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1.
Visual capture is the resolution of visual-tactual conflicts in favor of vision. In each previous demonstration of this phenomenon, a distorted optic array, or some mechanical analog for a distorted optic array, has produced a conflict between erroneous visual information and presumably veridical tactual information. The present experiments demonstrate visual capture in the Müller-Lyer and Ponzo illusions in the absence of any distortions of the optic array.  相似文献   

2.
S Shimojo 《Perception》1987,16(4):445-447
When the visual image of a body part, such as a finger, is doubled by a prism, the 'felt' position of that body part is captured by one of its visual images. Moving eye fixation from one to the other visual image is accompanied by a quick shift of the felt position. When focal attention is dissociated from foveation, the former determines visual capture. These new observations underline an active role of focal attention in intersensory integration and sensory-motor coordination of body parts.  相似文献   

3.
In left-right comparisons of perceived length, objects on the left were slightly overestimated by vision alone but not by touch alone. This conflict between vision and touch occurred in the absence of any experimentally induced distortion or illusion. Judgments made with concurrent vision and touch were similar to those made with vision alone regardlesa of whether the Os were judging which objectfelt longer,looked longer, orwas longer. The resolution of a natural conflict between vision and touch is an example of natural visual capture.  相似文献   

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Multisensory integration increases the salience of sensory events and, therefore, possibly also their ability to capture attention in visual search. This was investigated in two experiments where spatially uninformative color change cues preceded visual search arrays with color-defined targets. Tones were presented synchronously with these cues on half of all trials. Spatial-cuing effects indicative of cue-triggered capture of attention were larger on tone-present than on tone-absent trials, demonstrating multisensory enhancements of attentional capture. Larger capture effects for audiovisual events were found when cues were color singletons, and also when they appeared among heterogeneous color distractors. Tone-induced increases of attentional capture were independent of color-specific top-down task sets, suggesting that this multisensory effect is a stimulus-driven bottom-up phenomenon.  相似文献   

6.
It is often assumed that the efficient detection of salient visual objects in search reflects stimulus-driven attentional capture. Evidence for this assumption, however, comes from tasks in which the salient object is task relevant and therefore may elicit a deliberate deployment of attention. In 9 experiments, participants searched for a nonsalient target (vertical among tilted bars). In each display, 1 bar was highly salient in a different dimension (e.g., color or motion). When the target and salient elements coincided only rarely, reducing the incentive to attend deliberately to the salient stimuli, response times depended little on whether the target was salient, although some interesting exceptions were observed. It is concluded that efficient selection of an element in visual search does not constitute evidence that the element captures attention in a purely stimulus-driven fashion.  相似文献   

7.
We studied attentional capture by dimensional cueing of visual objects. Participants received two dimension cues, one relevant for a memory test and the other relevant for an attention test. Performance in the attention task was impaired on incongruent trials (i.e., when the relevant dimensions for memory and attention did not match) relative to congruent trials. Dimensional cueing effects were enhanced when the cued dimension was held “online” in working memory through the trial, compared to when the cued dimension did not have to be held in memory. The findings demonstrate that dimensional cueing of visual selection can occur in a largely automatic manner, with working memory exerting a strong modulatory influence. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the interaction between memory and attention.  相似文献   

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9.
Visual neglect has been associated with an imbalance in the level of activity in the saccadic system: activity in the contralesional field is suppressed, which makes target selection unlikely. We recorded eye movements of a patient with hemispatial neglect and a group of healthy participants during an oculomotor distractor paradigm. Results showed that the interfering effects of a distractor were very strong when presented in her ipsilesional visual field. However, when the distractor was presented in her contralesional field, there were no interfering effects when the target was presented in her ipsilesional field. These findings could not be explained by the presence of a visual field defect as revealed by the results of two hemianopic patients. Our results are in line with an imbalance in the level of activity in the saccadic system in visual neglect because visual elements presented in the contralesional field did not compete for saccadic selection.  相似文献   

10.
Competition-based models of visual attention propose that perceptual ambiguity is resolved through inhibition, which is stronger when objects share a greater number of neural receptive fields (RFs). According to this theory, the misallocation of attention to a salient distractor--that is, the capture of attention--can be indexed in RF-scaled interference costs. We used this pattern to investigate distractor-related costs in visual search across several manipulations of temporal context. Distractor costs are generally larger under circumstances in which the distractor can be defined by features that have recently characterised the target, suggesting that capture occurs in these trials. However, our results show that search for a target in the presence of a salient distractor also produces RF-scaled costs when the features defining the target and distractor do not vary from trial to trial. Contextual differences in distractor costs appear to reflect something other than capture, perhaps a qualitative difference in the type of attentional mechanism deployed to the distractor.  相似文献   

