浅谈造成军事体育训练损伤的原因及预防对策

军事体育训练损伤是指导致肌肉和骨骼系统的损伤。军事体育训练损伤直接影响部队官兵身体健康，削弱部队战斗力，对提r~iJrl练质量有极大的障碍作用，成为军事训练中军事医学的突出问题。提高干部战士的训练水平，关系到部队的稳定与发展，关系到部队正规化建设水平，也关系到部队的凝聚力和战斗力。本文就分析造成军事训练损伤的原因来进一步提出解决的对策和方法。     

对如何建立规范的高科技学习运行机制的几点思考

着眼部队指挥干部成长发展的机制建设,是提高军队指挥干部科技素质的重要保证。无论是加快军队院校改革步伐,还是依托普通高等教育培养军队干部,从根本上讲为了解决军事指挥人才的基础素质,尤其是科技文化素质问题。部队则是锻造合格军事指挥人才的熔炉,是实现人与武器装备有机结合,形成现实战斗力的广阔舞台。适应未来军事斗争需要的具有高科技素质的军事指挥人才,只有在部队的军事训练和实际工作中经过严格摔打,才能肩负重任、不辱使命。这就需要部队为军事指挥人才成长发展创造更多的条件,尤其要着眼注重各种有效机制的建设,促使军事指挥人才成为“科技强军”的实践主体。     

犯罪受害人的应激障碍及其干预

曾经在犯罪现场遭到犯罪人威胁或伤害的受害人,可能会因为这种遇害经历而产生各种各样的应激障碍.描述犯罪受害人有可能发生的应激障碍的临床表现,介绍国内外常用的评估工具,总结能够有效干预犯罪受害人应激障碍的方法,并做出简要评价.     

我国军事心理学面临的现实任务

建设我国独特的军事心理学,是新时期加强部队建设、提高部队战斗力,夺取未来反侵略战争胜利的迫切需要。为什么这样讲呢?这要从心理学的基本知识谈起。心理学是研究人的心理活动规律的科学。人在清醒状况下每时每刻都在进行着心理活动。任何人     

影响应激障碍治疗方案确立的临床特征

急性应激障碍和创伤后应激障碍是近些年创伤后研究的重要内容.为了更加全面地评估遭遇创伤事件患者的情况,本文将从年龄、性别、种族和文化因素、生理与心理共病、过去受伤史、攻击行为、自伤和自杀行为7个方面阐述影响应激障碍的因素,以期在影响应激治疗因素层面为临床治疗提供依据.     

军校学员心理健康问题研究——以空军雷达学院学员心理健康为例分析

军人心理健康是军人心理素质的核心,是军人思想政治素质、军事专业素质、科学文化素质形成和提高的基础,是部队凝聚力、战斗力的重要因素。军事院校是培养军事人才的基地,正确把握军校学员的心理特点和变化规律,积极开展心理健康教育,对于广大学员了解自身心理状况,掌握应付心理冲突、心理紧张和心理压力的方法,对于提高学员心理素质、健全人格,增强承受挫折、适应环境的能力,从而为“打得赢”和“不变质”奠定良好的心理基础,确保学员身心健康具有重要意义。     

创伤后应激障碍研究进展

文章概括了国内外近年来对创伤后应激障碍的研究,分别介绍了其基本概念、临床分型、理论模型、评估诊断,以及治疗方法。对这一心理障碍的进一步研究能充实心理咨询治疗的课题,并具有重要的社会意义。     

不能承受之生活重负——“5．12”地震后的急性应激障碍的案例报告

急性应激障碍是由激烈的、异乎寻常的精神刺激、生活事件或持续困境的作用下引发的精神障碍。本案例是对一名女服刑人员“5．12”地震强烈刺激作用下引发的精神障碍的咨询过程。通过帮助求助者消除应激障碍，以及与求助一起探论产生急性应激障碍的原因，促进其自我成长。该案例报告分为八大部分：一、一般资料；二、主诉和个人陈述；三、观察和他人反映；四、评估于诊断；五、咨询目标的确立；六、咨询方案的制定；七、咨询过程；八、咨询效果评估。     

急性应激障碍（ASD）研究述评

急性应激障碍是个体在亲历、目击或面临一个对自己或他人具有死亡威胁、严重伤害的创伤事件后的2天至4周内所表现的应激反应。急性应激障碍的症状主要表现为分离、再历、回避和过度警觉。文章回顾了以往的相关研究,从急性应激障碍的测评方法、发生率、与创伤后应激障碍和创伤记忆的关系、心理治疗和干预等方面进行了综述。最后对未来可能的研究方向提出了展望     

