CFI=0.940,IFI=0.941,RMSEA=0.059;不灵活分量表:χ2/df=3.437,NFI=0.930,TLI=0.934,CFI=0.949,IFI=0.949,RMSEA=0.071)。身体意象灵活得分与身体知觉得分呈负相关(r=-0.071,p<0.05),与身体欣赏得分呈正相关(r=0.464,p<0.01);身体意象不灵活得分与身体欣赏得分呈负相关(r=-0.073,p<0.05),与身体知觉得分成正相关(r=0.334,p<0.01),具有较好的校标关联效度。信度检验发现,2个分量表的Cronbach’s α系数分别为0.843、0.874。结论:中文版身体意象灵活及不灵活量表的信度与效度指标均与原量表信度与效度保持较高一致性,均符合心理测量学指标,可以作为评估中国大学生身体意象灵活性测量工具。  相似文献   

10.
探讨意象对话技术对青少年抑郁症的疗效.150例青少年抑郁症患者分为3组,意象组:单纯意象对话技术治疗;药物组:帕罗西汀治疗;联合组:帕罗西汀辅助认知治疗.患者随访1年,用汉密顿抑郁量表进行评定.结果显示,意象对话技术对青少年抑郁症的疗效与帕罗西汀联合认知疗法疗效相当,比单用帕罗西汀疗效好.  相似文献   

11.
    
Two studies were conducted to assess appearance-related visual processing mechanisms in populations at risk of disorders characterized by body image disturbance. Using inverted stimuli, Experiment 1 assessed visual processing mechanisms associated with body, face, and house viewing in adolescents. Experiment 2 applied the same protocol to assess appearance-related configural processing in high- and low-risk adolescent women, and women recovering from disorders characterized by body image disturbance. Experiment 1 found evidence for typical configural face and body processing, although adolescent women reported higher levels of body image concern (BIC) and self-objectified to a greater extent than adolescent men. In Experiment 2, typical body inversion effects were seen in the low-risk group, whilst there was some evidence to suggest a disruption to the configural processing of body stimuli in high-risk adolescents and in women recovering from body image disorders. Women in recovery were also quicker to respond to all stimuli, whilst high-risk adolescents took longer to respond to bodies than to other stimuli. Configural face processing was intact in all groups, and effects did not directly relate to BIC or self-objectification. These findings have implications for future research looking to inform early interventions and treatment, suggesting that there could be a tendency to visually process individual body parts at the expense of the whole-body form in women at risk of developing body image disorders, as well as those in recovery.  相似文献   

12.
    
We administered a paper‐and‐pencil questionnaire to 133 female and 99 male Japanese high school students 13–18 years old (M = 15.9, SD = 1.57) from the Kansai area to examine cultural influences on their body image and body change behaviours. Our aim was to ascertain the independent and combined influences from traditional Japanese, modern Japanese, and Western values. Cluster analyses identified four ‘acculturative’ groups: ‘anti‐modern’, ‘traditional’, ‘pro‐modern/anti‐traditional’, and ‘pro‐Western/anti‐Japanese’. Pro‐modern and pro‐Western adolescents were most dissatisfied with their bodies, and pro‐Western adolescents were also most likely to attempt weight loss. The results demonstrate the value of assessing cultural interactions in Japan along three dimensions.  相似文献   

13.
Adolescence is a high-risk period for body image disturbance and appearance concerns. In a cascade model, we examined interrelations of body dysmorphic symptoms (BDS) with appearance rejection sensitivity (ARS) and tested gender moderation. Participants were 397 Australian adolescents (T1 Mage = 11.7, SD = 0.91; 56% girls) who completed six surveys over 4 years. In a random-intercept cross-lag model, two (of five possible) paths showed ARS predicted higher subsequent BDS, and three (of five possible) paths showed BDS predicted higher subsequent ARS. Girls reported more BDS and ARS than boys, and random intercepts of BDS and ARS were correlated with the correlation stronger in girls than boys. Cross-lag BDD-ARS associations over the six waves were not significantly moderated by gender. Overall, girls are at higher risk of appearance concerns than boys, but BDD-ARS cascade effects do not differ between girls and boys.  相似文献   

14.
    
《PsyCh Journal》2018,7(1):31-40
The present study aimed to examine body image attitude in Chinese college students and related psychological consequences. A silhouette‐matching test was administered to 425 college students in mainland China. Self‐esteem, negative emotions, subjective well‐being, and eating‐disorder‐related weight‐controlling behaviors were also measured. Only 12.9% of the participants were satisfied with their figure and the extent of body image dissatisfaction was comparable for both sexes. The majority of the female participants indicated a preference to be more slender. Their ideal figure was underweight and was far smaller than the most attractive female figure chosen by male participants. For male participants, the proportion wanting a fuller figure was comparable to that wanting a slimmer figure. Among female participants, body image dissatisfaction negatively correlated with self‐esteem and subjective well‐being, and positively correlated with negative emotions. Drive for thinness correlated with eating‐disorder‐related weight‐controlling behaviors not only for females, but also for males. Body image dissatisfaction, as a diagnostic feature for major subtypes of eating disorders, may signal serious concern among Chinese college students.  相似文献   

