大学生乐观、自我和谐与心理控制源的相关研究

目的:探讨大学生的乐观人格、自我和谐与心理控制源的关系。方法:采用生活取向量表修订版(LOT-R)、自我和谐问卷和心理控制源量表对286名大学生进行调查。结果:大学生的乐观人格与自我和谐之间存在显著的正相关;大学生的乐观人格和自我和谐与心理控制源各因子之间呈显著相关;内控性和机遇对乐观具有预测作用,内控性、有势力的他人和机遇对自我和谐有预测作用。结论:大学生的心理控制源能显著地预测乐观和自我和谐。     

大学生经济信心和心理健康的关系:生涯自我效能感的中介作用

采用经济信心问卷、生涯自我效能感量表、总体主观幸福感量表、贝克焦虑和抑郁量表,对237名大学生进行调查,考察大学生经济信心对其心理健康的影响,以及生涯自我效能感在两者之间可能的中介作用。结果表明,经济信心与生涯自我效能感和主观幸福感呈显著的正相关,与抑郁显著负相关,生涯自我效能感与主观幸福感显著正相关,与焦虑、抑郁显著负相关。大学生经济信心对其主观幸福感和抑郁具有显著的预测作用。大学生生涯自我效能感在经济信心与主观幸福感之间起到部分中介作用,其在经济信心和抑郁之间起到完全中介作用。此外,大学生生涯自我效能感传递了经济信心对焦虑的间接影响。     

特殊教育教师工作要求与职业倦怠：心理控制源的中介作用

目的：考察心理控制源在特殊教育教师工作要求与职业倦怠间的中介作用.方法：整群抽取252名特殊教育教师接受量表测量.结果：（1）工作要求与职业倦怠存在显著的性别差异;（2）相关分析表明,工作要求、职业倦怠与心理控制源之间呈显著相关;（3）心理控制源在工作要求与职业倦怠间起着中介作用;独立的中介效应检验中,三种控制源（内控性、有势力的他人、机遇）在工作要求与职业倦怠间都起着部分中介作用;综合模型中,工作要求主要通过有势力的他人这一中介与职业倦怠产生联系,同时也与职业倦怠间存在直接效应.结论：心理控制源是工作要求预测职业倦怠的部分中介因素.     

大学生闲暇生活自我管理与心理控制源的关系研究

目的：探讨大学生闲暇生活自我管理与心理控制源之间的关系。方法：采用自编的大学生闲暇生活自我管理问卷、内控性、有势力的他人及机遇量表对557名大学生进行调查。结果：①大学生闲暇生活自我管理总分存在显著性别差异,但在年级上不存在显著差异;②大学生闲暇生活自我管理与控制感的内控性呈极显著正相关（r=0．19,p〈0．01）;与有势力的他人、机遇呈显著负相关（r=-0．202,r=-0．216,p〈0．01）。结论：大学生的控制源对闲暇生活自我管理有重要影响。     

时间管理倾向与病理性网络使用的关系:网络自我控制的中介作用

采用青少年病理性互联网使用量表、时间管理倾向量表、大学生网络自我控制量表对443名大学生进行调查,考察了时间管理倾向、网络自我控制与病理性网络使用之间的关系及其作用机制。结果表明:(1)时间管理倾向各维度与网络自我控制显著正相关;时间管理倾向各维度、网络自我控制与病理性网络使用显著负相关;(2)网络自我控制在时间监控观对病理性网络使用的影响中起部分中介作用;而网络自我控制在时间价值感、时间效能感对病理性网络使用的影响中起完全中介作用。     

儿童期情感忽视对大学生抑郁的影响:控制感与情绪调节自我效能感的链式中介作用

为探讨儿童期情感忽视与大学生抑郁的关系,以及控制感和情绪调节自我效能感在其中的中介作用,采用儿童期创伤问卷、控制感量表、情绪调节自我效能感量表和贝克抑郁量表(第2版),对重庆市两所高校共837名大学生进行调查。结果显示:(1)儿童期情感忽视显著正向预测大学生抑郁;(2)控制感、情绪调节自我效能感在儿童期情感忽视与抑郁之间起独立中介作用;(3)控制感与情绪调节自我效能感在儿童期情感忽视与抑郁之间起链式中介作用,且情绪调节自我效能感各维度的效应皆成立。本研究考察了儿童期情感忽视对抑郁的影响及其作用机制,为家庭教养方式的改善及大学生抑郁问题的预防与干预提供了实践启示。     

戒毒人员戒毒动机对复吸倾向的影响:有调节的中介作用

目的:考察强制戒毒人员的戒毒动机对于复吸倾向的影响机制。方法:使用强制戒毒者复吸倾向性心理调查表、戒毒动机量表、心理韧性量表和情绪调节自我效能感量表对710名强制戒毒人员进行调查。结果:(1)强制戒毒人员戒毒动机负向预测复吸倾向;(2)情绪调节自我效能感中介了戒毒动机和复吸倾向的关系;(3)心理韧性调节了情绪调节自我效能感的中介效应。结论:戒毒动机不仅直接影响强制隔离戒毒人员的复吸倾向,也通过情绪调节自我效能感间接影响强制隔离戒毒人员复吸倾向,心理韧性增强了情绪调节自我效能感对复吸倾向的影响。     

