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1.
国际生命伦理学和伦理学相对主义美国威斯康星大学教授DanielWikler国际生命伦理学会会长东亚生命伦理学学术会议(EACB’95)召集人邱教授和坂本教授邀请我谈谈伦理学和文化相对主义与国际生命伦理学的关系。这是一项困难的任务,一项超过我个人作为生...  相似文献   

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走出价值相对主义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李江凌 《现代哲学》2003,2(4):55-60
价值相对主义的理论失误和实践危害,使大多数价值哲学论者都力图克服之。新康德主义的形式先验主义的思路,舍勒的实质先验主义的思路,布伦坦诺的经验直觉主义的思路,培里的现代经验主义的思路,都是克服价值相对主义的不同尝试,都有其合理因素。但由于它们各自理论的缺陷,使之难以真正克服价值相对主义。我们认为,以实践为基点去理解价值的本质,应用唯物辩证的方法去说明价值的相对性与绝对性,才能走出价值相对主义。  相似文献   

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呈现在读者面前的这部由杜治政、许志伟两位知名教授担任主编,长达130万字的宏著<医学伦理学辞典>(2003年,郑州大学出版社出版)是我国医学伦理学里程碑式的著作,新中国成立以来的第一本医学伦理学大型工具书,也是一本跨学科,涵盖哲学、理论伦理学、生命伦理学、中外医德学、医德史、医德社会学、医德法学等,此外还涉及到医学、生理学、心理学、法学、社会学、社会心理学等诸学科知识.  相似文献   

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后现代主义是对现代主义或现代性的“反动”.后现代主义伦理学蕴含了浓厚的相对主义色彩.理清后现代主义的相对主义及其与现代主义(或现代性)的复杂关系,以及后现代的道德与后现代伦理学的关系,将有助于我们对当代社会伦理学的研究和现实道德的建设.  相似文献   

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1 医学伦理学 (medicalethics)对医学伦理学的界定直接与对生命伦理学的界定有关 ,即医学伦理学与生命伦理学是谁包括谁亦或是两个各自独立的学科 ?WarrenReich在 1971年准备编写《生命伦理学百科全书》时 ,开始时用的《医学伦理学百科全书》名称 ,可见 ,医学伦理学和生命伦理学已是两个不同的概念。DanielCallahan在《生命伦理学百科全书》第二版中的生命伦理学条目中 ,把医学伦理学与生命伦理学相比 ,认为“医学伦理学是古老的学科 ,代表很窄的范围 ,只强调医生的道德义务和医患关系 ,虽然在现今…  相似文献   

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医学目的与医学道德   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
医学目的与医学道德哈尔滨医科大学(150086)孙福川医学目的设定是医学发展的根本问题,医学道德再建是医学发展的重大问题。正当人类准备进入21世纪时,这两位联手闯进我们的视野,对我国的跨世纪医德建设是极重要的一件事。一、医学目的再设定的伦理效应(一)...  相似文献   

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论医德建设的制度创新   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
1 问题的提出医学职业道德建设应是一种制度伦理,它的主要目的不是追求道德崇高,而是寻求医务人员职业活动的合道德性,即将医学的职业活动框定在一个合理、正当、有序的范围内。但长期以来,医德建设往往只聚焦于个人行为的合道德上,把理想人格的塑造当作关注的重点...  相似文献   

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在一些<医学伦理学>教材中,对医学道德的基本原则表述不规范,对两套医学道德的基本原则要么在概念上认知模糊,要么在内容上表达不准确.而且对两套医学道德基本原则之间的内在关系难以辩证统一.导致医学生在学习的过程中对其概念认知混乱,找不到自己医疗行为的准确定位.通过对医学道德基本原则的论证,对医学道德基本原则概念认知达成共识.  相似文献   

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Abstract: A common view is that relativism requires tolerance. We argue that there is no deductive relation between relativism and tolerance, but also that relativism is not incompatible with tolerance. Next we note that there is no standard inductive relation between relativism and tolerance—no inductive enumeration, argument to the best explanation, or causal argument links the two. Two inductive arguments of a different sort that link them are then exposed and criticized at length. The first considers relativism from the objective point of view ‘of the universe’, the second from the subjective point of view of the relativist herself. Both arguments fail. There is similarly no deductive relation between absolutism and tolerance—neither entails the other—and no inductive connection of any sort links the two. We conclude that tolerance, whether unlimited or restricted, is independent of both relativism and absolutism. A metaethical theory that says only that there is one true or valid ethical code, or that there is a plurality of equally true or valid ethical codes, tells us nothing about whether we should be tolerant, much less how tolerant we should be.  相似文献   

