具体的人本主义与抽象的实践概念之悖谬——评布洛赫对马克思《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》的解读

德国的新马克思主义哲学家恩斯特·布洛赫在其代表作《希望原理》第19章中,对马克思《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》(以下简称《提纲》)进行了仔细的解读。这种文本研究法在西方马克思主义者那里颇为罕见。布洛赫紧紧扣住劳动、异化和实践概念,把马克思与费尔巴哈人本主义的“决裂”演绎为从“抽象的人本主义”走向“具体的人本主义”的过程。这样一来,整个马克思主义哲学革命都只不过成了人本主义逻辑的内部演进,而不是一种格式塔式的根本变革。布洛赫所做的工作直接关涉对马克思哲学革命本质的理解问题。本文将对《希望原理》的这一文本段落进行“…     

从"政治型思想家"到"思想型学者":梁启超1920年的身份嬗变

以1920年为界,梁启超的文化身份有着“政治型思想家”与“思想型学者”的显著区别。要具体了解这一身份嬗变的文化内涵,就须走进《清代学术概论》的文本世界。从“政治型思想家”到“思想型学者”这一身份嬗变,使得梁启超在生命的最后十个年头成了一位伟大的国学大师。     

布洛赫哲学评述中的问题──关于《“西方马克思主义”》第五章

在50年代，我国哲学家就注意到了恩·布洛赫（1885－1977）的《希望原理｝，但一直没有人写过评论。改革开放以来，徐崇温教授依据研究布洛赫的英文书，在其《“西方马克思主义”》中向我国读者评述了布洛赫，在一定范围内受到了欢迎。但我觉得，他有不少统漏。1993年8月，我在哲学所学术委员会上当面指出了这些问题。对此，他声明，它们来源于莱·科拉柯夫斯基的《马克思主义的各个主要流派》第三卷（牛津，1978年）。会后，我按照他的提示，查阅了这本英文书，以弄清楚问题出在哪里。现在我把查阅后的意见写出来，与他商榷。《“西万马克…     

E.布洛赫《希望的原理》解析——关于文本结构、问题与难点

评估E.布洛赫的代表作《希望的原理》一书的效应和现实性时,当代德国哲学家哈贝马斯这样写道:"《希望的原理》是一座飘忽不定的思想山脉,足够几代人苦干、钻研和攀援"。《希望的原理》一书拥有一般社会主义文献几乎查找不到的东西,它利用高度精巧的概念手段,卓有成效地诊断和解剖了今日市民社会的文化,令人信服地揭示了从日常意识、童话到伟大的哲学、政治乌托邦的多种文化形式。《希望的原理》不仅是20世纪马克思主义哲学的一部创新之作,也是一部优秀的长篇散文,作为20世纪的精神遗产之一,其影响超出左翼知识分子的范围,渗透了20世纪整个西方精神史。     

E·布洛赫的哲学与美学思想

布洛赫(Ernst Bloch,1885—1977)系20世纪西方思想界一位具有深远影响的哲学家。1885年7月8日生于德国莱茵河畔的路德维希港,早年在德国攻读哲学,并获哲学博士学位,二次世界大战期间曾流亡瑞士和美国,世界大战结束后回民主德国莱比锡大学任教,后因反对当时民主德国对马克思主义的发展,于1958年到联邦德国在图宾根大学任客座教授。布洛赫一生勤于著述,给后人留下了一大批著作,其中较著名的有《幻想的精神》(1918)、《当代的遗产》(1935)、《主体—客体:对黑格尔的解释》(1955)、《希望的原则》(三卷本,1954—1959)、《间离》(二卷本,1962—1964》和《图宾根哲学导论》(二卷本,1963—1964)等。在国外,布洛赫一直是研究20世纪西方哲学的学者所关注的人物之一,而我们国内对布洛赫思想的介绍几乎等于零,更不要说研究了。鉴于布洛赫在20世纪西方思想界的影响和地位,本文试对布洛赫的哲学与美学思想作一简介,以飨读者。     

易理与佛理本无二致——论《周易禅解》的思想创新

明末高僧(?)益智旭,通过对《周易》经传文本的禅学解释,在理解易佛关系问题上勇于创新,比较系统地构建了独特的禅易相通思想理论．本文以《周易禅解》文本内容为依据,结合《灵峰宗论》中与易学相关的内容,从“易即易理贯彻始终”、“易理即自心之易理”、“易理即无住之佛理”等方面深入分析,揭示出“易理与佛理本无二致”是智旭的一大创新思想。     

上帝的名字及其翻译

基督教对西方思想文化的影响巨大,其中上帝占有至关重要的地位。在《圣经》中,上帝关于自己的称谓是“我是我所是”。中译文则是“我是自有永有的”。探讨这句话的中译文,不仅有助于我们理解《圣经》文本本身,而且有助于我们理解基督教思想对西方哲学的影响,以及它们之间的相互联系,从而也有助于我们理解西方哲学。     

《论语》"思无邪"与孔子的诗教思想

《论语》各篇材料看似任意罗列,仿佛没有任何秩序,其实不然。孔子评论《诗经》日“思无邪”,该章被编排在《为政》篇的第二章,十分耐人寻味。实际上,“思无邪”被排在这样的位置,也影响到了人们对《论语》的认识。其实,《为政》篇以孔子“为政以德”的政治思想为主旨,孔子《诗》教思想的本质是“政教”,从新出土的上博竹书《诗论》便可以看出孔子《诗》教思想的“德教”内涵,从而可以更准确地理解“思无邪”的含义,也可加深我们对《论语》内在结构的认识。     

《道德经》中的"德"概念与中国形而上学伦理学

《道德经》(非竹简本)中的“德”概念从生成论方面来看,是一个相对于道的特殊性概念,相对于万物的普遍性概念,因而是一个共相的具体和具体的共相相统一的概念,它位于超越的实在和感性事物之间;《道德经》中的“德”概念从认识论方面来看,是“谷神”实现的原理,是一个精神生活的形而上原理;《道德经》中的“德”概念在道德实践上主要是“得”和“舍”相平衡的原理。《道德经》通过“德”概念使得个体价值指向一个形而上的、具有无限利益的生存领域,从而具有提升现实的人格的意义。     

"自己的思想":从王弼《周易注》看

王弼注释经典文本《周易》,借助《周易》的丰富内容,利用自己相当渊博的知识,注释时进行发挥。王弼在时中、法制、改革、军事、婚姻家庭、决策、隐逸、境遇、教化、“位”的思想诸多方面,拓宽《周易》的内涵,表述出自己的思想。     

Language,politics and dreams: the challenges of building resilience in refugees

This paper describes a case study of a 60-year-old Peruvian refugee in some detail, focusing on the importance of building emotional resilience in a patient in Spanish in order to create a space for learning the English language – the patient did not speak English after 20 years of living in Britain. The work was carried out with an interpreter and some of the literature on working with interpreters is referred to. The paper also briefly outlines the refugee journey in broad terms, which is a journey from the culturally known to the culturally unknown. The question of how well the literature on resilience, which sits firmly within a Western developmental perspective, can be applied to refugees, most of whom come from group and family-based cultures dominated by ideas of honour and shame, is discussed. The paper also touches on the importance of the receiving country enabling or not, as the case may be, a transitional space for refugees who have lost their home and are seeking to find a safe haven in a strange culture.     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.