大学生专业承诺对就业焦虑的影响:择业效能感的中介效应

为了探讨大学生专业承诺对就业焦虑的影响,并验证择业效能感在其中的中介作用,以某综合性大学500名毕业生为调查对象,使用大学生专业承诺量表、择业效能感量表(CDMSE-SF)和就业焦虑量表进行测量。结果发现:大学生专业承诺水平与择业效能感呈显著正相关,专业承诺与就业焦虑呈显著负相关,择业效能感与就业焦虑呈显著负相关。大学生择业效能感在专业承诺和就业焦虑之间起到完全中介作用。     

短视频使用对女大学生抑郁的影响：自我客体化和身体满意度的链式中介作用

本研究采用短视频使用强度量表、自我客体化量表、身体满意度量表及流调中心抑郁量表对366名有短视频使用经验的女大学生进行调查，探讨短视频使用对女大学生抑郁的影响及其作用机制。结果显示：（1）相关分析表明，短视频使用与女大学生抑郁和自我客体化呈显著正相关，但与身体满意度呈显著负相关；身体满意度与自我客体化、抑郁呈显著负相关（2）短视频使用不仅对女大学生抑郁有直接预测作用，还能通过两种间接效应对抑郁产生影响，即身体满意度的单独中介作用以及自我客体化和身体满意度的链式中介作用。     

大学生的学习观及其与学习动机、自我效能感的关系

采用大学生学习观问卷、大学生学习动机量表(WMI)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)及学习效能感量表,选取254名大学生作为被试进行问卷调查,探讨大学生的学习观现状及其与学习动机、一般自我效能感、学习效能感的关系.结果表明:大学生的学习观总体上是倾向于建构性的;文理科学生、本专科学生在学习观的各维度得分上不存在显著差异;大学生的学习观与其内生动机、一般自我效能感、学习效能感存在显著正相关,与外生动机多为显著负相关;学业自我体验与学习过程观是大学生内生动机的有效预测变量,学业自我体验是大学生一般自我效能感和学习效能感的有效预测变量.     

Verbally Expressed Wishes of Children and College Women Students

This research examined the relationship between locus of control and two academic-related variables: study habits and attitudes, and college academic performance. Subjects were administered (a) the Brown-Holtzman Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes and (b) the Levenson Internal, Powerful Others, and Chance scales, the latter providing separate measures of two external control dimensions. Results indicated that internal control was related positively to effective study habits and attitudes and to college academic success, while the opposite was true for powerful others and chance control. Additional findings demonstrated significant differences between powerful others and chance control as related to study habits and attitudes and to college grade-point averages.     

中学生网络利他行为与希望的关系:自我效能感与自尊的中介作用

采用希望特质量表、网络利他行为量表、自尊量表和一般自我效能感量表对326名中学生进行调查, 考察中学生网络利他行为对其希望的影响, 以及自我效能感和自尊在其中的中介作用。结果发现:(1)相关分析显示, 中学生网络利他行为、自我效能感、自尊和希望之间呈显著正相关;(2)结构方程模型分析表明, 自我效能感在中学生网络利他行为对希望的影响中起完全中介作用, 自尊在中学生网络利他行为对希望的影响中不起中介作用, 自我效能感和自尊在中学生网络利他行为对希望的影响中起链式中介作用。     

Perceived threat and depression among patients with cancer: the moderating role of health locus of control

Illness perception was found to be a better predictor of psychological outcome among cancer patients than the objective characteristics of illness. The current study explored the association between the perceived threat of illness (a major aspect of illness perception) and depression among cancer patients. We examined the hypothesis that this association will be higher for persons with low External (others) or internal (self) Health Locus of Control (HLC) than for those with high HLC. The study took an exploratory approach regarding the role that different sources of control (external and internal) may assume. Fifty-seven cancer patients completed self-report measures of Perceived Life Threat (PLT), HLC and Depression. The possible moderating role of HLC on the relationship between PLT and Depression was examined. A significant relationship between perceived threat and depression was found only among participants reporting low levels of internal locus of control. The results support the hypothesis that perception of cancer as life threatening is important factor in determining the level of depression among cancer patients. The results also support the differentiation between internal and external HLC and suggest that internal HLC may be more relevant than external HLC in managing perceived threat. Internal locus of control can be interpreted as having a sense of agency and mastery which is important in managing the cognitive perception of the threat of illness. Further research is needed in order to determine the role of external HLC in managing perceived or actual threats.     