15.
陈曦梅  罗一君  陈红 《心理学报》2020,52(4):485-496
基于积极心理学,采用友谊质量量表、自我怜悯量表、身体欣赏量表和直觉进食量表,对2438名初中生进行调查,并运用结构方程模型探讨友谊质量与青少年直觉进食的关系、作用机制及其性别差异。结果表明:(1)友谊质量与直觉进食呈显著正相关;(2)自我怜悯和积极身体意象在友谊质量与直觉进食间起中介作用,且该中介作用包含三条路径:自我怜悯的单独中介作用、积极身体意象的单独中介作用以及自我怜悯-积极身体意象的链式中介作用;(3)中介效应性别差异仅出现在友谊质量与直觉进食(分维度)的关系中,即\"无条件地允许进食\"和\"进食不受情绪影响\"两个维度。研究结果为促进青少年形成积极身体意象、健康饮食行为提供了参考建议和干预指导。  相似文献   

16.
为探讨被动性社交网站使用和青少年体像烦恼的关系,基于社会比较理论和自我差异理论,采用被动性社交网站使用问卷、社交网站体像比较量表、理想体像问卷和体像烦恼量表,对789名初、高中生进行调查。结果表明:(1)被动性社交网站使用对青少年体像烦恼具有显著的正向预测作用;(2)体像比较和体像自我差异能在被动性社交网站使用和体像烦恼的关系中起中介作用;(3)在被动性社交网站使用与体像烦恼的关系中,女生的体像比较和体像自我差异起并行中介作用,而对男生而言,体像比较和体像自我差异起链式中介作用。研究结果表明被动性社交网站使用不仅能直接影响青少年的体像烦恼,还可通过体像比较和体像自我差异的间接作用对青少年体像烦恼产生影响,且中介路径存在性别差异。  相似文献   

17.
为探讨被动性社交网站使用和青少年体像烦恼的关系,基于社会比较理论和自我差异理论,采用被动性社交网站使用问卷、社交网站体像比较量表、理想体像问卷和体像烦恼量表,对789名初、高中生进行调查。结果表明:(1)被动性社交网站使用对青少年体像烦恼具有显著的正向预测作用;(2)体像比较和体像自我差异能在被动性社交网站使用和体像烦恼的关系中起中介作用;(3)在被动性社交网站使用与体像烦恼的关系中,女生的体像比较和体像自我差异起并行中介作用,而对男生而言,体像比较和体像自我差异起链式中介作用。研究结果表明被动性社交网站使用不仅能直接影响青少年的体像烦恼,还可通过体像比较和体像自我差异的间接作用对青少年体像烦恼产生影响,且中介路径存在性别差异。  相似文献   

18.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
We investigated the prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) in an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 566) using the Body Image Rating Scale, a brief self-report measure for assessing body dissatisfaction. Results showed that adolescent girls were more dissatisfied with their bodies than adolescent boys, and that African-Americans of both genders were less dissatisfied with their bodies than Caucasians, Asians, and Hispanics. The interaction between gender and ethnicity was not significant. We found an overall prevalence for BDD of 2.2%. Although these are the first data on the prevalence of BDD in an ethnically diverse group of adolescents, they are consistent with the other study on the prevalence of BDD in a predominantly Caucasian group of college students.  相似文献   

19.
以3353名初一、初二、高一、高二年级学生为被试,探讨了青少年消极情感的特点,并进一步检验了不同依恋类型对青少年消极情感的独特效应、同伴依恋在亲子依恋与消极情感中的中介作用以及二者对消极情感的交互作用。结果发现:1)青少年的消极情感水平总体上呈现从初一到高二逐渐上升的趋势,且女生得分显著高于男生;2)同伴与父子依恋对消极情感的独特效应显著,但母子依恋的独特效应不显著,且同伴依恋在消极情感中的独特效应显著高于父子与母子依恋;3)同伴依恋部分中介父子依恋与消极情感、完全中介母子依恋与消极情感的联系,同时,父子与母子依恋又调节同伴依恋对消极情感的影响,表现为同伴依恋对消极情感的预测在高亲子依恋个体中更显著。因而,依恋对消极情感的作用机制中,间接效应模型与交互作用模型同时成立,是有调节的中介效应。  相似文献   

20.
Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) appear to possess abnormalities in the way they observe and discriminate visual information. A pre-occupation with perceived defects in appearance has been attributed to a local visual processing bias. We studied the nature of visual bias in individuals who may be at risk of developing BDD – those with high body image concerns (BICs) – by using inverted stimulus discrimination. Inversion disrupts global, configural information in favor of local, feature-based processing. 40 individuals with high BIC and 40 low BIC controls performed a discrimination task with upright and inverted faces, bodies, and scenes. Individuals with high BIC discriminated inverted faces and bodies faster than controls, and were also more accurate when discriminating inverted bodies and scenes. This reduction in inversion effect for high BIC individuals may be due to a stimulus-general local, detail-focused processing bias, which may be associated with maladaptive fixation on small features in their appearance.  相似文献   

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