临床病理诊断工作中的人文关怀

随着现代医学模式的转化,在临床病理诊断工作中应该更注重人文精神的培养和哲学思维的运用.主要表现为以下几个问题:服务意识的树立、诊断技术的抉择、沟通艺术的驾驭、温馨环境的营造、诊断因素的认识、桥梁身份的把握.     

加拿大病理科住院医师规范化培训的经验借鉴与思考

住院医师培训制度是医学生毕业后医学教育的重要组成部分,是提高临床医师队伍素质和医疗工作质量的主要措施。临床病理住院医师规范化培训是培养合格病理医生的重要途径,对于规范病理诊断、提高诊断质量、提高病理同质化诊疗水平、促进学术交流等具有重要作用。本文结合在加拿大麦吉尔大学医学中心病理科的学习交流情况,在病理学专业网站建设、住院医师规范化培训及系统化学习,病理学亚专科建设及住院医师自身学习、参与学术交流方面作简要阐述。     

临床病理诊断工作中的人文关怀

随着现代医学模式的转化,在临床病理诊断工作中应该更注重人文精神的培养和哲学思维的运用。主要表现为以下几个问题服务意识的树立、诊断技术的抉择、沟通艺术的驾驭、温馨环境的营造、诊断因素的认识、桥梁身份的把握。     

影像诊断中的辩证法与思维逻辑——读《准确、完整的诊断与临床决策》一文感想

反复阅读《医学与哲学》临床决策论坛版2007年第8期刊登的敖定椿、雷霆教授撰写的“准确、完整的诊断与临床决策”一文后很受启发，在我从事超声诊断工作20多年中遇到了很多问题，与其他临床医生遇到的问题一样：为什么有时候超声诊断的结果和CT诊断的结果一致时而手术的结果却完全不一样？为什么有时影像诊断的意见与临床疾病完全不符合？我们要为临床提供一个什么样的诊断依据？临床医生需要怎样看待影像诊断报告？需要掌握那些影像诊断知识？这些问题使我在工作中不断地思考。     

基层医院病理诊断工作中的矛盾及解决对策

通过对目前地市级及以下医院病理诊断工作处于艰难处境,严重制约临床各科发展的现状进行分析。提出了四个方面突出的矛盾,临床技术飞速发展与病理工作条件滞后的矛盾;病理、临床医师间信息不对称的矛盾;日益升温的冰冻切片需求与其固有局限性的矛盾;临床对诊断高准确性要求与病理诊断高复杂性现实的矛盾。探讨了相应解决对策。     

告知患者癌症诊断的利弊分析及有效告知的方法

告知患者癌症诊断是肿瘤科的核心问题.法律和医学伦理原则要求医务人员应掌握肿瘤患者的心理和其他方面的特殊性,及时、充分地与患者及家属进行沟通,严格履行肿瘤患者的知情同意原则.本文旨在对告知患者癌症诊断的利弊及有效告知癌症诊断的方法进行分析,以期为临床肿瘤医疗、护理工作提供指导.     

病理诊断的局限及其应对措施

病理诊断是诊断疾病的基本方法之一,是许多疾病的最终诊断,被许多人称为临床诊断的"金标准".但由于病理诊断技术存在的一些主观和客观因素的影响,病理诊断也存在局限性,并且这些诊断的局限常常会引起误诊漏诊和医患纠纷.如何能在工作中尽可能地克服病理诊断的局限,使其更好地为临床和患者服务.结合临床病理实践的具体工作,对病理诊断的局限性进行简要分析,并提出相关的应对措施.     

与情共舞：共情与麻醉医患沟通

麻醉医生所面临的沟通挑战是临床科室中所特有的,将共情应用于麻醉医生临床工作中,可以促进医患情感沟通,改善医患关系,减少医患纠纷。阐述了共情的概念,共情在麻醉医患沟通中的作用以及从术前、术中和术后三个方面探讨了将共情应用于麻醉医生与患者的沟通中。同时就术中的医患沟通从诱导前、麻醉维持中和苏醒期三个方面进行了描述。此外,共情需要麻醉医生和患者的共同参与,可以让医患双方共同获益,让医患之间的情感产生共鸣,让共情与麻醉工作相互交织,使麻醉工作不仅充满科学还充满温情。     

检验医学的医学伦理学思考

检验医学发展迅速,然而对其医学伦理学的思考却常被人忽视.本文对日常检验工作中存在的伦理学问题进行了初步撂讨,从检验机构设置、检验项目管理、日常检验工作及检验与临床的沟通等方面思考了当今检验医学领域医学伦理学的现况.加强检验医学的医学伦理学建设,真正体现出对患者的人文关怀.     

临床病理诊断中蕴涵的哲学原理及其重要性初探

准确的临床病理诊断有赖于正确的思维方法,将哲学原理运用于临床病理诊断有利于更准确地诊断疾病。在临床病理诊断中应注重和运用理论源于实践,又反过来指导实践;透过现象看本质,抓住事物的主要矛盾;事物的发展具有普遍规律和特殊规律两个方面;事物是普遍联系的等原理。     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.