医药代表现象与药品价格政策的改革

探讨医药代表所引出的药品价格政策等问题,通过分析医药代表发生阶段性错位的原因,引出对药品价格改革的思考。我国的药品价格虚高是导致医疗市场失控的根本原因,医药代表的错位只是一种表现。根除这种错位必须首先解决药品价格虚高的问题。     

医药代表现象与药品价格政策的改革

探讨医药代表所引出的药品价格政策等问题,通过分析医药代表发生阶段性错位的原因,引出对药品价格改革的思考.我国的药品价格虚高是导致医疗市场失控的根本原因,医药代表的错位只是一种表现.根除这种错位必须首先解决药品价格虚高的问题.     

法律视野下的医药代表问题考量

医药代表本是医疗机构及医务人员与药品生产和经营企业之间的重要纽带,担当着传递研发信息,提供药品特点、禁忌等资讯,指导合理用药等重要职责。但从法律视角考量医药代表现状,我国医药代表领域却存在诸多的问题,有必要从建立监督管理机制、实行准入注册制度、明确职责、加强规范、完善法律法规等方面加以规制。     

医药代表问题及其法律规制

近年我国医药行业不断发展,其营销人员的数量也在膨胀,从而引发了药品购销中的一系列问题,而医药代表在其中扮演着重要角色。由此,“医药代表问题”已引起人们的反感;国家和医院也采取不少措施打击,但收效甚微。医药代表问题成为社会热点。分析医药代表问题的社会成因,提出法律规制,旨在促进这一行业健康发展。     

国内外职业承诺研究述评

从职业与事业的区别入手,对国内外职业承诺的概念、常用的几种职业承诺量表、职业承诺形成过程以及相关模型、前因与后果变量等方面的已有研究进行回顾和分析。研究发现,职业承诺与一些重要的效果变量有比较显著的关系,如职业满意度、工作投入、工作绩效等。文章最后指出了目前存在的问题及今后努力研究的方向,如现有的职业承诺概念比较凌乱,测量工具虽然多数是参照国外的重新编制,但其适用范围比较狭窄,因此需要对职业承诺的概念进行重新整合,职业承诺量表也需要对其在信效度指标上进行深入探索     

国外心理咨询师职业耗竭研究现状

职业耗竭是学术界关注的一个新热点,国外心理咨询师的职业耗竭问题也得到了比较系统的研究。通过回顾国外相关研究,从心理咨询师职业耗竭的发生率、影响因素、症状特点、职业易感性等几个方面进行总结,尝试提出干预意见,并对未来研究趋势进行展望。     

国外心理咨询师职业耗竭研究现状

职业耗竭是学术界关注的一个新热点,国外心理咨询师的职业耗竭问题也得到了比较系统的研究.通过回顾国外相关研究,从心理咨询师职业耗竭的发生率、影响因素、症状特点、职业易感性等几个方面进行总结,尝试提出干预意见,并对未来研究趋势进行展望.     

回族医药学术讨论会在西安召开

由陕西省政协、省委统战部、省民委、省卫生厅、省伊斯兰教协会及中华医学陕西分会联合举办的“回族医药学术讨论会”,于1989年12月11日至13日在古城西安召开,来自陕西、北京、甘肃、宁夏等地的110位代表进行了学术交流。     

成长的足迹

本文从我的个人成长经历、人生体验、处事态度、人生观、价值观、人格品质等方面对自我的成长过程进行了回顾和分析,并综合几个月来参加心理咨询师培训学习的体会,从职业动机、职业素养、职业行为、职业期待等方面对自己的职业成长进行了剖析,阐明了希望自己成为一名合格的心理咨询师的素质、能力和期望。     

国外双职家庭研究的现状与展望

1　引言　　双职家庭 (dual careerfamily)的含义是 ,夫妻双方都追求职业的成功 ,而同时又要努力保持和谐的家庭生活。职业(career)一词 ,可以指任何形式的工作 (job) ,但在双职家庭的概念中 ,职业代表着特定的含义。它指需要经过一定的教育和训练才可以从事的职业 ,需要人们有高度的责任感 ,反过来 ,职业的成功也可以给人以高度的成就感。双职家庭是现代社会中一种重要的家庭形式 ,在这种家庭中 ,夫妻双方都有自己的职业追求 ,职业与家庭都是双方生活的重要组成部分。女性有了自己的职业追求 ,把职业看成是生活中非常重要的部分 ,而男性也…     

不良事件报告制度与患者安全

由于医院本身具有复杂性,不确定性和高风险性等专业特性,再加上越来越多新技术及新疗法的介入等错综复杂的因素,使得医疗风险无处不在。世界各国均存在不同程度的患者安全问题,这在发展中国家尤为严重,并由此产生了巨大的经济负担。患者安全问题已成为一个全球性的、亟待解决的问题,因此很有必要建立一个医疗安全监管系统。欧美多个国家已建立起医疗不良事件报告系统,我国虽然也有患者安全（不良事件）自愿报告系统,但发展还很不成熟。我们还应做出更多努力以推进该系统的发展,全面保障患者安全。     

临床药师问诊与实践体会

问诊是临床医师的基本技能之一.医师通过问诊可以获得病史资料,从而做出临床决策.随着医学模式从传统的生物医学模式向生物心理社会医学模式转变和临床药学的蓬勃发展,药学服务模式从传统的以保障药品供应为中心向以患者为中心模式转变.药师从药房逐步走向临床,参与合理用药和提供药学服务,问诊也应成为临床药师的基本技能之一.本文通过笔者问诊实践,阐述问诊对于临床药师的重要性、药师问诊的内容及其与医生问诊的区别.     