乳腺癌患者术后自我效能、应对方式及生活质量的相关性研究

调查乳腺癌患者术后自我效能、应对方式与生活质量,探讨三者间的相互关系.应用一般自我效能感量表、医学应对问卷和生活质量测定量表对116例乳腺癌术后患者的自我效能、应对方式和生活质量状况进行测评,并分析三者间的相互关系.乳腺癌术后患者自我效能处于较低水平,应对方式趋向于采取屈服方式,生活质量处于较高水平,自我效能、应对方式和生活质量三者之间存在一定程度的关联,可以通过提高患者的自我效能,指导患者采用积极的应对方式改善其生活质量.     

Religion and behavioral procrastination: Mediating effects of locus of control and content of prayer

Religion is a significant predictor of self-regulatory processes. Procrastination has been described as the very essence of self-regulatory failure. In this study, we examined the relationship between religiousness and procrastination, with locus of control and styles of prayer playing mediating roles. These relationships were tested using data from 196 students. We applied the Centrality of Religiosity Scale, Levenson’s Locus of Control Scale, the God Control Scale, the Content of Prayer Scale, and the Behavioral Procrastination Scale. The results showed that: God control fully mediates the effects of ideology and intellect on procrastination; internal control fully mediates the effect of public prayer and religious experience on procrastination; and passive style of prayer was a mediator in the relationship between centrality of religion and procrastination. Our findings suggest that religious people may give up internal control, believing that their matters are in God’s hands. Being subject to God’s power provides them with a replacement form of control, which reduces problems of self-regulation.

     

Proactive Coping as a Mediator Between Resources and Outcomes: A Structural Equations Modeling Analysis

Proactive coping is a recent construct in the field of positive psychology. It refers to the efforts aimed at building general forces to facilitate the path toward challenging goals and personal growth. The current study adopted a theoretical model of proactive coping as a mediator of resources with positive and negative outcomes. Our aim was to examine two separate models with satisfaction with life and depression as the proposed outcomes of proactive coping. The proposed models presumed direct relationships between self-efficacy, optimism and social support with life satisfaction or depression, as well as indirect paths through proactive coping. We administered a set of questionnaires that consisted of demographic data, the Proactive Coping Scale, the General Self-efficacy Scale, the Life Orientation Test-Revised, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Data were obtained from a sample of high school graduates (N?=?485, age 17 to 19, 174 males and 311 females). Our analyses confirmed presumed direct and indirect relationships between resources and outcomes. The results showed that the data fit well in the model with life satisfaction as an outcome, while the data did not fit well in the model with depression as an outcome. A subsequent model was formed in which satisfaction with life was used as a full mediator between proactive coping and depression; this model provided a good fit to the data. Theoretical implications, as well as suggestions for future research, are discussed.     

Conflict-Related Stimuli as Elicitors of Selected Physiological Responses

Combining and extending previous conceptions of the construct of perceived control, a self-report measure based on a proposed multidimensional model was developed and validated. The Belief in Personal Control Scale (BPCS), measures of locus of control, depression, mania, anxiety, self-esteem, and social desirability were administered to several samples. A factor analysis revealed three interpretable components of the control construct: a general External Control factor, an Exaggerated Internal Control factor, and a God-Mediated Control factor. The results of this article provide preliminary support for the model and for the BPCS as a multidimensional measure of perceived control with reliable and valid subscales. Consistent with the proposed model of control, the three factors correlated differentially with the various measures of psychological adjustment. Of particular interest is the positive correlation between the Exaggerated Internal Control factor and a measure of mania.     

自尊与心理性应激反应的关系：社会认可需求的中介作用

国外研究者认为高自尊个体的内控性高,因此其在心理性应激情境中的反应不那么强烈,而国内研究者从集体文化(中国)考虑,则认为高自尊个体的社会认可需求较高,因此在心理性应激情境中的反应更强烈.本研究采用特里尔社会应激测试作为应激情境,采集41名中国大学生被试在这一情境下的客观参数(心率)作为心理性应激反应的指标,通过问卷测量被试的自尊水平、内控性水平和社会认可需求水平,考察自尊影响心理性应激反应的机制.结果发现被试的自尊水平与应激情境下的心率呈正相关,并且社会认可需求在自尊与心理性应激的关系中起着显著的中介作用.本文从文化差异角度提出自尊预测心理性应激反应的模型可能需要在不同文化背景下来分别探讨.     

Development of control-of-outcome scales and self-efficacy scales for women in four life roles

Scales to measure control-of-outcome expectancies and self-efficacy expectancies based on social comparisons were developed for adult females in the four life roles of occupation, parenting, marriage, and economic management. Internal consistency and construct validity of the scales were examined in two studies. Internal consistency estimates of six of the eight scales exceeded .70. A factor analysis within each role supported the distinction between control-of-outcome expectancies and self-efficacy expectancies. Construct validity was supported by finding the hypothesized relations between the developed scales and standard measures of self-esteem, depression,and locus of control. As hypothesized, the developed scales accounted for unique portions of the variance in role-specific coping orientation and role stress. Specifically, control-of-outcome expectancies predicted active or passive coping orientation in the personal roles of parenting and marriage. It was concluded that the developed scales might have utility for understanding coping and experienced stress in various life roles.