我对加强信息作战人才培养意义的几点理解

人才准备是未来军事斗争诸多准备中最重要的准备，人才准备的充分程度决定军事斗争准备的程度。大力培养信息作战人才是时代的呼唤，古往今来，得知识者得大势，得人才者得天下。一支胜利之师。大都拥有雄厚的人才基础；一支缺乏战斗力的部队，人才匮乏；素质低下往往是一个重要原因。许多战例告诉我们，知识就是力量，人才就是战斗力。谁抢占到人才这个“第一制高点”，谁就能在未来战场上掌握主动。特别要注意到，目前在新军事革命的形势下，我军与对手还有差距，在信息作战人才方面也存在较大的“知识差”、“能力差”。因此加强信息作战人才培养就显得更加现实和紧迫，意义重大而又深远。     

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in United Nations Peacekeepers: An Examination of Factor Structure in Peacekeepers with and without Chronic Pain

Recent factor analytic investigations of post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans suggest that symptoms are best described by either a hierarchical 2-factor model or a 4-factor inter-correlated model. Other recent evidence suggests that post-traumatic stress disorder and chronic pain are intricately related; however, the nature of this relationship is not well understood. Factor analysis provides one method for clarifying this relationship. In study 1, we compared competing models of post-traumatic stress disorder symptom structure in a sample of 400 male United Nations peacekeepers using confirmatory factor analysis. Results indicated that both the hierarchical 2-factor and the 4-factor inter-correlated models provided good fit to the data. In study 2, the reliability of these models was assessed in 427 male United Nations peacekeepers with chronic back pain and 341 without. Group comparisons of the confirmatory factor analysis results revealed that the structure of the hierarchical 2-factor and 4-factor inter-correlated models both provided good fit to the data in both the chronic back pain and the group without. However, the structure of the models for the group with chronic back pain group differed in significant ways from that of the group without chronic back pain. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in military veterans can be adequately conceptualized using either a hierarchical 2-factor or 4-factor inter-correlated model. Chronic pain has a minimal influence on overall factor structure. The hierarchical 2-factor model, while parsimonious, does not provide the degree of symptom detail provided by the 4-factor inter-correlated model. Implications for conceptualization of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms for patients with chronic back pain and significant post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology are discussed.     

Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in United Nations peacekeepers: an examination of factor structure in peacekeepers with and without chronic pain

Recent factor analytic investigations of post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans suggest that symptoms are best described by either a hierarchical 2-factor model or a 4-factor inter-correlated model. Other recent evidence suggests that post-traumatic stress disorder and chronic pain are intricately related; however, the nature of this relationship is not well understood. Factor analysis provides one method for clarifying this relationship. In study 1, we compared competing models of post-traumatic stress disorder symptom structure in a sample of 400 male United Nations peacekeepers using confirmatory factor analysis. Results indicated that both the hierarchical 2-factor and the 4-factor inter-correlated models provided good fit to the data. In study 2, the reliability of these models was assessed in 427 male United Nations peacekeepers with chronic back pain and 341 without. Group comparisons of the confirmatory factor analysis results revealed that the structure of the hierarchical 2-factor and 4-factor inter-correlated models both provided good fit to the data in both the chronic back pain and the group without. However, the structure of the models for the group with chronic back pain group differed in significant ways from that of the group without chronic back pain. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in military veterans can be adequately conceptualized using either a hierarchical 2-factor or 4-factor inter-correlated model. Chronic pain has a minimal influence on overall factor structure. The hierarchical 2-factor model, while parsimonious, does not provide the degree of symptom detail provided by the 4-factor inter-correlated model. Implications for conceptualization of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms for patients with chronic back pain and significant post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology are discussed.     

A Review of Reviews Examining Neurological Processes Relevant to Impact of Parental PTSD on Military Children: Implications for Supporting Resilience

In this study, 10 recent meta-analytic and systematic review studies were synthesized on the neurological underpinnings of stress and trauma with implications for the impact of parental post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and resilience among military children. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) group guidelines and utilizing a validated quality assessment tool, this systematic review of reviews incorporated results from more than 35,971 individuals with stress exposures, effects, or disorders and healthy controls. This synthesis found support for important gene, physiology, and environment correlations and interactions that predict increased risk for stressful life events and PTSD, but not direct transmission, among military children. Future research is needed to determine if these constitute indirect pathways of intergenerational transmission in military children.     

The Evaluation and Treatment of Comorbid Pain and PTSD in a Military Setting: An Overview

The present article reviews the growing prevalence of comorbid pain and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the military. This has been caused by the ongoing military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, where new combat conditions/strategies are causing these comorbid conditions. Fortunately, comprehensive interdisciplinary treatment programs, originally developed for a civilian population and in academic settings, are being successfully "translated" or utilized in the military environment. Recent data demonstrating this translational clinical intervention are presented. Finally, challenges encountered when translating these interventions in a military environment are also discussed.     

