临床肿瘤免疫的研究近况

免疫系统具有特异性破坏肿瘤而不损伤正常组织的能力,并且可以产生长久记忆从而阻止肿瘤复发。过去30年的肿瘤免疫研究充分证明肿瘤可以被免疫系统识别,并且机体免疫监视可以阻止肿瘤的发展或长期控制。目前的临床试验提示免疫治疗可能成为肿瘤治疗非常重要的一部分,试验中发现免疫相关的毒性、疗效评价标准以及观察终点与传统的细胞毒药物及靶向治疗均存在很大的差别。为了充分发挥免疫治疗的疗效,研究者需要更深入地了解肿瘤与宿主免疫反应之间动力学关系以及肿瘤的免疫逃逸机制,识别、评价及处理免疫相关反应。     

肿瘤免疫编辑理论与树突状细胞个体化治疗肿瘤策略的思考

利用树突状细胞瘤苗提高机体免疫系统对肿瘤的特异杀伤能力,已成为肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究热点.根据肿瘤免疫编辑理论,肿瘤免疫可分为清除、平衡和逃逸3个阶段.应用该理论阐述应用树突状细胞个体化治疗肿瘤的策略具有重要意义.     

急性心理应激致免疫改变的影响因素研究进展

自塞里提出应激理论以来 ,研究者对应激影响身心健康的生理、心理机制做了大量研究。近年来 ,许多学者把视角转向急性应激影响机体神经内分泌和免疫系统的研究[1] ,已有许多研究表明 ,无论是实验室诱发的急性应激或生活中的急性事件应激 ,均可影响机体免疫系统功能 ,而且机体免疫改变受到多种心理因素的影响[2 ] 。因此 ,探讨急性应激引起免疫反应的影响因素及其相关程度 ,对研究应激致病的中介机制、并进一步设计干预措施有重要的实际意义。1　急性应激致免疫改变的机制　　目前认为 ,机体保持内稳态的平衡 ,主要依赖于中枢神经系统 (ｃｅ…     

心理社会应激的免疫反应规律与机制

心理社会应激会引起免疫系统发生免疫防御、免疫自稳和免疫监视方面的功能变化, 并随着应激刺激的时间和强度的变化而发生着异常与正常之间的动态转变。其机制与遗传、神经内分泌、自由基代谢和肠道菌群变化等生物学因素相关, 且小胶质细胞可能在其中起着重要的中介作用。诸多的生物学因素与年龄、性别和经济地位等人口学因素共同决定着心理社会应激的免疫反应发生发展。在其干预中, 运动疗法中的体育锻炼是极为值得重视的一种手段。     

脓毒症治疗新策略:免疫调理研究新认识

脓毒症的发病率不断攀升,病死率仍然居高不下。研究发现,脓毒症的病理生理机制十分复杂。随着疾病进展,机体免疫系统调节机制失衡,易于出现免疫抑制状态。这是造成患者二次机会感染以及死亡的重要原因。近年来,人们日益重视针对机体紊乱状态的免疫调理治疗,开展了以各类免疫细胞为调节靶点的基础和临床研究。多种重组细胞因子、抗体及制剂等表现出良好的生物学活性,部分药物现已经进入临床试验阶段,并且在改善脓毒症患者免疫状态等方面取得初步疗效。因此,免疫调理治疗具有重要研究前景和临床意义。     

肿瘤免疫编辑理论与树突状细胞个体化治疗肿瘤策略的思考

利用树突状细胞瘤苗提高机体免疫系统对肿瘤的特异杀伤能力,已成为肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究热点。根据肿瘤免疫编辑理论,肿瘤免疫可分为清除、平衡和逃逸3个阶段。应用该理论阐述应用树突状细胞个体化治疗肿瘤的策略具有重要意义。     

从自然选择学说看肿瘤免疫

当今人类生存的环境发生了变化,肿瘤的发病率和病死率也越来越高,肿瘤细胞面对强大的免疫系统生存下来,说明肿瘤生存能力增强已经适应了其生存环境,这是环境对肿瘤细胞自然选择的结果。自然选择学说始终贯穿于肿瘤免疫学的免疫监视理论和免疫编辑学说之中,从自然选择的角度看肿瘤免疫学,将为肿瘤治疗策略开创一条新路。     

对免疫系统非优性的探讨

免疫系统是维持机体自身稳定的一个重要系统。从系统的功能、环境和信息方面阐述免疫系统优与非优的表现和关系;并提出由于免疫系统存在非优信息的特点,科研人员在对免疫系统认识过程中应客观、全面,在认识事物优的同时也应看到事物非优的一面。     

医学思想史札记之三:现代医学整体论的建构:免疫系统的发现

在现代医学中,整体论的概念不再是一种形而上的哲学假定,而是一种探究机体内各器官、各部分功能有机联系的理路.人类对机体免疫系统的认识历程充分展示了医学整体观是如何建构起来的.     