对临床药学发展的几点思考

经过30余年的探索与实践,我国的临床药学发展已初具规模,其开展的必要性和重要性得到社会各界的肯定。但就开展程度而言,临床药学仍为一门年轻的学科,其内容和体系均凾待完善。在回顾过去,总结经验教训的基础上,我们有针对性地提出了一些关于临床药学体系建设的建议,期望对我国临床药学工作的全面开展有所帮助。     

医学职业显规则何以不再“败走麦城”

近些年来,医学职业显规则接连受挫,医学职业生态呈现非常态甚至反常态。其根本原因在于,医学职业显规则与潜规则二者并存且此消彼长。职业规则是职业精神的核心。若要真正颠覆医学职业潜规则,让医学职业显规则回归医学职业生活,从而恢复或重构医学职业精神,就必须克服现存的医学职业显规则的致命性缺欠,进行自身优化,即强化自己的权威性、情境性与实用性。     

Responsabilités de l’expert judiciaire médical : des exigences déontologiques renforcées pour une activité accessoire

Medical doctor, forensic expert. Behind the duality of this role lie several professional obligations and responsibilities that must always be borne in mind by those who make a contribution to justice in providing their skills and professional knowledge. In reality, taking a moment to reflect on the ethical duties of the Forensic Medical Expert involves realizing that today, regulations and jurisprudence are seldom a requirement in a profession that performs an activity which may be ancillary but which is nonetheless essential in revealing the truth and therefore working towards Justice. Said person passes protean responsibilities on to health professionals for those who, paradoxically and statutorily, only occasionally work with the justice system. As such, from a civil, criminal and disciplinary perspective, a person skilled in the art is responsible for faults committed under the control of both the justice system and their peers in terms of their medical and expert activities. Given that the ancillary activity adds a great deal to the main role, this study raises the question of the ambiguity of a status that would benefit from official recognition as a regulated legal profession.     

医生专家责任的法理分析

随着医患关系发展的多样化、复杂化,以及法律对医生专家责任规定的疏漏,医生和患者都面临着巨大的经济和精神压力。因此,明确医生专家责任的法律属性,分析专家责任的构成要件,探讨责任实现形式,建立责任转移方式以及责任限制制度,对于明确医生的权利义务,缓和医患关系,稳定医疗秩序,具有一定的现实意义。     

完善医学生职业道德培养教育途径

为了提高我国医学生职业道德教育的有效性和实效性,需不断完善和健全现有职业道德培养渠道,并拓展新渠道。在探讨研究国外医学生道德培养途径基础上,博采众家之长,形成以职业道德教育贯穿于专业教育全过程为特征,以职业道德教育与临床医疗实践相结合,以提高医学生自我道德教育能力为目的,适合我国特点的医学生职业道德培养途径。     

Professional liability (malpractice) coverage of humanist scholars functioning as clinical medical ethicists

In contrast to theoretical discussions about potential professional liability of clinical ethicists, this report gives the results of empirical data gathered in a national survey of clinical medical ethicists. The report assesses the types of activities of clinical ethicists, the extent and types of their professional liability coverage, and the influence that concerns about legal liability has on how they function as clinical ethicists. In addition demographic data on age, sex, educational background, etc. are reported. The results show that while nearly one third (28.9%) of the ethicists regularly make recommendations about patient care, only 10.8% of them regularly make entries in the medical record; only approximately half (53.0%) of them are covered by professional liability (malpractice) insurance; and the vast majority (84.3%) of them say that concerns about legal liability do not influence the way they function as clinical ethicists.     

Evoking the moral imagination: Using stories to teach ethics and professionalism to nursing,medical, and law students

Four years ago, as colleagues in our university's law and medical schools, we designed and began offering a course for law, medical, and nursing students, studying professionalism and professional ethics by reading and discussing current and earlier images of nurses, doctors, and lawyers in literature. We wanted to make professional ethics, professional culture, and professional education the objects of study rather than simply the unreflective consequences of exposure to professional language, culture, and training. We wanted to do it in an interdisciplinary course where aspiring professionals could share their self-conceptions and their conceptions of each other, and we wanted to do it by using stories, our primary means for organizing experience and claiming meaning for it. This article tells the story of that experience: why we did it; how we did it; what we learned from doing it.     

Medical Psychology Services in Dutch General Hospitals: State of the Art Developments and Recommendations for the Future

In this article an overview is presented of the emergence of medical psychology in the care of somatically ill patients. The situation in the Netherlands can be considered as prototypical. For 60 years, clinical psychologists have been working in general, teaching and academic hospitals. Nowadays, they are an integrated non-medical specialism working in the medical setting of hospitals in the Netherlands, and are a full-member of the medical board. This paper discusses several topics: the position of the general hospital in the health care system in the Netherlands, the emergence of medical psychology in Dutch hospitals, the role of the professional association of medical psychologists, and the characteristics of patients seen by clinical psychologists. Following the discussion about the situation of medical psychology in other countries, recommendations are formulated for the further development of medical psychology in the Netherlands as well as in other countries.