家长式领导与员工工作投入:心理授权的中介作用

对国内402名员工的关于家长式领导、工作投入和心理授权的问卷数据进行了分析,探索中国文化背景下组织特有的家长式领导与员工工作投入之间的关系及心理授权在二者关系中的中介作用。结果表明,家长式领导中的仁慈领导和威权领导两维度对员工工作投入有显著的预测作用;心理授权在仁慈领导和工作投入之间起着部分中介作用。     

心理授权研究的现状

心理授权是授权的个体内心体验的综合体,包含意义、自我效能感、自我决定以及影响四个维度。个体心理授权的影响因素方面包括个体特征、工作特征以及团体和组织特征等三个方面。心理授权不仅能作为自变量对相关工作态度、工作行为及绩效发挥积极的作用,也能作为中介变量对某些因素之间的关系起着中介作用。该文最后在对心理授权的相关研究进行总结的基础上,指出未来的研究有必要加强对心理授权的纵向过程研究等四方面问题的考察     

信任氛围、内部人身份认知与员工角色内绩效:中介的调节效应

虽然已有研究从逻辑上推理内部人身份认知在信任氛围与角色内绩效之间起中介作用,但却极少给出实证的结果。本研究基于角色认同理论和自我认知理论,以31家生产型企业的330员工为调查对象,从心理安全感的视角对信任氛围是否以及如何通过内部人身份认知影响角色内绩效进行了实证研究。结果显示:1)信任氛围对员工角色内绩效具有正向影响;2)内部人身份认知部分中介信任氛围对员工角色内绩效的影响;3)心理安全感在信任氛围与内部人身份认知的关系中起调节作用;进一步,4)心理安全感调节了内部人身份认知对信任氛围-角色内绩效中介作用。研究证明了被中介的调节效应模型全新地解释了信任氛围对角色内绩效的作用机理,对员工创新绩效管理实践提供有益的启示。     

心理资本与工作绩效的关系:基于本土心理资本理论的视角

采用问卷调查法,以445名企业员工和MBA学员为调查对象,考察了本土心理资本与适应性绩效的关系。结果表明:(1)本土心理资本对任务绩效和周边绩效均有显著的预测作用;其中事务型心理资本对任务绩效的预测作用较强;而人际型心理资本对周边绩效的预测作用较强。(2)本土心理资本对适应性绩效有显著的正向预测作用;其中事务型心理资本主要影响了压力与应急管理、创新问题解决、岗位持续学习等维度,而人际型心理资本则主要影响了人际与文化适应和岗位持续学习等维度。(3)适应性绩效在事务型和人际型心理资本与周边绩效间起部分中介作用,在事务型心理资本与任务绩效间也起部分中介作用。(4)在控制事务型心理资本的前提下,人际型心理资本对适应性绩效和周边绩效仍有显著的预测作用,显示人际型心理资本的构念具备实证效度。     

组织心理所有权与工作态度和工作行为的关系

介绍了心理所有权的理论基础,整合了组织心理所有权的基本内涵及其构念,阐述了组织心理所有权与工作态度及工作行为之间的关系：①对组织的心理所有权与员工态度以及工作行为之间具有积极的关系;②心理所有权有助于解释员工的工作责任及其行为;③心理所有权对员工绩效的预测价值还有待进一步验证。并指出当前研究中存在的问题以及未来发展趋势     

团队气氛与团队心理授权：团队信任的中介作用

通过对32家企业156个工作团队568名员工进行问卷调查,采用相关分析、回归分析和结构方程建模等统计分析方法,对中国文化背景下团队气氛与团队心理授权的关系,以及团队信任的作用进行了探讨。结果表明：（1）团队气氛对团队信任、团队心理授权有正向影响;（2）团队信任对团队心理授权有正向影响;③团队信任在团队气氛和团队心理授权之间具有部分中介作用。其中,情感信任在团队气氛和团队心理授权之间具有部分中介作用,认知信任在团队气氛与团队心理授权之间的中介作用不显著。     

心理授权对农村小学校长工作工作满意度的影响：职业认同的中介作用与情绪智力的调节作用

基于授权认知模型、社会认同理论等理论考察了心理授权对农村小学校长工作满意度的影响以及职业认同的中介效应和情绪智力的调节效应。采用心理授权量表、职业认同量表、情绪智力量表与工作满意度量表对随机抽取的269名农村小学校长进行调查。结果显示：（1）心理授权、职业认同、情绪智力与工作满意度这四个变量均两两正相关;（2）心理授权、职业认同会正向预测农村小学校长工作满意度,心理授权会正向预测职业认同;（3）职业认同在心理授权与工作满意度之间起中介作用;（4）情绪智力调节了职业认同对农村小学校长工作满意度的影响。因此,心理授权对农村小学校长工作满意度的影响是一个有调节的中介效应。     