Characteristics and Effectiveness of an Intensive Military Outpatient Treatment Program for PTSD

This study describes the characteristics and global effectiveness of treatment of a military intensive outpatient treatment program for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thirty-nine military personnel completed treatment outcome questionnaires. Results showed a statistically significant reduction in depression and PTSD symptoms after the participants completed 3 weeks of intensive outpatient therapy. The findings have clinical and research implications for the length, intensity, and focus of PTSD treatment.     

The Protective Value of Hardiness on Military Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

This study examined the protective effects of hardiness (dispositional resilience) on self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of postdeployed service members. Hardiness was negatively related to PTSD symptoms. Time in the military, number of deployments, and total time spent on deployment were all positively related to PTSD symptoms. Hardiness moderated the effects of time in the military on PTSD symptoms, such that time in the military had no effect on those who were high in hardiness. Hardiness did not moderate the effects of either deployment measure. Suggestions to modify current military resilience training programs to most effectively enhance the benefits of hardiness are discussed.     

Management of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Military: An Intervention Model

Military Forces are involved in combat, peacekeeping operations and disaster management. The nature of such operations include violent conflict, death of women and children, child soldiers and own forces. These traumatic circumstances can contribute to the development of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in members involved. This article discusses the role and function of psychological debriefing for trauma with operational military units. It also proposes a preliminary intervention model to manage PTSD in military forces.     

Social Support and Mental Health Outcomes Among U.S. Army Special Operations Personnel

Mental health disorders continue to plague service members and veterans; thus, new approaches are required to help address such outcomes. The identification of risk and resilience factors for these disorders in specific populations can better inform both treatment and prevention strategies. This study focuses on a unique population of U.S. Army Special Operations personnel to assess how specific avenues of social support and personal morale are related to mental health outcomes. The results indicate that, whereas personal morale and friend support reduce the relationship between combat experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), strong unit support exacerbates the negative effects of combat experiences in relation to PTSD. The study thus shows that although informal social support can lessen postdeployment mental health concerns, military populations with strong internal bonds may be at greater risk of PTSD because the support that they receive from fellow service members may heighten the traumatic impact of combat experiences.     

Does Reintegration Stress Contribute to Suicidal Ideation Among Returning Veterans Seeking PTSD Treatment?

Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychiatric symptoms are well‐established risk factors for suicidal ideation among returning veterans, less attention has been paid to whether the stress of reintegrating into civilian society contributes to suicidal ideation. Utilizing a sample of 232 returning veterans (95% male, mean age = 33.63 years) seeking PTSD treatment, this study tested whether reintegration difficulties contribute to suicidal ideation over and above the influence of PTSD symptoms, depression symptoms, and potential substance misuse. Logistic regressions indicated that reintegration stress had a unique effect on suicidal ideation over and above PTSD and depression symptoms. Reintegration stress interacted with substance misuse to predict suicidal ideation, such that the effect of reintegration stress on suicidal ideation was much larger for those with potential substance misuse. Exploratory analyses also examined which types of reintegration difficulties were associated with suicidal ideation, and found that difficulty maintaining military friendships, difficulty getting along with relatives, difficulty feeling like you belong in civilian society, and difficulty finding meaning/purpose in life were all significantly associated with suicidal ideation, beyond the effects of psychiatric symptoms and potential substance misuse. Findings highlight the importance of addressing reintegration stress for the prevention of suicide among returning veterans. Implications for treatment are discussed.     

Computer-Guided Problem-Solving Treatment for Depression,PTSD, and Insomnia Symptoms in Student Veterans: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Depression is a highly prevalent psychological disorder experienced disproportionately by college student military veterans with many deleterious effects including risk for suicide. Treatment can help, but the debilitating nature of depression often makes seeking in-person treatment difficult and many are deterred by stigma, inconvenience, concerns about privacy, or a preference to manage problems themselves. The current study examines the efficacy of a computer-guided Problem-Solving Treatment (ePST^®) for reducing symptoms of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and insomnia in student military veterans. Twenty-four student veterans (Mean_age = 32.7) with symptoms of depression were randomly assigned either to a treatment group receiving six weekly sessions of ePST or to a minimal contact control group (MCC). Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression scale at baseline and then weekly through post-ePST or post-MCC. PTSD and insomnia questionnaires were also completed at baseline and posttreatment. A linear mixed model regression showed a statistically significant Group (ePST vs. MCC) × Time (pretreatment through posttreatment) interaction for depression, with the ePST showing substantial improvements in depressive symptoms over the 6-week period. Significant improvements were also seen in PTSD and insomnia symptoms. Results suggest that ePST can effectively treat depression, PTSD, and insomnia symptoms in student military veterans and may be a viable alternative for those who are not able to access live therapy. Future work should examine the durability of treatment effects and utility for more severe depression and suicide prevention.