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In 7 experiments, the authors explored whether visual attention (the ability to select relevant visual information) and visual working memory (the ability to retain relevant visual information) share the same content representations. The presence of singleton distractors interfered more strongly with a visual search task when it was accompanied by an additional memory task. Singleton distractors interfered even more when they were identical or related to the object held in memory, but only when it was difficult to verbalize the memory content. Furthermore, this content-specific interaction occurred for features that were relevant to the memory task but not for irrelevant features of the same object or for once-remembered objects that could be forgotten. Finally, memory-related distractors attracted more eye movements but did not result in longer fixations. The results demonstrate memory-driven attentional capture on the basis of content-specific representations.  相似文献   

13.
14.
Voluntary allocation versus automatic capture of visual attention   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Is there a difference in the kind of attention elicited by an abrupt-onset peripheral cue and that elicited by an instruction (e.g., a central arrow cue) to move attention to a peripheral location? In Experiment 1, we found that peripheral cues are no more effective in orienting attention than are central cues. No evidence was found for separable attentional systems consisting of a volitional response to central cues and an automatic response triggered only by peripheral cues. Rather, an identical or similar attentional process seems to be activated by either type of cue, although perhaps in different ways. Peripheral cues seem to have an automatic component, however, in that once attention is engaged by a peripheral cue, it cannot easily be disengaged for refocus elsewhere. In Experiment 2, after several sessions of practice, subjects were able to circumvent automatic attentional capture by an abrupt-onset peripheral cue and to volitionally redirect the focus of attention. Thus, attentional capture by abrupt-onset stimuli is not strongly automatic.  相似文献   

15.
S Mateeff  J Hohnsbein  T Noack 《Perception》1985,14(6):721-727
Apparent motion of a sound source can be induced by a moving visual target. The direction of the perceived motion of the sound source is the same as that of the visual target, but the subjective velocity of the sound source is 25-50% of that of the visual target measured under the same conditions. Eye tracking of the light target tends to enhance the apparent motion of the sound, but is not a prerequisite for its occurrence. The findings are discussed in connection with the 'visual capture' or 'ventriloquism' effect.  相似文献   

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17.
P M Forster 《Perception》1983,12(3):347-353
Two experiments are reported in which the nature of the representations involved in visual masking with spatially overlapping stimuli is investigated. Recent work is described which was consistent with the proposal of Breitmeyer and Ganz (1976) that masking phenomena can be understood in terms of interactions between spatial-frequency-tuned channels. In the first experiment targets which had been filtered to contain only high or low spatial frequencies were masked by high or low frequency masks. The results were more consistent with a model of masking in which higher-order representations, possibly derived from spatial-frequency information, were involved. A second experiment was carried out to test this conjecture which involved investigating the interaction between the effects of learning and the type of information used in target identification. The results provided further support for the model.  相似文献   

18.
Terminal target-pointing error on the 1st trial of exposure to optical displacement is usually less than is expected from the optical displacement magnitude. The authors confirmed 1st-trial adaptation in the task of pointing toward optically displaced targets while visual feedback was delayed until movement completion. Measurement of head-shoulder posture while participants (N = 24) viewed the optically displaced field revealed that their shoulders felt turned in the direction opposite to the displacement (visual capture), accounting for all but about 4% to 10% of 1st-trial adaptation. First-trial adaptation was unrelated to realignment aftereffects. First-trial adaptation is largely an artifact of the asymmetry of the structured visual field produced by optical displacement, which induces a felt body rotation, thereby reducing the effective optical displacement.  相似文献   

19.
Three experiments were conducted to investigate whether surprising color singletons capture attention. Participants performed a visual search task in which a target letter had to be detected among distractor letters. Experiments 1 and 2 assessed accuracy as the dependent variable. In Experiment 1, the unannounced presentation of a color singleton 500 ms prior to the letters (and in the same position as the target letter) resulted in better performance than in the preceding conjunction search segment, in which no singleton was presented, and performance was as good in this surprise–singleton trial as in the following feature search segment, in which the singleton always coincided with the target. In contrast, no improvement was observed when the color singleton was presented simultaneously with the letters in Experiment 2, indicating that attentional capture occurred later in the surprise trial than in the feature search segment. In Experiment 3, set size was varied, and reaction time was the dependent variable. Reaction time depended on set size in the conjunction search segment, but not in the surprise trial nor in the feature search segment. The results of the three experiments support the view that surprising color singletons capture attention independently of a corresponding attentional set.  相似文献   

20.
A method was developed to help elucidate the manner in which vision exerts a dominant influence over other sources of sensory information. Subjects were required to track a horizontal straight edge with their forefingers while viewing the movements of their limbs through a curve-inducing lens. Finger tracking pressure changes along the edge were transduced and monitored as a function of induced curvature orientation (convex-down, convex-up). Findings showed that greater pressure occurred when the finger was located at the low point(s) of the apparent curvature. A trend analysis indicated that the obtained pressure profiles (passive proprioception) contained large quadratic components and were exactly opposite in orientation to the shape of the visual image and subjects’ reported felt curvature of the straight edge. Results were discussed in terms of central and peripheral interpretations of visual capture.  相似文献   

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