以免疫系统非优性的探讨

免疫系统是维持机体自身稳定的一个重要系统。从系统的功能、环境和信息方面阐述免疫系统优与非优的表现和关系;并提出由于免疫系统存在非优信息的特点,科研人员在对免疫系统认识过程中应客观、全面,在认识事物优的同时也应看到事物非优的一面。     

Sleep and Immunity: Cytokine Pathways Linking Sleep and Health Outcomes

ABSTRACT— The functions of sleep are enigmatic but are beginning to be delineated. Sleep has been long thought to be important for health, and poor sleep is prospectively associated with worsened health outcomes. Yet the mechanisms accounting for this are only partially understood. In this review, we suggest that the immune system plays a role in the relationship between sleep and health and that sleep processes and immunity show bidirectional interactions, as evidenced in both animal and human studies. Immunological signaling molecules, termed cytokines, are important in coordinating brain–immune system communication, and particular cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 play a crucial role in sleep regulation. Elevated levels of these cytokines are also associated with a number of chronic diseases and may provide a pathway linking poor sleep with health outcomes.     

肿瘤免疫中的细胞凋亡

在肿瘤免疫编辑的三个阶段：清除、平衡和逃逸,细胞凋亡发挥重要作用。清除阶段,免疫细胞通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡发挥免疫清除作用;平衡阶段,在免疫选择作用下,肿瘤细胞凋亡促进肿瘤恶性演进;逃逸阶段,肿瘤细胞凋亡耐受性增强,进而反向促使免疫细胞凋亡,削弱肌体免疫力,产生免疫耐受。     

Stress and Disease: An examination of psychophysiological effects and alternative treatment approaches

This article examine the psychophysiological relationship between psychosocial stressors and physiological changes. Stress has been shown to cause changes in the human immune system, increasing susceptibility to disease. A selective review of the literature explores this relationship. Alternative treatment modes are being implemented to supplement traditional therapies for the preventative and post hoc care of diseases, particularly those associated with the immunologic system deficiencies which could be related to stress. Implications are explored for implementing biofeedback, guided imagery, and stress management techniques for supplemental treatment in cancer, coronary heart disease, and immunologic diseases such as the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.     

Explanatory style and Immunoglobulin A (IgA).

The construct of explanatory style has been related to numerous aspects of human psychology, including health. Our research has focused on the effects of various psychological variables on the immune system, in particular Immunoglobulin A (IgA). We had participants fill out the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), the predominant measure of explanatory style, and assayed saliva samples for secretory IgA. No relationship was observed between overall ASQ score and IgA, or composite optimism score and IgA. However, we observed significant negative correlations between both the composite pessimism score and IgA, as well as the hopelessness score and IgA. Pessimistic explanatory style may therefore be related to immune system deficits and poor health.     

Explanatory style and immunoglobulin A (IgA)

The construct of explanatory style has been related to numerous aspects of human psychology, including health. Our research has focused on the effects of various psychological variables on the immune system, in particular Immunoglobulin A (IgA). We had participants fill out the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), the predominant measure of explanatory style, and assayed saliva samples for secretory IgA. No relationship was observed between overall ASQ score and IgA, or composite optimism score and IgA. However we observed significant negative correlations between both the composite pessimism score and IgA, as well as the hopelessness score and IgA. Pessimistic explanatory style may therefore be related to immune system deficits and poor health.     

Theory-Driven Interventions in Psychoneuroimmunology and HIV-1 Infection

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a rapidly evolving multidisciplinary field founded on the premise that psychosocial factors, the central nervous system, and the immune system are intimately linked. Following publication of scientific evidence supporting this link, a number of animal and human studies have been published, both inside and outside the area of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. These studies support the existence of bidirectional feedback mechanisms operating between the brain and the immune system. To date, however, there is no all-encompassing model that predicts individual differences in the relationship among psychosocial factors, immunologic measures, and clinical disease progression in HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection. This variability in human response has been explained by a number of cofactors (host as well as environmental) that appear to accelerate the course of the disease. Since psychosocial factors are highly amenable to behavioral interventions, several models for intervention research have been proposed to evaluate whether such interventions can enhance immune functioning, thereby curtailing disease progression. Examination of these interventions in the context of PNI and HIV-1 infection, however, is rather limited. Therefore, researchers and clinicians must not only consider conceptualizations and paradigms in this area of research, but also focus on empirically testable, theory-driven models that allow for the unique characteristics of individual patients.     

交感神经系统在应激免疫调节中的作用

目前,越来越多的研究资料表明交感神经系统(SNS)参与了应激的免疫调节作用。有关研究主要集中在SNS与免疫系统间的解剖基础及相互作用、SNS参与应激的免疫调节作用的实验研究以及SNS与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴（HPA）间的相互作用等几个方面。综合阐述这些研究结果,并着重分析SNS、应激与免疫系统间的相互作用及其机制     

Depression and immunocompetence: a review of the literature.

Recent evidence suggests that there is a relationship between depression and immunity. On the basis of these studies, it has been argued that depressed mood may increase susceptibility to disease by means of aberrations occurring within the immune system. Empirical research investigating the relationship between depression and immunity is reviewed here. Studies examining both clinical and nonclinical manifestations of depression are discussed and evaluated. This review reveals that indexes of immunocompetence are lower among people exhibiting depressive symptomology and suggests that immune alterations may be more related to dysphoric mood than to specific situations or events. Alternative hypotheses accounting for links between depressed affect and altered immune states are provided, and suggestions for future research are offered.