动态磁共振成像在早期乳腺癌诊断中的临床研究

评价动态增强磁共振成像在早期乳腺癌诊断中的价值。随机选取2008年10月到2011年6月本院83例经B超或B超联合钼靶检查阴性的中青年女性行乳腺MRI检查,对MRI发现可疑结节病灶的患者进行手术活检,通过病理诊断来评价MRI在诊断早期乳腺癌的准确性和临床应用价值。83例中青年女性中,发现病变7例（8．4％）,癌前改变4...     

MRI引导下乳腺病灶定位活检的现状与展望

乳腺磁共振(MRI)在乳腺癌早期诊断中具有举足轻重的地位,其能够发现其他影像学方法无法发现的微小病变。乳腺MRI引导下微小病变的定位或活检,为这些病灶做出明确的组织学诊断提供了可能。但由于在亚洲地区的临床应用较少,且乳腺MRI虽然对乳腺癌的检出敏感性较高,但特异性较低等因素使其应用受到了质疑和挑战。本文就近年来国内外MRI引导下乳腺定位活检的相关研究做一系统回顾,分析MRI引导下乳腺定位活检对于乳腺病灶诊断和治疗的意义。     

非哺乳期乳腺炎的现代研究进展

非哺乳期乳腺炎也被称为慢性乳腺炎,是以乳腺内或乳管内残留炎性结节或肿块形成为主要临床表现的一种乳腺迁延性炎症.由于其临床表现缺乏特异性,常易漏诊、误诊,且须与乳腺癌尤其是炎性乳癌相鉴别.B超、钼靶、MRI等是重要的辅助检查方法,但病理检查是诊断和鉴别诊断乳腺疾病的金标准.目前,该病的治疗是以手术为主的包括中西医结合在内的综合治疗.一旦发现乳腺炎性改变,就应考虑到炎性疾病可能,并及早获得病理学的诊断.     

纤维乳管镜临床应用中的问题与争议

纤维乳管镜主要应用于乳头溢液的诊断,提高了诊断的准确率,减小了手术切除范围,并修改了部分乳腺疾病的手术指征.但由于乳腺导管系统解剖的复杂性以及乳管镜本身的限制,乳管镜在乳腺导管内病变的切除、导管炎症治疗、乳腺癌筛查、保乳手术中辅助判定切缘等临床应用方面,尚存在诸多的问题与争议.     

自动乳腺全容积成像在乳腺导管内癌诊断中的价值

探讨自动乳腺全容积成像(ABVS)在乳腺导管内癌诊断中的价值。收集手术病理证实的36例乳腺导管内癌患者资料,回顾性分析钼靶X线、常规超声及ABVS的影像表现。常规超声、ABVS及钼靶X线对病灶的检出率分别为63.16%、86.84%、84.21%,ABVS及钼靶X线检出率均高于常规超声,差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为4.34及5.68,P0.05)。ABVS能提高超声对乳腺导管内癌的检出率,有助于乳腺癌早期发现及治疗。     

乳腺病变的常规影像学筛查方法的合理性分析

乳腺癌是妇女最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在我国,乳腺癌的发病率和死亡率已成为城市女性恶性肿瘤的首位,且每年以3％～5％速度增长。目前乳腺癌防治日益受到重视。然而,为了阻断高危险性的乳腺向乳腺癌发展,乳腺影像学筛查正在被越来越多的女性接受。本文就各种影像检查手段对乳腺疾病特别是乳腺癌诊断的优缺点进行简要的总结,旨在指导临床医师...     

PET/CT在肺癌诊断中的应用思辨

PET/CT将PET(正电子发射计算机断层显像)和CT(计算机X线断层显像)整合在一台机器上,组成一个完整的显像系统,两种图像优势互补,在肺癌的早期诊断、鉴别、分期和分级上体现了巨大优势.本文就应用PET/CT诊断肺癌中所体现的问题进行探讨.     

乳腺微乳头状癌的临床病理特征分析

回顾性分析乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌（IMPC）的临床病理特征.选取河北医科大学第四医院乳腺中心手术切除并经病理证实的女性原发性乳腺癌共3 383例,筛选出符合IMPC为实验组,同期乳腺浸润性导管癌（IDC）为对照组.结果显示,本组IMPC 167例,占同期乳腺癌4.94％,年龄29岁～80岁,中位年龄54岁.淋巴结转移者共135例,占80.8％,淋巴结转移数目≥4个共105例,占62.9％,HER2阳性率58.7％,与IDC组相比差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.IMPC为一种少见类型的浸润性乳腺癌,具有淋巴管侵袭性强、淋巴结转移率高的生物学行为.应与其他类型肿瘤进行鉴别,明确诊断.     

乳腺微乳头状癌的临床病理特征分析

回顾性分析乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌(IMPC)的临床病理特征.选取河北医科大学第四医院乳腺中心手术切除并经病理证实的女性原发性乳腺癌共3 383例,筛选出符合IMPC为实验组,同期乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)为对照组.结果显示,本组IMPC 167例,占同期乳腺癌4.94％,年龄29岁～80岁,中位年龄54岁.淋巴结转移者共135例,占80.8％,淋巴结转移数目≥4个共105例,占62.9％,HER2阳性率58.7％,与IDC组相比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).IMPC为一种少见类型的浸润性乳腺癌,具有淋巴管侵袭性强、淋巴结转移率高的生物学行为.应与其他类型肿瘤进行鉴别,明确诊断.     