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Debates about the semantics and pragmatics of predicates of personal taste (PPT) have largely centered on contextualist and relativist proposals. In this paper, I argue in favor of an alternative, absolutist analysis of PPT. Theorists such as Max Kölbel and Peter Lasersohn have argued that we should dismiss absolutism (also called realism or invariantism) due to its inability to accommodate the possibility of faultless disagreement involving PPT. My aim in the paper is to show how the absolutist can in fact accommodate this possibility by drawing on an account of faultless disagreement that improves upon a recent proposal due to Karl Schafer. In amending Schafer’s proposal, I put forward an empirically informed view of our beliefs regarding matters of personal taste, as well as an account of our assertions concerning such matters. I also argue that absolutists should take disagreement about these matters to be conative, rather than doxastic, in nature. The anticipated result is an independently compelling account of faultless disagreement about matters of personal taste that fits naturally with absolutism.  相似文献   

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社会直觉模型认为有意识的道德推理过程发生在道德直觉判断之后。那么,道德直觉判断又是怎么形成的,是否受认知推理和情绪的影响?实验1首先验证道德直觉判断的存在;实验2考察了道德相对主义对道德直觉判断的影响;实验3考察了厌恶情绪对道德直觉判断的影响。结果发现:(1)道德绝对主义比道德相对主义条件下,个体更倾向于做出道德直觉判断,说明道德直觉判断受认知推理影响。(2)厌恶情绪比中立情绪启动条件下,个体更倾向于做出道德直觉判断,说明道德直觉判断受情绪影响。因此,道德直觉判断会受认知推理和情绪的影响。  相似文献   

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普世伦理就是道德的普遍性,它存在于特殊性之中。离开特殊性的普遍性是不存在的。  相似文献   

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A number of arguments against relativism are based on the concept of majority rule. Since, the arguments allege, on relativism moral truth is founded on majority opinion, relativism entails that (a) moral progress and reform are impossible, (b) propaganda, advertising, brainwashing, and high birth rates turn mistaken moral judgments into correct ones, (c) moral horrors, if enough people believe them acceptable, are not moral horrors at all, (d) finding out what’s right and what’s wrong is extremely easy, (e) moral reasoning is very different from what we normally take it to be, and (f) internal criticism of a moral code is impossible. These arguments get their due in this article, which first defines and explicates relativism and then exposes, explains, and criticizes the arguments. Especially important to understand about the relation between relativism and majority opinion is the notion of a convention. Accordingly, it is discussed at some length.  相似文献   

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The traditional requirements upon the waging of a just war are ostensibly independent, but in actual practice each tenet is subject ultimately to the interpretation of a legitimate authority, whose declaration becomes the necessary and sufficient condition. While just war theory presupposes that some acts are absolutely wrong, it also implies that the killing of innocents can be rendered permissible through human decree. Nations are conventionally delimited, and leaders are conventionally appointed. Any group of people could band together to form a nation, and any person could, in principle, be appointed the leader of any nation. Because the just war approach assumes absolutism while implying relativism, the stance is paradoxical and hence rationally untenable.  相似文献   

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在互联网、大数据等科技驱动下,各类新媒体的蓬勃发展深度改变了健康传播的形式与布局,引起健康传播模式的变化。但与此同时,新形势下的健康传播也面临着虚假信息泛滥、传播行为规范性不足等冲击与挑战。健康传播中的伦理风险更加凸显。因此,需要关注健康传播中的伦理问题,使科普伦理的核心内涵贯穿于健康传播之中,将健康传播纳入到科技伦理治理体系之中。为此应组织开展研究与交流,凝聚学界与业界伦理共识,强化人才队伍建设,进而提升健康传播的效率、质量与规范性。  相似文献   

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原则主义在医学伦理学中出场逻辑的前提是伦理学中居于核心地位的道德原则及其作用。传统规范伦理道德原则始终是解决现实道德问题的出发点和落脚点,医学伦理学也不例外;然而医学伦理学不仅只是承认和应用道德原则,而且筛选出一些原则作为基本原则,然后将这些基本原则建构成原则主义的基本立场和观点,用来解决医疗卫生领域中出现的道德难题。原则主义在医学伦理学中的出场和应用确实解决了一些医疗卫生领域中的道德难题,推动了医学伦理学的新发展。但原则主义并没有像其提出者所设想的那样完美地解决所有道德难题,它本身也存在着理论上的缺陷,而且很多情况下,在实践上不仅不能解决道德困境,而且引起新的道德困境,因此需要得到进一步的修改和完善。  相似文献   

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Innovative practice occurs when a clinician provides something new, untested, or nonstandard to a patient in the course of clinical care, rather than as part of a research study. Commentators have noted that patients engaged in innovative practice are at significant risk of suffering harm, exploitation, or autonomy violations. By creating a pathway for harmful or nonbeneficial interventions to spread within medical practice without being subjected to rigorous scientific evaluation, innovative practice poses similar risks to the wider community of patients and society as a whole. Given these concerns, how should we control and oversee innovative practice, and in particular, how should we coordinate innovative practice and clinical research? In this article, I argue that an ethical approach overseeing innovative practice must encourage the early transition to rigorous clinical research without delaying or deferring the development of beneficial innovations or violating the autonomy rights of clinicians and their patients.  相似文献   

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