领悟社会支持与中小学教师工作绩效：有调节的中介模型

基于社会支持的缓冲器模型和自我调节理论,本研究探讨了领悟社会支持对中小学教师工作绩效的作用机理。通过对510名中小学教师的调查与分析,结果表明：领悟社会支持与中小学教师工作绩效呈显著正相关;心理授权在领悟社会支持与工作绩效间起中介作用;未来工作自我清晰度调节了心理授权在领悟社会支持与工作绩效之间的中介作用。较之低未来工作自我清晰度的教师,中介效应在高未来工作自我清晰度教师中更显著。     

心理资本对员工的工作绩效、组织承诺及组织公民行为的影响

通过对198对直接领导和员工的实证研究,探讨了心理资本及希望、乐观和坚韧性三种积极心理状态与员工的工作绩效、组织承诺和组织公民行为之间的关系。结果表明：在控制了性别和年龄两个人口统计学变量的效应后,员工的希望、乐观和坚韧性三种积极心理状态,都对他们的工作绩效、组织承诺和组织公民行为有积极影响;员工的希望、乐观和坚韧性三者合并而成的心理资本,对他们的工作绩效、组织承诺和组织公民行为有积极影响     

变革型领导与员工工作态度：心理授权的中介作用

研究的主要目的是考察变革型领导与员工满意度、组织承诺之间的关系,以及变革型领导的作用机制,即变革型领导是否会通过心理授权影响员工工作态度。利用14家企业744份调查问卷的结果,采用结构方程模型技术对变革型领导、心理授权、员工满意度、组织承诺之间的关系进行了交叉验证分析。结果表明,愿景激励与德行垂范对组织承诺与员工满意度有显著的影响,而领导魅力与个性化关怀只对员工满意度有显著的影响;心理授权对变革型领导与员工工作态度的关系具有一定的中介作用,愿景激励与德行垂范通过工作意义影响员工满意度与组织承诺;愿景激励通过自我效能影响组织承诺     

On the Concept of Psychological

The idea that certain mental phenomena (e.g. emotions, depression, anxiety) can represent risk factors for certain somatic diseases runs through common thinking on the subject and through a large part of biomedical science. This idea still lies at the focus of the research tradition in psychosomatic medicine and in certain interdisciplinary approaches that followed it, such as psychoneuroimmunology. Nevertheless, the inclusion in the scientific literature of specifically mental phenomena in the list of risk factors pertaining to a specific pathological condition would seem, to say the least, problematic when not completely absent, unlike what happens for certain behavioural factors, such as smoking, sedentary life, and alcohol abuse. It is also significant that insurance companies and health and welfare services do not pay for interventions and treatment for states of anxiety, disorders of mood and of the personality, alexithymia and stress reduction, as means of prevention or treatment of somatic diseases, as instead they do for the treatment of tobacco addiction. However, as I shall endeavour to argue here, there are numerous and well grounded reasons why this different consideration of psychic conditions compared with behaviours is valid and must be maintained in the evaluation of pathogenetic risk factors.     

Psychological factors in the antarctic

For the people who live and work in the Antarctic, isolation and extreme physical conditions cause considerable stress. This article reviews psychological research on Antarctic residents, focusing on factors related to the isolation (effective personnel selection, positive adjustment, conflict, and reintegration into the home environment) and factors related to the physical environment (the extreme cold, high altitude, increased radiation, sensory deprivation, and seasonal changes in activity level). Finally, Antarctic research has been applied to the study of future space travel and space station habitation.     

Psychological treatments

Psychology has recently identified itself as a health care profession and codified this change in the bylaws of the American Psychological Association. Although psychologists make a number of contributions to the nation's health--and mental health--the most identifiable activity focuses on treating physical or psychological pathology with psychological interventions. Recently, health care policymakers have established that evidence supporting the efficacy of these interventions is more than sufficient for their inclusion in health care systems around the world. To promote faster and more widespread dissemination of these interventions specifically targeting problems severe enough to be included in health care systems and to solidify the identification of psychology as a health care profession, perhaps it is time for a change in terminology. It is proposed that psychologists label these procedures psychological treatments so as to differentiate them from more generic psychotherapy, which is often used outside of the scope of health care systems.     

Psychological Laws

John McDowell claims that the propositional attitudes, and our conceptual abilities in general, are not appropriate topics for inquiry of the sort that is done in natural science. He characterizes the natural sciences as making phenomena intelligible in terms of their place in the realm of laws of nature. He claims that this way of making phenomena intelligible contrasts crucially with essential features of our understanding of propositional attitudes and conceptual abilities. In this article I show that scientific work of the sort McDowell claims cannot be done is in fact being done, and that this work presents strong evidence that there are psychological laws. The research I discuss is that by the psychologist Norman H. Anderson and his colleagues. I also argue that the considerations McDowell presents in defense of his claims do not constitute a significant challenge to the research that Anderson and his colleagues have done. It will be noted in the article that Anderson's work is relevant not just to McDowell's writings, but also to several much discussed issues in philosophy of cognitive science: the above two issues of whether there can be a science of ordinary psychological phenomena, higher cognition, comparable to that of the natural sciences and whether such a science would present laws, and also the issue of whether in such a science, and its laws, notions of folk psychology would play crucial constitutive roles. Anderson's work presents strong grounds for affirmative answers to all of these questions.