动态磁共振成像在早期乳腺癌诊断中的临床研究

评价动态增强磁共振成像在早期乳腺癌诊断中的价值。随机选取2008年10月到2011年6月本院83例经B超或B超联合钼靶检查阴性的中青年女性行乳腺MRI检查,对MRI发现可疑结节病灶的患者进行手术活检,通过病理诊断来评价MRI在诊断早期乳腺癌的准确性和临床应用价值。83例中青年女性中,发现病变7例（8．4％）,癌前改变4...     

从循证医学看乳腺癌的辅助治疗

循证医学是在临床实践中通过科学的方法获得最充分的证据,并对病人做出最佳诊治决策的一门科学。目前乳腺癌的辅助治疗还存在很多不规范的问题,为使乳腺癌患者尽可能达到最优化的辅助治疗,结合大量的临床研究,分析了不同乳腺癌患者应采取的合理辅助治疗及可能带来的益处。从哲学的角度探讨循证医学在乳腺癌辅助治疗中的应用。     

从循证医学看乳腺癌的辅助治疗

循证医学是在临床实践中通过科学的方法获得最充分的证据,并对病人做出最佳诊治决策的一门科学.目前乳腺癌的辅助治疗还存在很多不规范的问题,为使乳腺癌患者尽可能达到最优化的辅助治疗,结合大量的临床研究,分析了不同乳腺癌患者应采取的合理辅助治疗及可能带来的益处.从哲学的角度探讨循证医学在乳腺癌辅助治疗中的应用.     

论有关计算机辅助教学效果的研究

有关ＣＡＩ效果的研究经历了单纯的计算机教学功效研究、软件设计研究、ＣＡＩ应用过程研究和综合研究等四个方面。这些研究都是以计算机辅助教学与传统教学的效果对比为基础的,从大量的元分析研究看,对于ＣＡＩ是否比传统教学效果更好,人们的研究结果并不一致。之所以如此,不仅是因为影响ＣＡＩ效果的因素非常复杂,也是因为效果对比实验在研究思想和设计上都存在较大的漏洞,如对比实验在本质上并没有什么意义、研究设计不够完     

计算机辅助教学对英语阅读能力的影响

通过回顾与总结CAI英语阅读教学程序由普适化向具体阅读技能转化的发展历程,总结了英语阅读中最重要的能力、技能和主要应解决的问题,阐述了CAI程序对于阅读教学的有效性研究成果:发现相关的CAI程序有五大范畴。最后就教学语言、课程设计、教师对CAI程序的运用等问题进行了探讨与展望。     

对于提高X线平片诊断准确率的思考

在临床实践中由于X线诊断方法具有操作简单方便、影像直观、空间及整体定位高及价格低廉等的优势,是其他影像检查不可替代的.但是X线平片显影主要是骨组织,X线平片检查伪影发生概率相对较高,为诊断的准确性带来了困难,X线影像诊断的误诊在临床工作中也是不可避免的,作为医务工作者总是要努力做到把误诊和漏诊减少到最低限度.本文就X线平片诊断医生在临床工作中要树立的诊断观念、拥有的读片方式、遵循的思维方法以及最后的报告书写,结合工作实践来探讨了对疾病的诊断,避免诊断结果对临床医生的错误导向.     

计算机模拟技术在漏斗胸治疗中的应用

NUSS手术是矫治儿童漏斗胸畸形的首选方法,但目前对制定个体化手术和评估术后矫形效果尚缺乏科学的手段。以有限元分析法为基础的计算机三维成像技术能模拟NUSS手术术后矫形效果,测算钢板的数量、塑形和置入部位及胸廓应力状态,预计手术并发症的发生。计算机模拟技术可为减少手术风险,制定科学的个体化NUSS手术提供有效的指导。     

计算机模拟技术在漏斗胸治疗中的应用

NUSS手术是矫治儿童漏斗胸畸形的首选方法,但目前对制定个体化手术和评估术后矫形效果尚缺乏科学的手段.以有限元分析法为基础的计算机三维成像技术能模拟NUSS手术术后矫形效果,测算钢板的数量、塑形和置入部位及胸廓应力状态,预计手术并发症的发生.计算机模拟技术可为减少手术风险,制定科学的个体化NUSS手术提供有效的指导.     

考虑题目选项信息的非参数认知诊断计算机自适应测验

选择题中的作答选项能提供额外诊断信息,为充分利用选项信息,研究提出认知诊断计算机自适应测验(CD-CAT)中两种处理选择题选项信息的非参数选题策略和变长终止规则。模拟研究的结果发现:(1)定长条件下两种非参数选题策略的分类准确性整体要高于参数选题策略;(2)两种非参数选题策略较参数选题策略具有更加均衡的题库使用情况;(3)非参数选题策略在两种新的变长终止规则下具有更高的分类准确率;(4)两种非参数选题策略均适用于选择题CD-CAT情境,使用者可任选其一进行测验分析。     

在发展中求善：动脉粥样硬化影像诊断技术不断演进的思索

动脉粥样硬化疾病是严重危害人类健康的一大类疾病,涉及人体全身各个部位,影响多个器官。动脉粥样硬化的影像诊断经历了从有创到无创、从局部到全身、从单一技术到整体化优势一系列过程,充分体现了影像技术在动脉粥样硬化诊断中的动态发展观、整体原则及个体化原则。     

乳腺癌诊治过程中的多学科协作

乳腺癌是全身疾病.其治疗和诊断都需要多个学科的积极参与协作才能完成.本文就自身体会认为乳腺专科医生掌握诸如肿瘤外科技术与肿瘤内科治疗措施,熟悉乳腺癌放疗与美容整形的相关技术,并能掌握诸如乳腺B超等检查手段等多个学科知识,同时和病理等相关科室紧密协作,是处理好乳腺癌诊治过程中的多学科协作问题的一种有效方法.     

