科学发展观与宗教研究

党和政府提出科学发展观要求“坚持以人为本,树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观,促进经济社会和人的全面发展”,并强调要“按照统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外开放的要求”推进改革和发展。坚持“以人为本”,不断满足人们多方面的需要和促进人的全面发展,是科学发展观的核心内容。     

环境正义德性论

环境正义德性是环境正义原则、规范内化为人的内在品格,从而使个体达到自觉追求人——自然——社会的和谐,真正实现类本质而成为类存在的一种精神样态。从环境正义德性的蕴涵就可以看出,环境正义德性的价值包括两方面:自我价值与社会价值。环境正义德性的自我价值是指环境正义德性本身就是一种内在价值,即类主体自身的价值。环境正义德性的社会价值是指环境正义德性的外显价值,即对人——自然——社会和谐的类结构价值。为了塑造环境正义德性,我们需要通过环境意识之真、环境正义之善、环境感受之美教育,对主体人格进行精心培育,使主体人真正形成自觉、自律、自由的类意识,使主体人树立以人为本的环境价值观,最终促成环境正义德性的养成。     

“以人为本”的社会发展观的哲学前提

“社会发展”问题既是现实的、重大的实践课题, 也是重大的理论课题。党的十六届三中全会明确地把“以人为本”作为社会发展观的核心。我们认为, 改变传统的“社会观”与“发展观”, 确立以人为中心的“社会观”与“发展观”, 是确立“以人为本”的“社会发展观”的哲学基础, 否则, “以人为本”的社会发展观将难以在人们的思想和行动中生根立足; 即使勉强建立起来, 也难免沦为某种形式化的东西并可能走样变形。一、重新反思“社会”与“发展”从哲学理论的角度深入反省以往种种社会发展观的深层缺失, 我们发现, 人们之所以难以形成“以人为…     

关于“以人为本”若干问题的探析

中共十六届三中全会把“坚持以人为本,树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观,促进经济、社会和人的全面发展”作为党和政府工作的总体要求和发展目标提出之后,以人为本的问题引起了社会各界的高度重视,对这一问题的讨论也日见增多,但是迄今仍有许多深层次的理论与实践问题并未得到解决,尤其是某些不识大体、满足于章句雕凿的观点,冲淡了“以人为本”发展观的实践性和批判性,使理论宣传的通俗化要求变成了理论探讨中的庸俗化俗套。鉴此,本文拟就相关问题作一些初步探讨。一、以人为本的内涵和本质目前,国内学术界对以人为本的讨论存在一些有待深化…     

宗教的生态智慧与科学发展观

在党的十六届三中全会上,胡锦涛同志明确提出了“坚持以人为本,树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观,促进经济社会和人的全面发展”的思想。宗教工作作为党和国家工作中的重要组成部分,当然而且必须牢固树立科学的发展观,并把它落实到宗教工作的各个方面、各个环节和全部过程。科学发展观的内涵十分丰富,涉及经济、政治、文化、社会发展各个领域,简言之,就是要做到五个“统筹”,即“统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外开放。”那么,在宗教工作中究竟如何落实科学发展观呢？我认…     

"是-应该"问题及其解答

休谟提出如何从“是”推出“应该”,亦即如何从事实判断推出价值判断的问题。本文以该问题为线索,评述和澄清休谟道德哲学的主要观点,并对与此问题密切相关的“囚徒困境”作了探讨。在此基础上,提出一种新的解答,即：“是一应该”问题是不能彻底解决的,在这个意义上,休谟的“是一应该”论题是正确的。但是,在另一种意义上,“是一应该”问题是可以解决的,即对于那些已经把长远利益作为追求目标的人而言是如此。因为对他们来说,追求长远利益已经是一个事实,因而必须考虑与他人或社会的合作,这使他们原有的同情心得到加强,从而产生名誉感和自尊心,进而达到正义和仁慈的德行。这样便从追求长远利益的“是”得出正义和仁慈的“应该”。     

“以人为本”:马克思社会发展观的一个根本原则

党的十六大三中全会《关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》号召全党要坚持“以人为本 ,树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观”。把“以人为本”作为发展观的一个原则或根本要求 ,是一个崭新的提法。因此 ,需要弄清这个原则在马克思主义历史观中的地位 ,追问它的合法性。一、依据 :历史是人们自己创造的在历史观中突出“以人为本”的原则 ,依据何在 ?在于历史的创造者是人自身。意识到这一点 ,把它自觉地作为人们观察社会历史的一个根本原则 ,就有了“以人为本”的发展观。然而 ,这个意识的形成又有待于人自身的进步。在漫长的中国封建…     

发展伦理学:引导人类生活向上的伦理学

发展伦理学是关于发展的目的追求、价值取向、伦理原则、道德规范的应用伦理学分支学科,是引导人们过一种美好生活的伦理学。发展伦理学须面对和回答为什么发展以及人类应当如何生活、如何共同生活、如何幸福生活的问题,由此也就生成了人为本、天人合一、公平正义、身心和谐等基本原则。以发展伦理为道德灯塔的当代社会发展应当是以人为本的发展、全面协调的发展以及人与自然和谐共生的发展。     

科学发展观的结构和方法论意蕴

科学发展观深刻揭示了我国经济社会发展的客观规律,集中体现了我们党指导发展的世界观和方法论,是我们党指导我国经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设全面发展的基本方针。用科学发展观武装头脑,就可以使发展的道路愈走愈宽广。本文拟从哲学的角度,剖析科学发展观的结构,阐发贯彻落实科学发展观应坚持的主要方法论原则。一概括起来说,科学发展观的基本内容是:“坚持以人为本,树立全面协调、可持续的发展观,促进经济社会和人的全面发展”;“按照统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外…     

唯物史观视域中的政治正义及其实践理路

政治正义是衡量政治权力来源和归宿是否正当、政治运行和秩序是否合法、政治价值结构和性质是否良善的综合评价系统。唯物史观视域中的政治正义作为合规律性与合目的性的统一,是国家治理现代化进程中不可或缺的价值标准。“民心是最大的政治,正义是最强的力量。”作为中国特色社会主义政治建设的重要价值依循,政治正义体现了新时代中国政治发展的“最强力量”,凸显了社会主义政治文明形态的鲜明底色,是共产党人崇高价值追求的生动体现。以追求“国之大者”、实现人民至上为政治属性,以立足基本国情、解决新时代社会主要矛盾为政治逻辑,以全面从严治党、勇于自我革命为政治品格,以践行人民中心、维护社会公平正义为政治目标,以树立正确义利观、助推全球正义为世界情怀,这些充分勾勒了新时代治国理政的政治方略,展现了新时代政治正义的中国智慧。     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

The "Natural" and the "Formal"

The paper presents an argument against a metaphysical conception of logic according to which logic spells out a specific kind of mathematical structure that is somehow inherently related to our factual reasoning. In contrast, it is argued that it is always an empirical question as to whether a given mathematical structure really does captures a principle of reasoning. (More generally, it is argued that it is not meaningful to replace an empirical investigation of a thing by an investigation of its a priori analyzable structure without paying due attention to the question of whether it really is the structure of the thing in question.) It is proposed to elucidate the situation by distinguishing two essentially different realms with which our reason must deal: the realm of the natural, constituted by the things of our empirical world, and the realm of the formal, constituted by the structures that we use as prisms to view, to make sense of, and to reconstruct the world. It is suggested that this vantage point may throw light on many foundational problems of logic.