对保乳手术及预防性乳腺切除术的思考

鉴于对乳腺癌是全身性疾病的认识,为提高术后生存质量,目前乳腺癌治疗中保乳手术日益受到重视.而为了阻断高危险性的乳腺向乳腺癌发展,预防性乳房切除术也正在被患者接受.保留乳腺与预防性切除乳腺的医学实践反映了目前人们对乳腺癌的深层认识,值得深入思考.     

自伤青少年的冲动性

以自我报告、行为学和脑电为指标, 检验自伤青少年的冲动性。研究1, 对820名普通中学生和72名工读生进行问卷调查, 探讨自伤行为与情绪调节困难、冲动性的关系。结果表明, 冲动性能够预测自伤行为, 且预测效应量大于情绪调节困难。研究2, 采用Go/Nogo范式的ERPs实验, 检验自伤组与对照组冲动控制的行为学与脑电差异。结果表明, 自伤组Nogo正确反应的N2波幅显著高于对照组, N2潜伏期在部分电极点处高于对照组。脑电地形图显示两者的脑电差异主要体现在前额叶区。结论：自伤青少年的冲动性高于同龄普通青少年。     

儿童Graves'病研究进展

Grave's病(GD)是导致儿童甲亢最常见的病因,其易感性80%决定于基因因素.ATD治疗是最常推荐的初始治疗手段,但长期缓解率仅为30%.ATD诱导儿童GD缓解的合适用药时间尚不明确.最佳治疗方式(ATD、RAI或手术)的选择还存在重大争议.药物治疗复发的预测非常重要,最近建立了一种复发风险评分,通过种族、年龄、诊断时FT4、TRAb水平、ATD预期治疗持续时间将GD儿童分成低中高三类风险人群,对其复发风险作出评估,对于确定GD儿童在初始治疗时选择何种方案更为适合意义重大.     

Certification in Testing in Canada

This article presents a brief outline of a program developed by the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission (CEIC) for certifying employment counselors to use tests in Canada Employment Centres (CECs).     

Sex differences in relational aggression in preschool children in Iran

The purpose of this study was to compare scores on a Relational Aggression Questionnaire for preschool boys and girls in Iran. The questionnaire was developed here, and its reliability and validity were assessed. Teachers' reports of relational aggression in 258 children ages 3 to 7 years was studied. Sex differences in relational aggression were not observed and was not significantly different across age groups.     

Occupational Stress in Workers and Managers in Steelworks in China

Occupational stressors and strains of 121 Chinese steelwork employees and 122 managers were measured using the Chinese version of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). It was found that factors intrinsic to the job, Type A behavior, logic, and organizational structure and climate were the main predictors of mental ill-health and physical ill-health in managers. Organizational structure and climate and relationships with other people were important predictors for workers. Management processes and organizational forces were the strongest predicting factors of job satisfaction in both samples. On certain OSI scales and subscales, managers scored statistically higher than workers. It is proposed that these results reflect the enormous economic and social changes currently taking place in China, together with certain features inherent in Chinese organizational and managerial processes.     

Hemifacial differences in the in‐group advantage in emotion recognition

Some researchers have interpreted findings of in‐group advantage in emotion judgements as ethnic bias by perceivers. This study is the first linking in‐group advantage to subtle differences in emotional expressions, using composites created with left and right facial hemispheres. Participants from the USA, India, and Japan judged facial expressions from all three cultures. As predicted, in‐group advantage was greater for left than right hemifacial composites. Left composites were not universally more recognisable, but relatively more recognisable to in‐group members only. There was greater pancultural agreement about the recognition levels of right hemifacial composites. This suggests the left facial hemisphere uses an expressive style less universal and more culturally specific than the right, and that bias alone does not cause the in‐group advantage.     

Changes in Sexual Orientation and Object Choice in Midlife in Women

Changes in sexual orientation or object choice in midlife can represent many different dynamics. Understanding these involves recognition of the psychological developmental issues of this period, such as changes in self concept, identity, the awareness of time, and changes in expectations and goals, such as the wish to create a family. Other needs, for intimacy and emotional richness, or the revival of wishes for closer ties to one's mother, can then become dominant and be expressed sexually. Earlier, more conventional choices can be abandoned, particularly after children are born. For some women an early homosexual relationship is replaced temporarily or permanently by a heterosexual one. This can represent permission to move outside the world of women, or a wish for a family and children. Fluidity of choice may be more characteristic for women than men and may be related to characteristics of the female body.     

Evidence for sex differences in brain organization in recovery in aphasia

Ninety-one adult aphasics of both sexes were studied before and after a 3-month period of language therapy. Although no initial sex difference was found in severity of language disorders, females within the global aphasic group showed significantly greater improvement in three tests of language comprehension. It is suggested that more bilateral representation of language functions in the female brain may account for this greater improvement.