乳腺癌诊治过程中的多学科协作

乳腺癌是全身疾病,其治疗和诊断都需要多个学科的积极参与协作才能完成。本文就自身体会认为乳腺专科医生掌握诸如肿瘤外科技术与肿瘤内科治疗措施,熟悉乳腺癌放疗与美容整形的相关技术,并能掌握诸如乳腺B超等检查手段等多个学科知识,同时和病理等相关科室紧密协作,是处理好乳腺癌诊治过程中的多学科协作问题的一种有效方法。     

Breast Cancer Risk Assessment at the Time of Screening Mammography: Perceptions and Clinical Management Outcomes for Women at High Risk

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of a breast cancer risk assessment (BCRA) at the time of screening mammogram. Women whose BCRA indicated a high risk for cancer received a letter with instructions for breast health care and genetic counseling if appropriate. After 6 months this group received surveys to evaluate their risk perception and their recall of, and compliance with, recommendations. We also explored the impact of other variables such as a recommendation for genetic counseling and physician communication with the women. After the BCRA, the majority of high risk women reported no change in their perceived risk of cancer. A woman’s perceived risk of cancer after a BCRA was significantly associated with her recall of recommendations for breast health care, but not with compliance. A recommendation for genetic counseling was not significantly related to women’s perceived risk of cancer after the BCRA. Ten percent of women who should have obtained genetic counseling actually completed an appointment. Women who discussed their BCRA results with their physicians were more compliant with a six month breast exam with a doctor (53% vs 17%, p = 0.018). Overall, women felt that the BCRA was helpful and did not cause undue stress or anxiety. Although the cohort’s compliance with recommendations was suboptimal, physicians’ interactions with their patients may have a positive influence on their compliance.     

影响乳腺癌诊疗过程的临床决策因素分析

多种因素可以影响乳腺癌的临床决策。本文从四个方面进行探讨,期望探索出适合我国国情的乳腺癌临床诊疗模式。首先,多专科的良好协作是乳腺癌临床决策的前提;其次,陈旧的乳腺癌诊疗观念限制了科学的临床决策;第三,防御性医疗行为降低了乳腺癌临床决策的质量;第四,要考虑到社会心理因素在诊疗决策中的影响。     

影响乳腺癌诊疗过程的临床决策因素分析

多种因素可以影响乳腺癌的临床决策.本文从四个方面进行探讨,期望探索出适合我国国情的乳腺癌临床诊疗模式.首先,多专科的良好协作是乳腺癌临床决策的前提;其次,陈旧的乳腺癌诊疗观念限制了科学的临床决策;第三,防御性医疗行为降低了乳腺癌临床决策的质量;第四,要考虑到社会心理因素在诊疗决策中的影响.     

Breast Cancer in Men: A Need for Psychological Intervention

Male breast cancer is a serious issue that needs to be addressed more fully by the medical and public community. However, due to a lack of awareness and limited research on the topic, there is a general absence of knowledge concerning the psychological implications of this disease in men as well as a need for greater understanding of the medical diagnosis and treatment of male breast carcinoma. Similarly, there still remains a considerable gender difference between the awareness of female breast cancer and male breast cancer Although breast cancer in men makes up only 1% of all breast cancers reported in the United States, it is increasing in incidence. There are approximately 2000 new cases and approximately 450 deaths due to male breast cancer each year. Breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in men is very similar to that described in women, however, it has been shown that men are being diagnosed at a later stage of the disease than women.     

Explaining Delay in Care Seeking for Breast Cancer Symptoms1

From a theory of care-seeking behavior, this study answered two questions: Do psychosocial variables (anxiety, utility, norm, and habit) and objective, facilitating conditions (e. g., regular practitioner) influence care-seeking delay with a breast symptom directly, or are psychosocial influences moderated by facilitating conditions? Do demographic or clinical factors explain delay, controlling for psychosocial variables and facilitating conditions? Women with breast cancer symptoms (N= 106) completed questionnaire measures. Delay was measured by the days between symptom detection and first contact with the health system. Norm and having a regular practitioner were related inversely to delay. The influence of anxiety was moderated by having a regular practitioner. Among women lacking a practitioner, anxiety was related inversely to delay; among women with a practitioner, anxiety was not related to delay. Controlling for psychosocial variables and facilitating conditions, women of color delayed longer than did Caucasians. Findings can guide research and theory about care seeking.